• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate the lesion of red internal organs in slaughtered pigs and provided assistant data for pig farms. During March to December 2015, a total of 1,160 lung samples out of 58 herds were collected randomly from pigs slaughtered in Jeonbuk province. In addition, 290 hilar lymph nodes from pig with pneumonic lung lesion (5 samples per herd) were screened for selected viral and bacterial pathogens. Gross lesions of lungs such as swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), pleuritis, pleuropneumonia, pericarditis and liver white spots were examined. The overall prevalence of SEP was 64.3% (746/1,160). In the analysis of seasonal prevalence, there was an increase of occurrence during the spring months (287/400, 71.8%) and decrease during the fall months (93/200, 46.5%) among the whole herds. The mean number of SEP score per pig was $1.20{\pm}1.28$. The prevalence of pleuropneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and milk spot was 25.5% (296/1,160), 44.1% (512/1,160), 3.8% (44/1,160) and 17.6% (204/1,160), respectively. The most frequent region with lung lesion was diaphragmatic lobes (left 17.1%, right 17.3%). In the detection of viral pathogens by PCR, porcine circovirus type2 (PCV2) was positive in 86.9% (252/290), while porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was not detected, In the case of bacterial pathogens, 50 microorganisms were isolated by PCR and/or microbiological test. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Streptococcus suis (20, 34.4%), followed by Pasteurella multocida (17, 29.3%), Streptococcus spp. (11, 3.4%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (2, 8.9%).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.603-615
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• 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) provides plant-derived proteins, soy vegetable oils, and various beneficial metabolites to humans and livestock. The importance of soybean is highly underlined, especially when carbon-negative sustainable agriculture is noticeable. However, many diseases by pests and pathogens threaten sustainable soybean production. Therefore, understanding molecular interaction between diverse cultivated varieties and pathogens is essential to developing disease-resistant soybean plants. Here, we established a pathosystem of the Korean domestic cultivar Kwangan against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. This bacterial strain caused apparent disease symptoms and grew well in trifoliate leaves of soybean plants. To examine the disease susceptibility of the cultivar, we analyzed transcriptional changes in soybean leaves on day 5 after P. syringae pv. syringae B728a infection. About 8,900 and 7,780 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in this study, and significant proportions of DEGs were engaged in various primary and secondary metabolisms. On the other hand, soybean orthologs to well-known plant immune-related genes, especially in plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction, were mainly reduced in transcript levels at 5 days post inoculation. These findings present the feature of the compatible interaction between cultivar Kwangan and P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, as a hemibiotroph, at the late infection phase. Collectively, we propose that P. syringae pv. syringae B728a successfully inhibits plant immune response in susceptible plants and deregulates host metabolic processes for their colonization and proliferation, whereas host plants employ diverse metabolites to protect themselves against infection with the hemibiotrophic pathogen at the late infection phase.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2023

The advantage of biofloc technology (BFT) in aquaculture is in the prevention of pathogenic transmission. In this study, we performed an investigation on viral, bacterial, and microsporidian parasite infections targeting a total of 194 whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in seven BFT-farms on the west coast of Korea in 2021. Hepatopancreatic and cuticular epithelium and pereiopods tissues of shrimp were tested for the four pathogens, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing Acute Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VP_AHPND), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). The microsporidian parasite EHP was detected in the hepatopancreatic tissue of BFT whiteleg shrimp in the Ganghwa region, whereas no other pathogenic bacteria or virus was detected on the shrimp in the seven BFT-farms. As a result of bacterial flora in the rearing water of BFT whiteleg shrimp using DNA microbiome technology, V. chemaguriensis and V. alfacsensis were contained at 0.05% and 0.01%, respectively, but no VP_AHPND was detected. These findings will serve as a basis for supporting safe BFT-aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2014

