• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

In the present study, four distinctly colored bacterial isolates that show intense pigmentation upon brief ultraviolet (UV) light exposure are chosen. The strains are identified as Micrococcus luteus (Milky yellow), Cryseobacterium pallidum (Yellow), Cryseobacterium spp. (Golden yellow), and Kocuria turfanensis (Pink) based on their morphological and 16S rDNA analysis. Moderate salinity (1.25%), 25-37℃ temperature, and pH of 7.2 are found to be the most favorable conditions of growth and pigment production for all the selected isolates. The pigments are extracted using methanol: chloroform (1:1) and the purity of the pigments are confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy indicate their resemblance with carotenoids and flexirubin family. The antioxidant activities of the pigments are estimated, and, all the pigments have shown significant antioxidant efficacy in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The UV protective property of the pigments is determined by cling-film assay, wherein, at least 25% of UV sensitive Escherichia coli survive with bio-pigments even after 90 seconds of UV exposure compared to control. The pigments also hold a good sun protective factor (SPF) value (1.5-4.9) which is calculated with the Mansur equation. Based on these results, it can be predicted that these bacterial pigments can be further developed into a promising antioxidant and UV-protectant for several biomedical applications.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease are bacterial infectious disease, mainly caused by plaque, a bacterial colony deposited on the tooth surface and gum tissue. Dental plaque disclosants easily stain the dental plaque, making them effective for scaling and tooth brushing education. As the erythrosine typically contained in dental plaque disclosants is highly cytotoxic, a low toxicity additive is needed. In this study, we aimed to examine the natural pigments with negligible cytotoxicity but can effectively stain the dental plaques for use in dental plaque disclosants. Methods: The pigmentation of eight types of natural pigments was tested on bovine tongue and teeth, as well as on head and neck tissue sections of experimental ICR mice. The cytotoxicity of gingival epithelial cells was measured via MTT assay. Pigmentation was performed on the bovine tongue and tooth surface. Pigmentation in the oral environment was observed in four mandibular incisors. A 2 Tone was used as a control. Results: Of the eight types of natural pigments, purple and blue pigments were effective in coloring dental plaques on the enamel surface as well as in the head and neck tissue sections. Additionally, purple and blue pigments were visible on the surface of the bovine tongue. Red, pink, orange, green, purple, and yellow pigments showed strong cytotoxicity, whereas brown and blue pigments had relatively low cytotoxicity. Blue pigment was effective in staining the dental plaque of four mandibular incisors. Conclusion: We suggest that the blue pigment derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae), which is effective for coloring dental plaques and has low cytotoxicity, is useful as a naturally derived dental disclosant.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1994

천연의 녹색 색소를 개발하기 위하여 Rhodopseudomonas viridis DSM 133이 생산하는 색소의 물리적, 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 가시광선 범위에서의 흡수특성을 측정한 결과 이 색소는 흡수극대가 378, 414 및 677 nm인 3개의 main peak와 510, 540 및 618 nm인 3개의 minor peak를 확인할 수 있었으며 전반적으로 녹색색조를 나타내었다. 색소는 산성 영역 보다는 알카리 영역, 즉 pH $6.0{\sim}9.0$에서 보다 안정한 경향을 보였다. 그러나 광선과 산소 존재 하에서는 색소의 파괴가 촉진되었다. $40^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 안정하였고, $Fe^{3+}$ 및 $Al^{3+}$에 의해서는 색조의 저하와 함께 혼탁이 발생되었으나 $Cu^{2+}$에 의해서는 안정성이 유지되었다. 본 색소는 TLC결과 4종의 색소로 구성되어 있었으며 주 색소는 F-4와 F-2로 나타났다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.98.2-99
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• 2003

Bacterial canker of sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) was observed in farmers' orchard in Goesan, Chungbuk in 2003. Typical canker symptom occurred on the branches or twigs of sweet cherry in early spring and bacterial exudates oozed out of the cracked barks of diseased trees. Watersoaked brown symptom appeared on the leaves and severe infection caused thorough defoliation on the branches or twigs of sweet cherry. When cut the severely infected branches or twigs, irregular and rusty-colored symptoms in sapwood and heartwood were clearly found, indicating that they could serve as specific symptoms of bacterial canker of sweet cherry. The gram negative, aerobic bacterium isolated from the lesion produced fluorescent pigments on King's B agar medium but did not grow at 37$^{\circ}C$ The bacterium formed Levan-type colonies, and showed negative reactions in oxidase reaction, arginine dihydrolysis test, and pectolytic activity Based on the biochemical and pathological characteristics, the causal organism was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum. This is the first report on bacterial canker of sweet cherry in Korea.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2011

