• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.908-919
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate what kind of background concepts is necessary to help that high school students easily understand meiosis and to find out how these background concepts affect students' understanding of meiosis. To achieve these objectives, first this study surveyed meiosis background concepts that high school teachers think. Based on 8 background concepts - nuclear phases, chromosome, mitosis, reproduction, gamete, gene, mother/daughter cell - of previous survey, the questionnaire was made for the 10th(724) and 11th(862) grade students and then was analyzed for the effect of meiosis background concepts on the high school students' understanding of meiosis. Results of the analysis revealed that the influential background concepts are as follow; cell cycle, chromosome in the advanced level, mother/daughter cell, mitosis, chromosome, nuclear phases in the intermediate level, mother/daughter cell, nuclear phases, gene in the low level. And the achievement according to item types was differed not by meiosis achievement, but by each background concepts.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2019

Optical emission spectroscopy is used to identify chemical species and monitor the changes of process results during the plasma process. However, plasma process monitoring or fault detection by using emission signal variation monitoring is vulnerable to background signal fluctuations. IR heaters are used in semiconductor manufacturing chambers where high temperature uniformity and fast response are required. During the process, the IR lamp output fluctuates to maintain a stable process temperature. This IR signal fluctuation reacts as a background signal fluctuation to the spectrometer. In this research, we evaluate the effect of infrared background signal fluctuation on plasma process monitoring and improve the plasma process monitoring accuracy by using simple infrared background signal subtraction method. The effect of infrared background signal fluctuation on plasma process monitoring was evaluated on $SiO_2$ PECVD process. Comparing the $SiO_2$ film thickness and the measured emission line intensity from the by-product molecules, the effect of infrared background signal on plasma process monitoring and the necessity of background signal subtraction method were confirmed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

배경과 현재 프레임 영상간의 차영상을 이용하여 이동 물체를 탐지하는 방법은 비디오 감시 시스템에서 가장 보편적인 방법 중 하나이지만 신뢰할 수 있는 배경의 생성은 여전히 쉽지 않은 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 정지 물체를 고려한 적응적 배경 생성 기법을 제안한다. 연속적으로 입력되는 영상들의 산술 평균을 이용하여 초기 배경을 생성한다. 배경과 현재 영상간의 차영상을 구하여 물체를 탐지한 다음, 탐지된 물체가 일정시간이상 계속 정지해 있는 경우에는 그 물체를 정지 물체로 간주하고 정지 물체 영역을 배경으로 갱신한다. 한편, 이동 물체인 경우에는 배경 갱신에서 현재 프레임을 배제함으로써 지속적으로 물체를 탐지할 수 있도록 한다. 제안된 방법은 점진적인 조명의 변화, 느리게 이동하는 물체, 정지 물체 등이 존재하는 동영상에서도 적응적으로 배경을 생성할 수 있으며 이는 실험을 통해 확인되었다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2014

"삼국유사" '수로부인'에 나오는 '헌화가'의 배경 설화를 토대로 헌화가와 해가의 배경지를 다양한 관점에서 추정해보고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 헌화가 배경지는 경북 영덕군 남정면 부경리 지경천 골곡포(骨谷浦) 부근 암석단애지 일대로 판단된다. 2) 해가 배경지(임해정 옛터)는 헌화가 배경지인 골곡포에서 이틀거리(약 60km)에 위치하는 울진의 월송정 일대로 판 단된다. 3) 일부 지자체에서 주장하는 헌화가 배경지와 해가 배경지는 지자체들의 장소 마케팅(place marketing) 차원에서 설정된 경향이 강해 설득력이 없다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.599-607
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• 2000

