• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2023

We aimed to develop outstanding domestic varieties suitable for both columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates, aiming to replace foreign varieties. and bred a high-quality new strain named 'Charmjon', using genetic resources collected from Japan and China. The optimal cultivation temperature for Charmjon's mycelial growth was found to be 25℃, and its mycelial growth at 15℃ and 25℃ was superior to the control variety. In terms of mycelial growth characteristics based on the substrate, Charmjon exhibited excellent mycelial strength on PDA medium compared to the control variety. Through columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates cultivation, we assessed the quantity and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The results confirmed that Charmjon can be produced stably using both cultivation methods, and it showed higher yields and individual weights than the control variety. In addition, the color of the pileus was notably darker, and the shape of the pileus varied depending on the cultivation method. The test of genetic diversity revealed that Charmjon has distinct genetic characteristics compared to the control varieties.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2019

The social network service (SNS) is one of the important marketing channels, so many companies actively exploit SNSs by posting SNS messages with appropriate content and style for their customers. In this paper, we focused on the psychological distances embedded in the SNS messages and developed a method to measure the psychological distance in SNS message by mixing a traditional content analysis, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning. Through a traditional content analysis by human coding, the psychological distance was extracted from the SNS message, and these coding results were used for input data for NLP and machine learning. With NLP, word embedding was executed and Bag of Word was created. The Support Vector Machine, one of machine learning techniques was performed to train and test the psychological distance in SNS message. As a result, sensitivity and precision of SVM prediction were significantly low because of the extreme skewness of dataset. We improved the performance of SVM by balancing the ratio of data by upsampling technique and using data coded with the same value in first content analysis. All performance index was more than 70%, which showed that psychological distance can be measured well.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-83
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• 2018

With the increasing importance of sentiment analysis to grasp the needs of customers and the public, various types of deep learning models have been actively applied to English texts. In the sentiment analysis of English texts by deep learning, natural language sentences included in training and test datasets are usually converted into sequences of word vectors before being entered into the deep learning models. In this case, word vectors generally refer to vector representations of words obtained through splitting a sentence by space characters. There are several ways to derive word vectors, one of which is Word2Vec used for producing the 300 dimensional Google word vectors from about 100 billion words of Google News data. They have been widely used in the studies of sentiment analysis of reviews from various fields such as restaurants, movies, laptops, cameras, etc. Unlike English, morpheme plays an essential role in sentiment analysis and sentence structure analysis in Korean, which is a typical agglutinative language with developed postpositions and endings. A morpheme can be defined as the smallest meaningful unit of a language, and a word consists of one or more morphemes. For example, for a word '예쁘고', the morphemes are '예쁘(= adjective)' and '고(=connective ending)'. Reflecting the significance of Korean morphemes, it seems reasonable to adopt the morphemes as a basic unit in Korean sentiment analysis. Therefore, in this study, we use 'morpheme vector' as an input to a deep learning model rather than 'word vector' which is mainly used in English text. The morpheme vector refers to a vector representation for the morpheme and can be derived by applying an existent word vector derivation mechanism to the sentences divided into constituent morphemes. By the way, here come some questions as follows. What is the desirable range of POS(Part-Of-Speech) tags when deriving morpheme vectors for improving the classification accuracy of a deep learning model? Is it proper to apply a typical word vector model which primarily relies on the form of words to Korean with a high homonym ratio? Will the text preprocessing such as correcting spelling or spacing errors affect the classification accuracy, especially when drawing morpheme vectors from Korean product reviews with a lot of grammatical mistakes and variations? We seek to find empirical answers to these fundamental issues, which may be encountered first when applying various deep learning models to Korean texts. As a starting point, we summarized these issues as three central research questions as follows. First, which is better effective, to use morpheme vectors from grammatically correct texts of other domain than the analysis target, or to use morpheme vectors from considerably ungrammatical texts of the same domain, as the initial input of a deep learning model? Second, what is an appropriate morpheme vector derivation method for Korean regarding the range of POS tags, homonym, text preprocessing, minimum frequency? Third, can we get a satisfactory level of classification accuracy when applying deep learning to Korean sentiment analysis? As an approach to these research questions, we generate various types of morpheme vectors reflecting the research questions and then compare the classification accuracy through a non-static CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) model taking in the morpheme vectors. As for training and test datasets, Naver Shopping's 17,260 cosmetics product reviews are used. To derive morpheme vectors, we use data from the same domain as the target one and data from other domain; Naver shopping's about 2 million cosmetics product reviews and 520,000 Naver News data arguably corresponding to Google's News data. The six primary sets of morpheme vectors constructed in this study differ in terms of the following three criteria. First, they come from two types of data source; Naver news of high grammatical correctness and Naver shopping's cosmetics product reviews of low grammatical correctness. Second, they are distinguished in the degree of data preprocessing, namely, only splitting sentences or up to additional spelling and spacing corrections after sentence separation. Third, they vary concerning the form of input fed into a word vector model; whether the morphemes themselves are entered into a word vector model or with their POS tags attached. The morpheme vectors further vary depending on the consideration range of POS tags, the minimum frequency of morphemes included, and the random initialization range. All morpheme vectors are derived through CBOW(Continuous Bag-Of-Words) model with the context window 5 and the vector dimension 300. It seems that utilizing the same domain text even with a lower degree of grammatical correctness, performing spelling and spacing corrections as well as sentence splitting, and incorporating morphemes of any POS tags including incomprehensible category lead to the better classification accuracy. The POS tag attachment, which is devised for the high proportion of homonyms in Korean, and the minimum frequency standard for the morpheme to be included seem not to have any definite influence on the classification accuracy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2005