저온은 식물 생장을 저해하는 주된 요인이며 병원균에 대한 감수성을 증가시킨다. 그러므로 식물체에서 스트레스 내성을 증대시키는 것은 불리한 환경 조건에서 살아남기 위한 중요한 전략이다. 본 실험의 목적은 고추 묘에서 저온 내성과 식물병 발생에 대한 외생 살리실산(SA)과 일산화질소(NO) 처리의 효과를 밝히는 것이다. 정식 후 23일 동안 고추 묘(Capsicum annuum L. '기대만발')는 온도 $20/25^{\circ}C$(낮/밤), 광주기 15시간, 광도 $145{\pm}5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 정상적인 생육환경에서 자랐다. 1주일에 2번 계면활성제 0.1%를 포함한 SA와 NO 3mL을 고추 묘에 각각 분사해주었다. 처리 후 고추 묘는 암 상태에서 6시간 동안 $4^{\circ}C$ 저온에 노출시킨 후 정상적인 생육환경에서 2일 동안 회복시켜주었다. 저온 스트레스에 대한 식물 내성을 평가하기 위해 저온 처리 후 생육특성, 엽록소 형광 값, 세포막 투과성을 측정하였다. 총 페놀릭 농도와 항산화도는 실험하는 동안 측정하였다. 또한, 고추의 점무늬병과 풋마름병 발생 정도도 조사하였다. 저온 처리 전 후를 비교하여 대조구 고추묘에서는 저온에 의해 상대적으로 많은 수분을 손실하여 건물율이 높지만 SA와 NO 처리 된 고추 묘는 비슷한 건물율을 유지하였다. 저온 처리 후 대조구에 비해 SA와 NO 처리구의 전해질 유출 값은 더 낮았다. 저온 처리 동안 SA와 NO 처리구의 엽록소 형광값은 약 0.8 수준으로 유지하였지만 대조구는 빠르게 감소하였다. 화학적 처리 동안 SA 처리구의 총 페놀릭 농도와 항산화도는 NO 처리구보다 높았다. 또한 저온 처리 후 대조구와 NO 처리구의 총 페놀릭 농도는 증가하였다. 고추에서 풋마름병에 대한 저항성은 SA가 보다 효과적이었다. 본 실험의 결과는 SA와 NO의 외생처리는 고추 묘의 저온 내성을 증대시켰고 병 발생 정도를 감소시키는 데 효과적이었음을 보여준다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

2012년 11월 국가관리세균병인 딸기세균모무늬병 발생 분포를 조사하였다. 충청남도와 제주도를 제외한 전국 1,482농가포장을 조사한 결과, 경남 진주시 수곡면, 하동군 옥종면 88농가포장과 전북 남원 1농가포장에서 병이 발생되었다. 남원에서 발생된 포장은 병 진단 후 폐원되었다. 2012년 2월에서 2015년 1월까지 경남 진주시 수곡면과 하동군 옥종면의 딸기세균모무늬병 발생을 조사하였다. 2012년 12월 조사에서 수곡면은 45% 발생 후 감소하여 2015년 1월까지 약 5% 발생되었고, 옥종면은 2013년 11월 38% 발생후 감소하여 2015년 1월 약 5% 발생하였다. 분리된 세균의 특성을 조사하였다. 생리생확학적 특성은 X. fragariae 대표 균주와 일치하였다. 딸기세균모무늬병균의 dnaK (940 bp), fyuA (698 bp), gyrB (865 bp), rpoD (873 bp) 유전자들을 대상으로 3374 bp 염기의 MLSA 분석 결과를 딸기세균모무늬병 대표 균주와 비교한 결과 모든 유전자는 100% 일치하였다. X. fragariae BC3191과 BC3195에 대한 딸기 품종의 저항성을 조사하였다. 조사된 모든 품종은 딸기세균모무늬병에 감수성이었다. 모든 품종들은 접종 2주 후 접종 부위가 괴저되고 확장되어 저항성 등급 4로 평가되었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

2012년 5월에서 11월 사이에 우리나라 넙치, 조피볼락, 무지개송어, 뱀장어, 흰다리새우, 전복 양식장에서 발생하는 폐사피해를 표본조사를 통해 모니터링하였다. 조사의 방식은 해당 양식장과 거래하고 있거나 관계를 맺고 있는 전국의 수산질병관리사 조사요원의 직접 현장 방문을 통한 면접과 표준 매뉴얼을 통한 진단을 통하여 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 넙치 양식장에서는 총 27.9%의 누적 피해율을 보여주었고, 이중 스쿠티카병, 연쇄구균병, VHS, 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사, 비브리오병, 활주세균병의 순으로 폐사피해가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 조피볼락 양식장에서는 13.6%의 누적 피해율을 보여주었고, 아가미 흡충병, 연쇄구균병, 비브리오병, 활주세균병, 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사 순의 폐사피해가 나타났다. 무지개송어의 경우 총 17.1%의 피해율을 기록하였고, 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사와 백점병이 주된 폐사 원인으로 집계되었다. 뱀장어의 경우 비교적 낮은 0.6%의 피해율을 기록하였으며, 에드워드병, 백점병, 아가미흡충병이 주된 피해요인이었다. 흰다리새우는 71.2%의 피해율을 보였으며, 대부분 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사으로 집계되었고, 바이러스성 흰반점병도 12.5%의 피해를 준 것으로 나타났다. 전복의 경우 10.7%의 피해율 모두가 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사 피해인 것으로 조사되었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.432-443
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• 2005

