• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.771-781
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• 1997

In order to solve the problem of uncovered background region due to the region-due to the region-based motion estimation, this paper presents a new method which generates the uncovered region memory using motion estimation and shows the application of the algorithm for very low bit rate video coding. The proposed algorithm can be briefly described as follows it detects the changed region by using the information of FD(frame difference) and segmentation, and then as for only that region the backward motion estimation without transmission of shape information is done. Therefore, from only motion information the uncovered background region memory is generated and updated. The contents stored in the uncovered background region memory are referred whenever the uncovered region comes into existence. The regions with large prediction error are transformed and coded by using DCT. As results of simulation, the proposed algorithm shows the superior improvement in the subjective and objective image quality due to the remarkable reduction of transmission bits for prediction error.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.324-327
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• 1996

This paper describes the robust controller design methods applied to the problem of an automatic system for tow-vehicle/trailer combinations. This study followed an inverse Linear Quadratic Regulator(LQR) approach which combines pole assignment methods with conventional LOR methods. It overcomes two concerns associated with these separate methods. It overcomes the robustness problems associated with pole placement methods and trial and error required in the application of the LQR problem. Moreover, a Kalman filter is used as the observer, but is modified by using the loop transfer recovery (LTR) technique with modified transmission zero assignment. The proposed inverse LQG,/LTR controllers enhances the forward motion stability and maneuverability of the combination vehicles. At high speeds, where the inherent yaw damping of the vehicle system decreases, the controller operates to maintain an adequate level of yaw damping. At backward moton, both 4WS (2WS tow-vehicle, 2WS trailer) and 6WS (4WS tow-vehicle, 2WS trailer) control laws are proposed by using inverse LQG/LTR method. To evaluate the stability and robustness of the proposed controllers, simulations for both forward and backward motion were conducted using a detailed nonlinear model. The proposed controllers are significantly more robust than the previous controllers and continues to operate effectively in spite of parameter perturbations that would cause previous controllers to enters limit cycles or to loose stability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters and muscle activity of the lower extremities between forward walking on sand (FWS) and backward walking on sand (BWS) in normal adults. Methods: This study was conducted on 13 healthy adults. Subjects performed FWS and BWS and the spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters of stride time, stride length, velocity, cadence, step length, stance, swing, double support, and hip range of motion (ROM), knee ROM were measured by a wearable inertial measurement unit system. In addition, the muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GA) was measured. Results: The stride length, stride velocity, cadence, and step length in the BWS were significantly lower than FWS (p<0.05), and stride time was significantly greater (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio of stance, swing, and double support between the two (p>0.05). The kinematic gait parameters, including hip and knee joint range of motion in BWS, were significantly lower than FWS (p<0.05). The muscle activity of the RF in BWS was significantly higher than FWS (p<0.05), but the muscle activity of the BF, TA, GA did not show any significant differences between the two movements (p>0.05). Conclusion: A strategy to increase stability by changing the gait parameters is used in BWS, and this study confirmed that BWS was a safe and effective movement to increase RF muscle activity without straining the joints. Therefore, BWS can be recommended for effective activation of the RF.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2000

This paper presents an effective approach to collision-free motion planning of a robot in the work-space including time-varying obstacles. The free arc is defined as a set composed of the configuration points of the robot satisfying collision-free motion constraint at each sampling time. We represent this free arc with respect to the new coordinate frame centered at the goal configuration and there for the collision-free path satisfying motion constraint is obtained by connecting the configuration points of the free arc at each sampling mined from the sequence of free arcs the optimality is determined by the performance index. Therefore the complicated collision-free motion planning problem of a robot is transformed to a simplified SUB_Optimal Collision Avoidance Problem(SOCAP). We analyze the completeness of the proposed approach and show that it is partly guaranteed using the backward motion. Computational complexity of our approach is analyzed theoretically and practical computation time is compared with that of the other method. Simulation results for two cally and practical computation time is compared with that of the other method. Simulation results for two SCARA robot manipulators are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

