• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.611-618
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• 2009

Road construction has been worked on by focusing on cost effectiveness such as the reduction of construction costs without understanding the natural environment and ecosystems. In addition, since ecosystems have been destroyed and the habitats of animals and plants have been isolated, wild animals have sought other habitats or have moved into isolated habitats. Thus, issues such as roadkills or the extermination of species are increasingly occurring. Based on this background, the development and application of a general assessment method need to be researched in order to verify whether or not spaces or habitats where animals can be inhabited and their species can be maintained exist. The purpose of this study is to develop an ecosystem map where a conservation value evaluation method considering the functions of an ecosystem where animals live as well as the naturalness of ecosystems is used and can be made into a drawing. The items applied to evaluate the habitat conservation values were naturalness, rarity, and functionality, and sub-items for evaluation were created. GIS as well as the evaluation items were used to create a digital map about the level of importance based on the evaluation criteria. The created digital map showed that it was not limited to the adjustment or distribution of the fauna and flora but was applicable for a general ecosystem evaluation method for the conservation of habitats. It is expected that the isolation of habitats would be able to be minimized if the digital map is used for road construction projects. The digital map is deemed to be able to be used for the construction of environmentally friendly roads, which will minimize the destruction of ecosystems and the isolation of habitats for creatures.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2017

Among available people counting methods, map-based approaches based on moving interest points have shown good performance. However, the stationary people counting is challenging in such methods since all static points of interest are considered as background. To include stationary people in counting, it is needed to discriminate between the static points of stationary people and the background region. In this paper, we propose a people counting method based on using both moving and static points. The proposed method separates the moving and static points by motion information. Then, the static points of the stationary people are classified using foreground mask processing and point pattern analysis. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method provides more accurate count estimation by including stationary people. Also, the background updating is enabled to solve the static point misclassification problem due to background changes.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2013

In this paper, we analyze the effect of the depth perception, volume perception and visual discomfort according to the change of the quality of the depth image and the depth of the major object. For the analysis, a 2D image was converted to eighteen 3D images using depth images generated based on the different depth position of a major object and background, which were represented in three detail levels. The subjective test was carried out using eighteen 3D images so that the degrees of the depth perception, volume perception and visual discomfort recognized by the subjects were investigated according to the change in the depth position of the major object and the quality of depth map. The absolute depth position of a major object and the relative depth difference between background and the major object were adjusted in three levels, respectively. The details of the depth map was also represented in three levels. Experimental results showed that the quality of the depth image differently affected the depth perception, volume perception and visual discomfort according to the absolute and relative depth position of the major object. In the case of the cardboard depth image, it severely damaged the volume perception regardless of the depth position of the major object. Especially, the depth perception was also more severely deteriorated by the cardboard depth image as the major object was located inside the screen than outside the screen. Furthermore, the subjects did not felt the difference of the depth perception, volume perception and visual comport from the 3D images generated by the detail depth map and by the rough depth map. As a result, it was analyzed that the excessively detail depth map was not necessary for enhancement of the stereoscopic perception in the 2D-to-3D conversion.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2011

Parallel imaging technique can provide several advantages for a multitude of MRI applications. Especially, in SENSE technique, sensitivity maps were always required in order to determine the reconstruction matrix, therefore, a number of difference approaches using sensitivity information from coils have been demonstrated to improve of image quality. Moreover, many filtering methods were proposed such as adaptive matched filter and nonlinear diffusion technique to optimize the suppression of background noise and to improve of image quality. In this study, we performed SENSE reconstruction using computer simulations to confirm the most suitable method for the feasibility of filtering effect and according to changing order of polynomial fit that were applied on variation of spatial resolution of sensitivity map. The image was obtained at 0.32T(Magfinder II, Genpia, Korea) MRI system using spin-echo pulse sequence(TR/TE = 500/20 ms, FOV = 300 mm, matrix = $128{\times}128$, thickness = 8 mm). For the simulation, obtained image was multiplied with four linear-array coil sensitivities which were formed of 2D-gaussian distribution and the image was complex white gaussian noise was added. Image processing was separated to apply two methods which were polynomial fitting and filtering according to spatial resolution of sensitivity map and each coil image was subsampled corresponding to reduction factor(r-factor) of 2 and 4. The results were compared to mean value of geomety factor(g-factor) and artifact power(AP) according to r-factor 2 and 4. Our results were represented while changing of spatial resolution of sensitivity map and r-factor, polynomial fit methods were represented the better results compared with general filtering methods. Although our result had limitation of computer simulation study instead of applying to experiment and coil geometric array such as linear, our method may be useful for determination of optimal sensitivity map in a linear coil array.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.449-454
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• 2004