Purpose : Urine collection using a sterile adhesive bag for urinalysis has been used commonly in infants and young children. However, this method has had some drawbacks. So, this study was performed to evaluate the usage of disposable diapers as a substitute for the routine urine collection method. Methods : 60 mL of self voided fresh urine was collected from 99 patients. Half of the urine was poured on the disposable diapers which did not contain absorbent gel beads. After 1 hr, we obtained the urine samples(extracted urine) by compressing the wet diapers using a 50 ml syringe. Routine, microscopic and biochemical analyses were performed on the other half of fresh urine and extracted urine. Then we compared each result by correlative analysis. Results : 198 samples from 99 patients were evaluated. The results of routine urinalysis except WBC and biochemical urinalysis showed a significant correlation between the two groups(P<0.05). The relative coefficients of urine SG, pH, glucose, protein, blood and leukocytes between the two groups were 0.964, 0.938, 0.977, 0.956, 0.931 and 0.738, respectively. Those of urinary sodium, potassium, chloride and creatinine were 0.997, 0.998, 0.995 and 0.998, respectively Microscopic examinations showed lower relative coefficients than the other results, 0.740 for RBC and 0.602 for WBC, but these were still significant(P<0.05). Conclusion : The results of the urine analysis with extracted urine from diapers correlates well with that of fresh urine. This new method is very helpful and can be used as an alternative of urine collection, especially for infants and young children. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:128-136)

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The present study identified the restrictions on the use of sous-vide products in the Korean HMR market for small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. A detailed literature review revealed that the HMR market in Korea is close to saturation. Notably, the technologically advanced products produced using sous-vide seem to display significant potential to overcome market saturation. The sous-vide method differs from conventional cooking techniques and is characterized by maintenance of food texture along with flavor enhancement. However, due to the unfamiliarity of the manufacturers with this method and the unclear food safety regulations, mass food manufacturing companies do not agree on using this method; hence, sous-vide production is usually undertaken by small/medium sized companies catering primarily through online marketing portals. This study highlights the various restrictions to the implementation of sous-vide production, and discusses several practical implications of sous-vide production that would help users of this technique enter the HMR market.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2010

Purpose: PET/CT combines functional and morphologic data and increases diagnostic accuracy in a variety of malignancies. Especially reconstructed Fusion PET/CT images or MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection) images from a 2-dimensional image to a 3-dimensional one are useful in visualization of the lesion. But in Fusion & MIP 3D reconstruction image, due to hot uptake by urine or urostomy bag, lesion is overlapped so it is difficult that we can distinguish the lesion with the naked eye. This research tries to improve a distinction by removing parts of hot uptake. Materials and Methods: This research has been conducted the object of patients who have went to our hospital from September 2008 to March 2009 and have a lot of urine of remaining volume as disease of uterus, bladder, rectum in the result of PET/CT examination. We used GE Company's Advantage Workstation AW4.3 05 Version Volume Viewer program. As an analysis method, set up ROI in region of removal in axial volume image, select Cut Outside and apply same method in coronal volume image. Next, adjust minimum value in Threshold of 3D Tools, select subtraction in Advanced Processing. It makes Fusion & MIP images and compares them with the image no using Region Cut Definition. Results: In Fusion & MIP 3D reconstruction image, it makes Fusion & MIP images and compares them by using Advantage Workstation AW4.3 05's Region Cut Subtraction, parts of hot uptake according to patient's urine can be removed. Distinction of lesion was clearly reconstructed in image using Region Cut Definition. Conclusion: After examining the patients showing hot uptake on account of volume of urine intake in bladder, in process of reconstruction image, if parts of hot uptake would be removed, it could contribute to offering much better diagnostic information than image subtraction of conventional method. Especially in case of disease of uterus, bladder and rectum, it will be helpful for qualitative improvement of image.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