In this study, experiments have been performed to examine the effects of background gray-level on the depth-of-field and on the in-focus criteria. The normalized value of contrast(VC) and the gradient indicator(GI) were used as the in-focus criteria for the small and the large size-ranges of particles, respectively. The slightly larger number of pixels were detected with the brighter background. The maximum of the normalized value of contrast(VCmax) is decreased with the brighter background and its deviation from that with the background gray-level of 160 turned out to be about $pm$15% when the background gray-level changes from 100 to 200. However, the maximum gradient indicator(GImax) changes with the background gray-level within only $pm$5%. The depth-of-field for the VC-applicable particle-size range is largely dependent on the background gray-level. On the other hand, the depth-of-field for the GI-applicable particle-size range changes only slightly with the background gray-level. To keep the normalized standard deviation of the particle size within 0.1, the background gray-level should be set 160$pm$20 for both the VC-applicable and GI-applicable ranges which cover the particle size between $10{\mu}m$ and $300{\mu}m$.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 자유 시점 텔레비전에서 시점 합성 영상 획득을 위해 시공간적 배경 정보 추정 기반 홀 채움 방식을 제안한다. 신뢰할 수 있는 시간적 배경 정보를 획득하기 위해 새로운 배경 코드북의 구성 및 갱신하는 과정을 수행한다. 더불어, 공간적인 국부 배경 정보 추정을 위해 홀 영역의 배경 및 전경 영역의 구별 및 갱신 과정을 수행한다. 추정된 시공간 배경 정보를 조합하여 홀 채움 과정을 수행하고, 잔여 홀 채움을 수행하기 위해 깊이 배경 정보를 이용한 우선순위 함수를 결정하여 표본 기반 인페인팅 기법을 적용한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안 방식은 기존방식들과 비교하여 평균 0.3~0.6dB의 성능 향상이 있음을 확인하였으며, 동영상 특성 및 홀 형태에 관계없이 제안된 방식이 새로운 시점 영상을 효과적으로 합성할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.196-207
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the visual evaluation for the Picture image combination of Clothing and Ground. The major finding were as follows ; 1) For the visual evaluation of the Picture image as Clothing variation there were significant differences in all factors 2) For the visual evaluation of the Picture image as Ground variation there were significant differences in Attractiveness Hardness and softness Cuteness Attention Cool and Warm factor 3) For the visual evaluation of the Picture image as Percentage of Clothing there were significant differences in Attractiveness cool and Warm factor. It will Percentage of Clothing there were significant differences in Attractiveness Cool and Warm factor. It will aid in choosing the most beneficial background for any clothing brand. It will enhance the picture images to their full potential in any advertising medium 4) As a result of Regression analysis image effecting on " Preference" is refined-country like harmonious-inharmonious comfortable-uncomfortable beautiful-ugly splendid-dull stable-uneasy live-gentle 5) For the Image effecting on "Harmony" according to clothing image there were significant differences. the results analyzed according to the change of background are as follows. Mdern and strong images formed charming urban and cool visual images with urban and neat artificial backgrounds. Mature images were created with romantic and static artificial backgrounds. Mannish straight and conservative images created charming and rigid visual images in urban and formatted artificial background. Using a white natural background for the urban style created a cool visual image. The use of an interior background lead to warmer images and more defination lines Causal images created a rural and warm image which expressed charm and a soft visual while using a rural and natural background. A most unharmonious and hard image was created when using an urban and formatted artificial background. The coolest visual image was created with a cool and natural background. Feminine and flawless images created urban and neat visual image using an urban and formatted artificial background. The coolest visual image was fresh created with a cool and natural background. natural background.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

In this paper we propose the methodology for 3D background image construction in computer games. This methodology was developed based on TIP (Tour Into the Picture) using a vanishing line Proposed by Kang et at. The methodology Proposed in this study can simply implement a 3D background for a computer game with a background model which is very complex or based on a real picture. Compared to the graphics technologies generally used, the proposed methodology does not need the process of modeling elaborate 3D information of a background, and hence can display the background even on a low grade personal computer using a small reference image. TIP technology was successfully applied to the implementation of a background model for a computer game and was found to be appropriate especially for real time games.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2014

Edges are a robust feature for object detection. In this paper, we present an edge-based background modeling method for the detection of moving objects. The edges in the image frames were mapped using robust Canny edge detector. Two edge maps were created and combined to calculate the ultimate moving-edge map. By selecting all the edge pixels of the current frame above the defined threshold of the ultimate moving edges, a temporary background-edge map was created. If the frequencies of the temporary background edge pixels for several frames were above the threshold, then those edge pixels were treated as background edge pixels. We conducted a performance comparison with previous works. The existing edge-based moving-object detection algorithms pose some difficulty due to the changes in background motion, object shape, illumination variation, and noises. The result of the performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm can detect moving objects efficiently in real-world scenarios.

• 천문학논총
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

When we measure a source signal in the presence of a background rate that has been independently measured, the usual approach is to obtain an estimate of the background rate by observing an empty part of the sky, and an estimate of the source signal plus background rate by observing the region where a source signal is expected. The source signal rate is then estimated by subtracting the background rate from the source signal plus background rate. However, when the rates or their observation times are small, this procedure can lead to negative estimates of the source signal rate, even when it should produce a positive value. By applying the Bayesian approach, we solve the problem and prove that the most probable value of source signal rate is zero when the observed total count is smaller than the expected background counts. It is also shown that the results from the conventional method is consistent with the most probable value obtained from the Bayesian approach when the source signal is large or the observation time is long enough.