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체압 분포를 고려한 자동차 시트용 플라스틱 서스펜션에 대한 기초적 연구 (A Basic Study on Plastic Suspension System for Automotive Seat under Consideration of Body Pressure Distribution)

  • 박대민;김기선;최두석;김세환;박원식;조재웅
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제12권11호
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    • pp.4751-4755
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 자동차용 시트 Back frame 내부에 설치하여 탑승자의 등부분을 지지하며 편안한 승차감을 제공하는 시트용 서스펜션 시스템에 대한 연구이다. 운전자의 등 전체를 고르게 지지하는 구조로 설계하고 시트 백 프레임과 플라스틱 서스펜션의 조립을 효과적으로 할 수 있는 구조로 개발 하고자 한다. 서스펜션 단품은 운전자의 체압 분포를 고려하여 설계하고 시뮬레이션 해석에 있어서는 실제 모델과 같은 크기를 가지고 하였다. 플라스틱 서스펜션의 해석결과가 실제 측정값에 근접함을 확인하였으며 기존 Wire Type에 비해 양호한 체압분포를 얻을 수 있었다.

허리의 분절적 가동기법이 만성 허리통증 환자의 근육 특성과 안정성 한계에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of the Lumbar Segmental Mobilization Technique on Chronic Low Back Pain Patients' the Characteristics of the Muscles, and Limited of Stability)

  • 양대중;엄요한
    • 대한통합의학회지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.191-202
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    • 2020
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the segmental mobilization technique of the lower back on the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability of chronic backache patients. Methods : The subjects of the study were 30 chronic back pain patients who were divided into groups of 15, a manual therapy group (Group I) and a spinal decompression therapy group (Group II), via random assignation. The subjects had 15 minutes of superficial heat therapy, 15 minutes of interference wave therapy, and 5 minutes of ultrasound therapy for conservative physical therapy. Additionally, manual therapy and spinal decompression therapy were administered to each group for 30 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Before intervention, the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability of the muscles were analyzed. After 8 weeks of intervention, the above items were re-measured in the same manner and analyzed between groups. Results : The results of comparative analysis of the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability between groups showed that there were statistically significant differences. The manual therapy group (Group I) showed significant differences in characteristics of the muscles compared to the spinal decompression therapy group (Group II). The manual therapy group (Group I) showed significant differences in limited of stability compared to the spinal decompression therapy group (Group II). Conclusion : The result confirmed that manual therapy was more effective in the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability. Based on this study, additional studies are necessary on the effect of various techniques of manual therapy on muscle activity and muscle thickness in chronic back pain patients. In order to develop an effective manual therapy program, studies using a variety of evaluations are needed.

수평하중이 작용하는 단독말뚝의 배면지반의 저항거동 특성(II) (Behavior of Back Ground of the Laterally Loaded Single Pile (II))

  • 배종순;김지성;김성호
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제25권11호
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    • pp.61-73
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 모형실험을 통해 균질모래지반에 매설된 횡력을 받는 단독말뚝의 수평저항력을 산정하는데 가장 큰 영향을 주는 배면토의 저항형태를 파악하였다. 저항거동 상태를 파악하기 위해서는 기 발표된 논문(배종순과 김성호 ; 2008)에서 제안된 회전절점, 배면지반의 연직방향 파괴각 이외에 배면지반의 파괴영역의 평면면적과 말뚝측면의 평면 파괴각 등이 파악되어야 한다. 따라서 말뚝의 형상과 크기, 지반밀도 변화에 대한 배면지반의 거동 특성을 실험을 통하여 파악하였다. 또한 흙의 밀도와 말뚝의 단면형상에 따른 상관관계를 규명하였다.

물리치료사들의 직업적 요통 발생의 위험요인 조사 (A Survey on Risk Factors Related to Job-Low Back Pain in Physical Therapists)

  • 이준철
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.289-297
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구의 목적은 물리치료사의 요통 유병률 및 요통 발생과 관련된 변수를 조사하기 위하여 경남지역에서 임상에 근무하고 있는 물리치료사 100명을 대상으로 설문지를 조사 분석하여 다음과 같이 결과를 얻었다. 1. 물리치료사의 요통 유병률은 남자 11.0%, 여자 44.0%, 전체 55.0%로 나타났고, 요통군의 연령별 분포는 20~24세 이하가 50.9%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 2. 요통군의 근무 환경적 특성 중에서 1일 치료 환자 수는 31~40명 이하군이 40.0%, 주당 근무시간은 45~49시간 이하가 49.1%를 차지하였으며, 1일 서 있는 시간은 요통군에서는 5~7시 미만이 36.4%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 3. 요통군의 심리적특성에 있어서 물리치료사 직업에 "불만족한다"라고 응답한 경우 요통군이 67.0%로 조사되었다. 4. 요통의 원인은 "원인은 모르겠지만 오랫동안 물리치료사직에 근무하였기 때문이다"라고 응답한 경우가 38.2%로 가장 높게 조사되었고, 요통군의 행동적 특성에 있어서 허리 유연성 체조를 하는 이유는 "현재 요통이 있거나 재발 방지를 위해서이다"라고 응답한 경우가 45.5%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 이같은 연구결과를 보았을 때 물리치료사가 직업 관련성 요통발생의 위험이 높은 직종에 종사하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 요통의 경험이 있거나, 1일 치료 환자 수, 주당 근무시간, 1일 서있는 시간 등 근무환경적 특성과 심리적 특성에 관련되어 요통발생의 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 물리치료사의 요통발생을 줄이기 위해서는 근무환경의 개선과 요통예방 혹은 요통재발방지를 위한 교육 프로그램이 병행되어져야 할 것이다.