To establishment of PT Program for Indoor air quality field that manufacture of confidential development PTMs (proficiency testing materials) and examined of proficiency testing evaluation included sampling process whether or not that is valid. Confirmation of homogeneity and stability of PTMs prepared. PTMs were confirmed to be homogeneous enough to be used as proficiency testing materials since withinbottle homogeneities of the RMs were lower than 0.3 times of targeted standard deviation of proficiency testing. The result of this study showed that the Robust RSD of proficiency testing for VOCs (volatile organic compounds) appeared 23~43% in concentration of 50~320 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for Method A(Distribution by adsorption in Tenax-tube of VOCs), but less 13~42% in concentration of 200~1200 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 16~31% in concentration of 100~450 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for Method B (distribution by VOCs of gas phase in 10L Tedalr bag), C (directly sampling of cylinder with high pressure) respectively. The result of this study showed that method C with sampling is most adequate to the proficiency testing for VOCs in indoor air.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 1978

A boat seine has been used as a major fishing gear for catching anchovy (Engraulis japonica) in the southern coastal waters of Korea since the 1920s. Since the 1950s some improvement from the original seine has been made; powered boats equipped with net hauler has been used instead of rowing boats with hand-driven capstan, and the seining method has been changed into the trawling method. But even now, there are many problems to be solved in the view point of decreasing man power without decreasing catching efficiency. For the purpose, patti-net has been introduced from Japan and experimented on the commercial base since 1972, and it was known that the patti-net could be operated with man power as half as needed in the coventional net, but catching efficiency was not so desirable. Therefore, the study on the characteristics of it were required. The authors carried out a model experiment with a Qne-twentieth scale model net towed by a powered boat on the sea. The obtained results run as follows: 1. Hydrodynamic resistance of the model net can be explained as $R_p=69.6 V_{I.66}$ $R_h=37 v^2$ where $R_p$ and $R_b$ denote the resistance of the whole gear and the cod end in kg respectively, and v the towing speed in mlsec. 2. Performance of wing and cod end showed no deformation such as observed at the conventional net. 3. The ratio of opening at the entrance of bag net to that of cod end showed about 2: 1. Therefore, when we intend to enlarge the net to be able to operate in the deep fishing ground, the cod end should be enlarged in the same proportion and increased towing power is needed .. Then, it will be better to increase the ratio for increasing fishing efficiency without increasing towing power.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