Microarray technology has contributed Significantly to the understanding of bacterial genetics and transcriptional regulation. One neglected aspect of this technology has been optimization of microarray-generated signals and quality of generated information. Full genome microarrays were developed for Clostridium acetobutylicum through spotting of PCR products that were designed with minimal homology with all other genes within the genome. Using statistical analyses it is demonstrated that Signal quality is significantly improved by increasing the hybridization volume. possibly increasing the effective number of transcripts available to bind to a given spot, while changes in labeled probe amounts were found to be less sensitive to improving signal quality. In addition to Q-RT-PCR, array validation was tested by examining the transcriptional program of a mutant (M5) strain lacking the pSOL1 178-gene megaplasmid relative to the wildtype (WT) strain. Under optimal conditions, it is demonstrated that the fraction of false positive genes is 1% when considering differentially expressed genes and 7% when considering all genes with signal above background. To enhance genomic-scale understanding of organismal physiology, using data from these microarrays we estimated that $40{\sim}55%$ of the C. acetobutylicum genome is expressed at any time during batch culture, similar to estimates made for Bacillus subtilis.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

2003년은 냉해의 해였다. 3월부터 7월까지 저온이 지속되었고 생육기 내내 비가 자주 내려 강수량은 평년의 1.6배 일조시간은 평년의 68％ 수준이었다. 이 때문에 벼도 열병, 흰잎마름병이 심하게 발생하였고 강우에 의해 전반되는 역병이 대발생하여 고추의 경우 전국 재배면적의 55％가 피해를 입었다. 이외에 저온다습 조건에서 발생이 많은 잿빛곰팡이병 균핵병, 노균병이 전년에 비해 크게 증가하였고 과수의 경우 사과갈색무늬병, 배검은별무늬병이 대발생하여 큰 피해를 가져왔다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2012

Bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla (VHb) is recognized as a good fusion protein for the soluble expression of foreign protein. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against VHb for its detection. For the rapid screening of MAb, a protein chip technology based on the Alexa-488 (A488) dye labeling method was introduced. In order to fabricate the chip, the VHb protein was chemically coupled to the chip surface and then the culture supernatants of 84 hybridoma cell lines were spotted onto the VHb chip. The bound MAbs were measured by A488-modified anti-mouse IgG. A single spot (MAb A10) exhibited significantly high signal intensity. The immunoblot analysis evidenced that the MAb A10 can detect VHb-fused proteins with high specificity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2002

Graft transmission and cytopathological studies of a severe pear disease, pear black necrotic leafspot（PBNLS), were carried out to determine the causal agent of the disease. No evidence was found that a fungal or bacterial pathogen could be the causal agent of the disease. Attempts to transmit the agent by sap-inoculation to other plants including herbaceous hosts failed. How-ever, the pathogen was readily graft-transmitted from symptomatic diseased pears to healthy pears. Graft transmission of the pathogen was also demonstrated by using an indicator plant, PS-95, developed in the laboratory through various grafting methods. Ultrastructural study of the disease revealed the consistent presence of flexuous rod-shaped virus-like particles (VLP) in the symptomatic leaves of both Niitaka cultivar and indicator pear, PS-95. The particles, approximately 12 nm in diameter with undetermined length, occurred in the cytoplasm of mesophyll parenchyma cells. Cells with VLPs also contained fibril-containing vesicles, which are common in cells infected with plant viruses with ssRNA genome. The vesicles were formed at the tonoplast. Based on the symptomatology, the presence of fibril-containing vesicles, and graft-transmissibility, it is believed that the VLPs that occurred on symptomatic leaves of black necrotic leafspot of pear are viral in nature, possibly those of a capillovirus.