This work examines the fundamental vibrational characteristics of a spinning CNT-based nano-rotor assuming a nonlocal elasticity Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The rotary inertia, gyroscopic, and rotor mass unbalance effects are all taken into consideration in the beam model. Assuming a nonlocal theory, two coupled 6th-order partial differential equations governing the vibration of the rotating SWCNT are first derived. In order to acquire the natural frequencies and dynamic response of the nano-rotor system, the nonlinear equations of motion are numerically solved. The nano-rotor system frequency spectrum is shown to exhibit two distinct frequencies: one positive and one negative. The positive frequency is known as to represent the forward whirling mode, whereas the negative characterizes the backward mode. First, the results obtained within the framework of this numerical study are compared with few existing data (i.e., molecular dynamics) and showed an overall acceptable agreement. Then, a thorough and detailed parametric study is carried out to study the effect of several parameters on the nano-rotor frequencies such as: the nanotube radius, the input angular velocity and the small scale parameters. It is shown that the vibration characteristics of a spinning SWCNT are significantly influenced when these parameters are changed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Video FRUC (Frame Rate Up Conversion) has been a technique of great interest due to its diversified applications in consumer electronics. Most advanced FRUC algorithms adopt a motion interpolation technique to determine the motion vector field of interpolated frames. But, in some applications, it is necessary to evaluate how well the MCI (Motion Compensated Interpolation) frame is reconstructed. For this aim, this paper proposes a distortion estimation for motion compensated interpolation frame using frame-adaptive distortion estimation. The proposed method is applied for the symmetric motion estimation and compensated scheme and then analyzed by three different approaches, that is, forward estimation, backward estimation and adaptive bi-directional estimation schemes. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed bi-directional estimation method outperforms others and can be effectively applied for FRUC.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematical characteristics of gymnasts who can perform the KOVACS skill, and to grope for the better KOVACS Piked motion. The subjects were 3 male national gymnasts and were filmed with video cameras. And kinematic data were collected from the event of maximum knee flexion to the re-grasp the bar after airborne motion during KOVACS Piked motion. And the following conclusion were drawn; S1 took the enough time and inadequate height for performing KOVACS Piked motion. S2 showed the inadequate time and height during airborne motion with the large forward-backward and left-right movement. S3 showed the better KOVACS Piked movement among gymnasts, but the weak point of S3 was the large left-right shift. Based on the above conclusions, the gymnasts should be trained the enough time and height for the effective airborne movement and to reduce the left-right movement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.243-246
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• 2000

Productivty of tapping has been increasing through the tcchnological advances in synchronization between spindle rotation and feed motion even in the high spindle speed. However, not much researches have been conducted about tapping process because its complicate cutting mechanism. In order ta investigate the characteristics of the tapping process, this paper concentrates on the analysis of curting torque behavior during one cycle of lapping. As one completc thread is performed through the whole chamfer ercuttlng, cutting torque increases highly in chamfer cutting, but smaothly in full thread cutting Functioning of the threads guide. Cutting torque in backward cutting is smaller than in Sorwerd cutting due to only friction farce in against between the tool and workpiece. And torque behavior of a periodic Sine ripple-mark was identified during one revolution of a tap.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2005

In this study, the leaflet motion of a mechanical heart valve and the characteristics of two-dimensional transient blood flow in an elastic blood vessel have been numerically investigated by using fluid-structure interaction method. Here, blood has been assumed as a Newtonian, incompressible fluid. Pressure profiles have been used as boundary conditions at the ventricle and the aorta. As a result, closing motion of the leaflet is faster than opening one. While opening angles of leaflet grow up, vortex is detected at the sinus and backward of the leaflets. When the leaflet is fully closed, vortex is detected at the ventricle and at that moment maximum displacement of the elastic blood vessel is observed in the vicinity of the sinus region. Maximum displacement is caused in association with the blood flow that is oriented toward the elastic blood vessel.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.257-257
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• 2000

The objective of this research is to monitor and control the vehicle motion in order to remove out the existing safety risk based upon the human-machine cooperative vehicle control. A predictive control method is proposed to control the steering wheel of the vehicle to keep the lane. Desired angle of the steering wheel to control the vehicle motion could be calculated based upon vehicle dynamics, current and estimated pose of the vehicle every sample steps. The vehicle pose and the road curvature were calculated by geometrically fusing sensor data from camera image, tachometer and steering wheel encoder though the Perception Net, where not only the state variables, but also the corresponding uncertainties were propagated in forward and backward direction in such a way to satisfy the given constraint condition, maintain consistency, reduce the uncertainties, and guarantee robustness. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the control performance, in which a car Like robot was utilized to quit unwanted safety problem. As the results, the robot was keeping very well a given lane with arbitrary shape at moderate speed.