밤, 고구마, 우엉 등의 일부 식물체를 오랜 시간 보관하거나 가공하는 과정에서 표면에 녹변화합물이 형성된다. 본 연구에서는 이때 형성되는 녹변화합물이 유전독성 가능성을 내포한 novel trihydroxy acridine 유도체로서, 녹변화합물에 대한 복귀돌연변이시험을 수행하였다. 시험은 Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 균주를 이용하였고 대사활성계 적용 유무에 따른 시험을 모두 수행하였다. 시험에 사용된 녹변화합물은 알라닌, 아르기닌, 아스파트산, 글라이신, 라이신, 페닐알라닌과 클로로겐산을 사용한 합성 및 고구마를 매트릭스로 하여 녹변화합물을 형성한 후 추출하는 두가지 방법을 통하여 준비하였다. 합성 녹변화합물과 추출 녹변화합물의 최대 처리 용량은 생육저해시험과 용해도, 흡광도를 고려 하여 각각 2000 ${\mu}g$/lplate, 50 ${\mu}g$plate로 결정 하였다. 녹변화합물 합성 과정 후 잔존하는 아미노산들과 클로로겐산의 영향을 배제하고자 이들을 또 다른 시험군으로 설정하고 각각 250 ${\mu}g$/plate, 1750 ${\mu}g$/plate의 농도로 처리하여 복귀돌연변이시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 두 균주에서 농도에 의존적으로 콜로니 수가 증가하는 경향은 관찰되지 않았으며, 음성대조군 수치와 비교하여 두 배 이상의 콜로니 수도 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 합성 녹변화합물과 추출 녹변화합물은 본 시험 조건에서 복귀돌연변이를 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2019

In this study, the stability of the extracted natural pigments against light, temperature, pH, metal ions, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated in marine bacteria Zooshikella sp. 17TA. The pigment of the strain used in the study was red with maximum absorption at a wavelength of 541 nm. The stability of the pigment was evaluated by measuring the absorbance while preserving for 15 days and examining the retention rate. After 15 days of irradiation, the pigment of this bacterium showed 98% retention in the dark and 91% retention in the temperature range of -20℃ ~ 30℃. When the pH was in the range 4-7, the retention was about 80%, and the retention rate was higher than 85% for all kinds of metal ions except for CuCl₂, ZnCl₂, and KCl. The bacterial pigments showed high stability under the given irradiated pH, temperature, and metal ion conditions and had shown activity against gram-positive strains. These results suggest that this highly conserved microbial pigment can be applied to the food industry.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1992

The cells of Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis were transformed by Agrobactrium tumefaciens strain 11157. Surface-sterilized young leaves and stems of the plants were cocultivated with bacterial suspensions. Crown galls induced from stems were cultured with variation of culturing conditions and compared with untransformed cells. The growth rates and production of anthraquinone pigments of cells were remarkably improved by transformation. Furthermore, hairy roots were induced by inoculation or cocultivation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1752-1757
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• 2008

한국의 제주도와 서해안 염전의 해수로 부터 각각 빨강 (JU11-1), 노랑(JU14), 주황(TA20)의 색소를 생성하는 3 균주를 분리하였으며, 이들의 분류학적 특성 및 16S rRNA 서열 분석 결과 3 균주 모두 Pseudoalteromonas 속 세균으로 밝혀졌다. 이들 각각의 색소 최대 흡수파장은 각각 537, 378, 387 nm로 나타났다. 균주는 Marine broth 2216에서 잘 자랐으며, $30^{\circ}C$, 2% NaCl, pH 6-7 의 조건에서 Ju11-1과 Ju14는 배양 24 시간에, TA20은 배양 28 시간에 최대 색소 생성을 나타냈다. 탄소원으로 maltose를 1% 첨가하였을 경우 색소 생성이 우수하였으며, 질소원으로는 beef extract를 1% 첨가하였을 경우 최적의 색소 생성을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.989-1002
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• 2022

Cephalopods, in particular octopus (Octopus vulgaris), have the ability to alter their appearance or body pattern by showing a wide range of camouflage by virtue of their chromatophores, which contain nanostructured granules of ommochrome pigments. Recently, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ommochromes have become of great interest; therefore, in this study, the pH-dependent redox effect of the extraction solvent on the antioxidant potential and the structural characterization of the pigments were evaluated. Cell viability was determined by the microdilution method in broth by turbidity, MTT, resazurin, as well as fluorescence microscopy kit assays. A Live/Dead Double Staining Kit and an ROS Kit were used to elucidate the possible inhibitory mechanisms of ommochromes against bacterial and fungal strains. The results obtained revealed that the redox state alters the color changes of the ommochromes and is dependent on the pH in the extraction solvent. Natural phenoxazinone (ommochromes) is moderately toxic to the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Candida albicans, while the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, Alternaria spp. and Fusarium verticillioides, were tolerant to these pigments. UV/visible spectral scanning and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggest the presence of reduced ommatin in methanol/ HCl extract with high intrinsic fluorescence.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2001

This study investigated the dyeability on silk, wool and rotten fabrics dyed with Magnolia liliflora leafs. In addition, the fastness of washing, perspiration, rubbing, drycleaning and the effects of its pigment on bacterial reduction and uv-B protection were also investigated. The results were as follows : It was found that uv-visible absorption spectrum showed two strong absorption peaks in the range of $250{\sim}340nm$. The optimum dyeing condition of the pigments extracted from the Magnolia liliflora leafs was dyeing with 0.5% mordants and three repeated dyeing at $95^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. When the wool fabric was dyed with Magnolia liliflora leaf, dyeing properties was the best among the three fabrics. Washing fastness of dyed fabrics was very low, drycleaning fastness was good and the other fastness were good. Light fastness of three fabrics dyed by Magnolia liliflora leafs increased by mordant treatment, especially copper sulfate treatment. The bacterial reduction and uv-B protection of dyed wool fabric with Magnolia liliflora leafs also increased.