Nowadays, flood hazard maps have been generated to minimize the loss of human lives due to flooding domestically. To generate the flood hazard maps, LiDAR data have mainly been used to provide topographic data. The LiDAR data requires, however, relatively higher cost and processing time. Therefore, the needs of validating possible use of topographic maps as an alternative source of LiDAR, which have been already existed from the NGIS project over the nation, has been raised. In this background, this study has generated a DEM over City of Kuri as a pilot study using conventional 1:1,000 and 1:5,000 topographic maps emphasizing the linkage of river profile with breakline processing algorithm to build the essential topographic data as accurate as possible. The results showed that the RMSE from topographic maps and LiDAR were 3.49 and 2.282 meter, respectively. Further study needs to be made to decide possible use of topographic maps instead of LiDAR including more easier updating of topographic maps to support flood map generation. In addition, 1:1,000 topographic mapping, which is limited to the urban areas so far, needs to be extended to the river areas.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

In the environment of emphasizing creativity, computer application instruction model is in demand which is developed for the group discussion, enlarging the range of thinking, and creativity. The purpose of this study is to develop a PBL-based computer application instruction model concerning creativity after researching problems during the use of computer education by group. The theoretical background of class model is PBL, and the efficiency and creativity of class is considered while using web-mind map as the tool for the discussion and data sharing. As a result of applying the suggested model to the students enrolled in the production of presentation instruction, it made probabilistic meaningful outcome where complaint with communication, data sharing, role sharing, difference of contribution, excessive run-time and etc. were reduced.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.104-112
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• 2019

This study proposed a robust detection algorithm. It detects face more stably with respect to changes in light and rotation forthe identification of a face shape. The proposed algorithm uses face shape asinput information in a single camera environment and divides only face area through preprocessing process. However, it is not easy to accurately recognize the face area that is sensitive to lighting changes and has a large degree of freedom, and the error range is large. In this paper, we separated the background and face area using the brightness difference of the two images to increase the recognition rate. The brightness difference between the two images means the difference between the images taken under the bright light and the images taken under the dark light. After separating only the face region, the face shape is recognized by using the self-organization feature map (SOFM) algorithm. SOFM first selects the first top neuron through the learning process. Second, the highest neuron is renewed by competing again between the highest neuron and neighboring neurons through the competition process. Third, the final top neuron is selected by repeating the learning process and the competition process. In addition, the competition will go through a three-step learning process to ensure that the top neurons are updated well among neurons. By using these SOFM neural network algorithms, we intend to implement a stable and robust real-time face shape recognition system in face shape recognition.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.520-523
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• 2009

There are many ways to judge whether the input image is adult-image or not. Until now, adult image detection has been examined by the ratio of skin area in full image. In this paper, we propose a method to extract skin region in YCbCr. Skin region shows unique distribution in YCbCr, and we will separate the skin region from background using the distribution. First, we are going to find Eye zone using Eye-Map. Then we will find out the color value for the distribution of skin region using the color of Eye zone. Next, we will find the distribution of the area through the skin region in full-image.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.423-430
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• 2003

Generally, elements of DRM(Digital Road Map) consist of road, background and landmark data. The landmark, expressed as text and symbol, on map and additional search data are processed by GISSD(Geo-spatial Information System Service Data). This paper aims to develop the DBMS(Database Management System) for operating landmark and search data, and to discuss the characteristics and application of the DBMS. To accomplish the two objectives, the following four tasks were performed in this study. First, the working scopes of field survey and specification to construct the GISSD were defined. Second, the suggested process of manufacture and design of database were described. Third, the software for required construction and management of the system were developed. Lastly, the properties of developed system and data were analyzed. Especially, the efforts for the GISSD in this study are expected to provide a direct use and practical application to the creation of landmark in DRM and search data.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2001

Background: This prospective study was designed to compare the cardiovascular response to endotracheal insertion of either an orotracheal tube or a nasotracheal tube Methods: 120 ASA physical status I and II surgical patients requiring general anesthesia and tracheal intubation were studied and assigned to two groups: orotracheal intubation group (n = 60) and nasotracheal intubation group (n = 60). Patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and glycopyrrolate 0.005 mg/kg intramuscularly and anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 0.1 mg/kg intravenously. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP). mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed noninvasively before induction of anesthesia and immediately after intubation, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, and 5 min after intubation. Results: Cardiovascular responses such as SBP, DBP, MAP and HR were similar for both techniques and no significant differences between two groups were observed until 5 min after intubation. Conclusions: In healthy ASA I and II patients with normal blood pressure, induction doses of thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 0.1 mg/kg didn't attenuated the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Insertion of an endotracheal tube may be the most invasive stimulus during intubation procedures. (JKDSA 2001; 1: 10-15)