Background: Various medical emergency situations can occur during dental practices. Cardiac arrest is known to comprise approximately 1% of emergency situation. Thus, it is necessary for dentists to be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to increase the chance of saving patient's life in emergency situation. In this paper, we conducted a survey study to evaluate to what extent dentists actually understood CPR practice and if they had experience in handling emergency situations in practice. Method: The survey was done for members of the Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology (KDSA), who had great interest in CPR and for whom survey-by-mail was convenient. We had selected 472 members of the KDSA with a dental license and whose office address and contact information were appropriate, and sent them a survey questionnaire by mail asking about the degree of their CPR understanding and if they had experience of handling emergency questions before. Statistical analyses -frequency analysis, chi-square test, ANOVA, and so on- were performed by use of IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for each question. Result: Among 472 people, 181 responded (38.4% response rate). Among the respondents were 134 male and 47 female dentists. Their average age was $40.4{\pm}8.4$. In terms of practice type, there were 123 private practitioners (68.0%), 20 professors (11.0%), 16 dentists-in-service (8.8%), 13 residents (specialist training) (7.2%) and 9 military doctors (5%). There were 125 dentists (69.1%) who were specialists or receiving training to be specialist, most of whom were oral surgeon (57, 31.5%) and pediatric dentists (56, 30.9%). There were 153 people (85.0%) who received CPR training before, and 65 of them (35.9%) were receiving regular training. When asked about the ratio of chest pressure vs mouth-to-mouth respiration when conducting CPR, 107 people (59.1%) answered 30:2. However, only 27.1% of them answered correctly for a question regarding CPR stages, C(Circulation)- A(Airway)- B(Breathing)- D(Defibrillation), which was defined in revised 2010 CPR practice guideline. Dentists who had experience of handling emergency situations in their practice were 119 (65.6%). The kinds of emergency situations they experienced were syncope (68, 37.6%), allergic reactions to local anesthetic (44, 24.3%), hyperventilation (43, 23.8%), seizure (25, 13.8%), hypoglycemia (15, 8.3%), breathing difficulty (14, 7.8%), cardiac arrest (11, 6.1%), airway obstruction (6, 3.3%), intake of foreign material and angina pectoris (4, 2.2%), in order of frequency. Most respondents answered that they handled the situation appropriately under the given emergency situation. In terms of emergency equipment they had blood pressure device (70.2%), pulse oximetry (69.6%), Bag-Valve-Mask (56.9%), emergency medicine (41.4%), intubation kit (29.8%), automated external defibrillator (23.2%), suction kit (19.3%) and 12 people (6.6%) did not have any equipment. In terms of confidence in handling emergency situation, with 1-10 point scale, their response was $4.86{\pm}2.41$ points. The average point of those who received regular training was $5.92{\pm}2.20$, while those who did not was $4.29{\pm}2.29$ points (P<0.001) Conclusion: The result showed they had good knowledge of CPR but the information they had was not up-to-date. Also, they were frequently exposed to the risk of emergency situation during their dental practice but the level of confidence in handling the emergency situation was intermediate. Therefore, regular training of CPR to prepare them for handling emergency situation is deemed necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1988

Stow nets have widely been used in the western sea of Korea from the olden age. The original structure of a stow net is a large square-sectional bag net made of 4 netting panels, and the front fringes of top and bottom panels are connected to the top and bottom beams respectively. Wire ropes, which is originated from the holding anchor are gradually forked and biforked, and finally 4 pieces of wire rope (biforked pendants) are jointed to each beam. Much convenience caused by long and heavy beams were problemed, then some studies have been carried out to improve the net since 1930's. The most effective improvement were achieved in 1980 by Mr. Han and his colleagues. The key point of improvement was that the beams were removed and the belt shaped shearing device made by canvas was attached to the side panels, the head rope and ground rope to the front fringe of top and bottom panel, and biforked pendants are joined to the shearing device. Even though this is the epoch-making improvement of a stow net, the further study should be required to find out more effective method. The authors carried out a model experiment on the stow net to determine the vertical and horizontal opening of a net mouth, and also examine the front, top and side-view configuration of the net. The model net was constructed depending on the Similarity Law of Fishing Gear in 1/10 and 1/20 scale and set against to the current at shallow and speedy flowing channel. The vertical and horizontal openings were determined by using scaled bamboo poles, and the configuration was observed by using specially prepared observation platform and underwater observation glass, and also photographed by using specially prepared underwater photographic equipment. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The opening height and width of the shearing device varied in accordance with the relative length of the biforked pendants. Considering the height and width of shearing device in 6 cases of the arrangement system of biforked pendants, the best result was obtained in the case that the 2nd, 3rd and 4th pendents from the bottom-most was 5%, 9% and 4% longer than that. 2. On the top-view configuration the excessive deformation of head rope and ground rope were observed. In the actual net, 54m long head rope and ground rope were attached to the front fringe of top and bottom panels so that the head rope may be lifted to make the net mouth open highly. But actually the head rope and the ground rope are streamed backward without any lift, and also the netting followed the ropes were deformed until the 2/5 in the whole length of the net. This deformation may be guessed to disturb the entrance of fish school into the net and also caused the net to get caught by obstacles in the sea bed and to be broken largely. 3. Hydrodynamic resistance R of the actual net may be deduced as R(kg)=29.2$\times$103 v1.65. It is also expressed as R(kg)=5.9$\times$d/l$\times$ab v1.65. depending on the formula deduced by Koyama to estimate the resistance of trawl nets, where d/l denote the ratio between diameter of netting twine and length of mesh leg in every part of side panel, a and b, the stretched circumference of the mouth and the stretched length of the net, respectively.