AHP법을 이용한 한중간 물류네트워크 구축에 따른 우선과제 평가에 관한 연구 (On the Consideration of Logistics Network Establishment and Priority Evaluation between Korea and China Using AHP method)

  • 여기태;박창호;서수완
    • 한국항만경제학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.169-185
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    • 2004
  • It is an urgent problem that Korea logistics enteprises' expansion of advance into China market and the logistics network establishment between Korea and China to back up the former are to be solved. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to deduce the subjects to establish the logistics network between Korea and China, and to evaluate the priority order. The results of this research are as follows: First, we conducted face-to-face interviews on the advisery group in China and Korean enterprises which advanced into China, and drew out 6 promoting subjects to build the logistics network between the two. Second, the AHP model was adopted, which is a multi-criteria?multi-hierarchical decision making method, to draw out the weight and priority order of the deduced 6 promoting items. Third, the resultant priority order of the promoting subjects is as follows: No.1 - to establish the distribution & logistics support center by region(0.3900); No.2 - to support various taxes in investing the logistics business abroad(0.1980) ; No.3 - to improve the management of CIQ(0.1958); No.4 - to back up the joint-venture of logistics firms(0.1169); No.5 - to enhance trade and foreign policies to deregulate the entry into logistics markets(0.0536); No.6 - to construct the logistics information system of China(Northest Ssia)(0.0458). This paper resulted in finding out Korea logistics enterprises that have not secured their own inland-transport network in China and the actual difficulties of Korean enterprises with using the inferior network that advanced into China. These problems were developed into the analysis adopting the AHP method, and the significancy of this paper is to present the priority order of promoting problems using a sophisticated technique.

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정상인에서 요천추 코르셋 착용이 엉덩관절을 펼 때 배곧은근과 엉덩관절 폄근의 수축 개시시간에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of a Lumbosacral Corset on the Onset of Rectus Abdominis and Hip Extensor Activity During Hip Extension in Healthy Subjects)

  • 박철홍;권오윤;조상현
    • 한국전문물리치료학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.23-37
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    • 2002
  • This study examined the muscle recruitment order during extension of the hip joint in normal subjects, and evaluated whether the external support obtained from wearing a lumbosacral corset had an effect on muscle recruitment leading to increased lumbar stability. The subjects were 40 normal adults (32 male, 8 female) with no history of low back pain and no pathological findings in the nervous or musculoskeletal systems. All subjects extended their hip joints under 3 positions (prone, sidelying, standing). During extension, the onsets of contraction of the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles were measured. Electromyographic activity was measured using a surface electrode, and the muscle contraction onset time was designated as the point exceeding a threshold of 25 ms, using a mean plus twice of the standard deviation. To compare the average order of muscle contraction onset time, a Freedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks was used. The relative difference between muscle contraction onset time wearing and not wearing a lumbosacral corset was measured using a paired t-test. A difference in the average muscle contraction onset order for the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles was observed (p<.05) among three positions. However, wearing a lumbosacral corset did not. change the contraction order. In addition, wearing a lumbosacral corset produced a significant difference (p<.05) in the relative onset time between the rectus abdominis and gluteus maximus in the standing position, but no difference was observed for the other muscles or positions. In the future, patients suffering from low back pain should be compared with normal subjects to determine the effectiveness of a lumbosacral corset in changing muscle recruitment order.

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선형 부재고비율(線形 負在庫比率)을 갖는 확률적 부분부재고(確率的 部分負在庫)시스템에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Stochastic Partial Backorder Inventory System with a linear Backorder Ratio)

  • 이강우
    • 대한산업공학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 1994
  • This paper presents an inventory model with partial backorders for the situation in which demand is deterministic, lead time follows normal distribution and back order ratio during the stockout period varies in proportion to the length of backorder period In this situations, an objective function is formulated to minimize a time-proportional backorder cast and a fixed penalty cost per unit lost. And then the procedure of iterative solution method for the model is developed to find optimal reorder paint and order quantity and a numerical example to illustrate the proposed method is presented.

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보호아동의 친가정 복귀 과정에서 친부모의 경험 연구 (A Study on the Birth Parent's Experience in the Process of Family Reunification for Children in Social Care)

  • 김주현
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제64권1호
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    • pp.273-297
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 보호아동이 친가정으로 복귀하는 과정에서 친부모의 경험이 어떠한지를 살펴보고자 친부모 11명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰한 후 근거이론방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 인과적 조건은 '자녀를 맡김'이 도출되었고, 현상은 '형벌같은 삶', '자녀와의 분리상황에 적응함'으로 나타났다. 이에 맥락적 조건은 '가족 신념', '자녀양육 신념'이며, 중재적 조건은 '재기할 힘', '뜻대로 안됨'이었다. 작용/상호 작용 전략은 '양육기반 마련하기', '부모 역할 지속하기', '적응에 저항하기', '자녀복귀시기 조정하기'로 나타났다. 결과로는 '돌봄 부담감', '맡기고 싶음', '가족의식 강화됨', '미래가 희망적임'이 도출되었다. 과정분석 결과, 시간의 경과에 따라 (1) 자녀위탁단계: 자녀를 위탁한 모진 부모가 됨, (2) 자녀 위탁 후 단계: 자녀복귀위해 무너진 가정세움, (3) 자녀 친가정 복귀 단계: 나, 가족, 세상에 떳떳함 (4) 자녀 친가정 복귀 이후 단계: 재위탁 경계하며 가정지킴으로 구분되었고 보호아동의 친부모들은 자녀를 친가정으로 복귀시키는 과정에서 끊임없는 긴장의 연속을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 보호아동의 친가정 복귀를 촉진하기 위한 실천적 대안을 제시하였다.

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슬랙스 설계를 위한 하지동작에 따른 체표선 변화 2 (Changes in Body Surface Lines Caused By Lower Limb Movements in Designing Slacks (II))

  • 조성희
    • 한국가정과학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2004
  • In this study, by determining lower limb movements which cause significant changes in body surface lines, body parts with the greatest maximum expansion and contraction rate respectively were illustrated in descending order. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Movements which cause measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. Among average expansion and contraction rates in such movements, maximum average expansion and contraction levels, maximum average expansion and contraction rate, and classes of expansion and contraction rate were determined per body part. The results of this study are as follows. First, 5 lower limb movements; F2, F5, F6, F7, F8, which caused significant changes in body surface lines were determined and illustrated in table 4. Second, the levels, rates, and classes of expansion and contraction rate per body part are illustrated in Tables 5 and 6. Body parts with the greatest maximum expansion rate were, in descending order: upper segment of center back leg line, upper segment of inner leg line, middle segment of center front leg line, posterior crotch length, anterior knee girth, anterior thigh girth, center back leg line, girth at crotch height, anterior midway thigh girth, hip girth, anterior crotch length, knee girth, waist girth, inner leg line, thigh girth, and crotch length. Those with the greatest maximum contraction rate were, in descending order: anterior crotch length, upper segment of center front leg line, lower segment of center back leg line, center front leg line, and posterior thigh girth. The maximum expansion rates and maximum contraction rates, which ranged from 2.05 to $35.95\%$ and from -0.20 to $-30.16\%$ respectively, were classified per body part into 4 ABCD classes. The body part with maximum expansion was the upper segment of the center back leg line at vertical body surface line, expanding by $35.95\%$ or 16.03cm in F5 flexion movement. In contrast, the body part with maximum contraction was the anterior crotch length at vertical body surface line, contracting by $-30.16\%$ or -10.54cm in F5 flexion movement. Both, however, were the body parts to expand or contract the most among all horizontal and vertical body surface lines.

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근육형 남성용 재킷 패턴설계 (Development of Jacket Pattern for Muscular Men)

  • 정혜진;김소라
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.137-153
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    • 2009
  • Recently, young men have become more muscular as they become more interested in physical figure. However, most of these muscular men have fit problems regarding ready-made clothes. In view of this, this study aimed to develop a prototype jacket pattern for muscular men. For this study, five muscular men were selected to put on existing jacket pattern for wearing tests. The regression formula, in which muscular men body measures were adopted, was applied to unsuitable parts, especially the areas determined not to be appropriate in the evaluation of existing jacket pattern wearing tests. After the first and the second jacket pattern wearing tests, the final jacket pattern suitable for muscular men was developed. The results of the study were as follows: In order to make up for the problem of the loosening of the lapel area, due to the development of the chest muscle, the chest circumference line on the chest area of the pattern was cut to be 1.0cm wide; thus, the front length was modified with an increase. The wearing tests found that a wearers felt discomfort from the tight armhole area, so the armhole depth was set to be a little lower than that of ready-made clothes. A muscular men needs much more extra quantity in this area because the upper part of the back side is projected due to the greater development of the trapezius muscle and the deltoid than in average men. Hence, concerning the standard line for the length of the back interscye, ease of 1.0cm was added to the regression equation formula {(0.371${\times}$chest circumference+3.145)/2} in order to resolve the discomfort with the back area. Also, for the biacromion length, the upper arm protruded more than the shoulder point of the jacket because of the development of the deltoid and the upper arm muscle, and it was set to be wider than the actual shoulder. In order to solve the problem of discomfort from the narrow neck area during the wearing of a jacket owing to the development of the trapezius muscle, extra ease of 0.5cm was added to chest circumference/12-0.5cm in the existing jacket prototype to the width of back of the neck, and it was corrected to be chest circumference/12.