• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

To survive head-to-head competition, we should keep our labor productivities above those of other nations. However, our labor productivities are low compared to those of the developed countries. It is the well-known fact that we make up for the productivities with long work hours. Entering the line of developed nations safely and enjoying well-being age freely, we need to achieve high labor productivities without sacrificing work hours. What would be a fine solution? Back to the basics! Although it is important to enforce R&D on high-tech products, we should have so-called bluebird philosophy, being faithful to the basics and trying to find solutions at a stone's throw. Basics of basics may be unceasing improvement, establishing reasonable standard times, and maintaining them. To support going back to the basics, this thesis proposes VITAMAX, a motion and time study software. As VITAMAX stands for "Visual Improvement and Time Analysis for Maximizing Profits", it provides a simple and powerful visual tool which is useful for improving manual works and determining standard times. Since VITAMAX is based on the Microsoft Excel and VBA, it is very cost-effective and easy to use. VITAMAX may contribute to the profit increase of manufacturing companies, especially for the small and medium-sized enterprise.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-143
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• 2002

The concept of "set" in school mathematics has undergone many changes according to the revision of curriculum and the transition of the paradigm in mathematics education. In the discipline-centered curriculum, a set was a representative concept which reflected the spirit of New Math. After the Back to Basics period, the significance of a set concept in school mathematics has been diminished. First, this paper elaborated several controversial aspects of the terms related to set, such as a collection and a set, a subset, and an empty set. In addition, the changes of the significance imposed to a set concept in school mathematics were investigated. Finally, this paper provided two alternative approaches to introduce and explain a set concept which emphasized both mathematical rigor and learner's psychology.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2014

This paper provides an overview of the basics and recent studies of Lyapunov-based nonlinear adaptive control, the aim of which is to improve or maintain the performance and stability of the closed-loop system by cancelling out the presumable uncertainties in the nonlinear system dynamics. The design principles are essentially based on Lyapunov's direct method. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of Lyapunov-based nonlinear adaptive control techniques with simplified effective design examples, which are to be elaborated as related recent results are gradually shown. The scope of the survey contains research on singularity problems in adaptive control, the techniques to deal with linearly and nonlinearly parameterized uncertainties, robust neuro-adaptive control, and adaptive control methodologies combined with various nonlinear control techniques such as sliding-mode control, back-stepping, dynamic surface control, and optimal/$H_{\infty}$ control.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.270-288
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• 2008

Among various environmental issues, those for worn-out products are increasingly important due to rapid development and improvement of products, shortages of dumping sites and waste-incineration facilities, and legislation pressures and customer recognitions to protect the environment. Under such circumstances, collection and product recovery activities give rise to additional material flows from customers back to collectors and reprocessors. Reverse logistics, the opposite direction of the conventional forward logistics, is concerned with the management of this material flow. In this paper, we consider the emerging concept of reverse logistics. First, the concept of sustainable development is explained to explain the philosophical background of various environmental issues. Second, we explain the basics of reverse logistics, which includes the overall structure and the classification of network types. Finally, we review the previous research articles, especially in the aspect of industrial engineering, after classifying the decision problems into : (a) product recovery strategy; (b) network design and operation; (c) inventory management; (d) disassembly problems; and (e) remanufacturing problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.141-157
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• 2001

It has been since 15 century when Ainu realized themselves as a race. Their folk culture had been formed with the effect of East-northern Asia and cultural exchange with Japanese through the northern trade during 17 -18 centuries. It can be ascertained from the typical festival food and clothing. clothing style and the ornaments of Ainu people. The basics of Ainu people are composed of an unfolding clothes which men and women had wort in one-piece style even though they had lived in the northernmost cold climate. Atousi is their typical clothing which had been made of the grass fiber. Ainu people had imported the old cotton clothes from the trading with the mainland roughly in the late E-do (late 18 century). Ainu's clothing is divided broadly into Aiusi and Moreu pattern. Ainu people had decorated their back, shoulder, collar, burial clothes, waist and hem by changing and mixing them. These are the expression of their desire to prevent themselves from the wicked plot or the devil. There is no similar Ainu patterns or skill in Kimono, while it is known to be rather related to the area of Amur River, Sakhalin, and the distant Mongolia. Therefore, the traditional pattern of Ainu should be the continental conception which had been skilfully shaped through the trading with the north adding the series of Ainu People.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.191-210
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• 2001

본 연구는 지리교육의 내용 선정과 조직에 대한 기초 연구로써, 우리나라 제 7차 사회과 규과정에서 명시하고 있는 지리교육의 방향, 내용 및 조직을 분석하고 뉴욕주의 2000년 에 제시된 그것과 비교하였다. 우리나라와 미국의 지리교육의 내용과 조직에 대한 연구는 양국의 교육과정 개발 관점에 대한 분석과 더불어 현대 사회에서 교과로써 경쟁력을 갖춘 지리교육의 방향 및 지리적 지식의 성격에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 한다. 뉴욕주의 지리교육은 <기본으로의 복귀> 분위기 속에서 지리교육에서 학습해야 할 6가지 핵심 요소를 추출하고 그에 따라 내용을 체계화한 반면 우리 나라의 경우 한국과 세계의 지역지리, 계통 지리의 내용을 나열적으로 학습하도록 하였다. 그러나 백과사전식 내용 구성은 정보화 사회에서 지리교육의 역할을 스스로 축소시키고 지리교육에 대한 학생의 관심과 흥미를 감소시키는 결과를 초래한다. 미국 뉴욕주의 지리 내용과 조직은 우리나라 지리교육과정의 내용 구성 방향에 많은 시사점을 줄 수 있다. 지리교육의 생장력을 키우기 위한 지리 내용은 현대 사회 및 학습자의 요구와 지리학의 경향과 쟁점에 근거하여 그 핵심 요소가 선정되어야 하고, 지역적 방법과 계통적 방법을 적절하게 결함시켜 역동적이고 흥미있게 조직되어야 한다.되어야 한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.451-471
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• 2006

Major projects and research topics in the field of rock mechanics are analyzed to obtain the following results: $\cdot$ Rock mechanics deals with the behavior of deformation, failure and displacement of the rock and rock mass on the basis of geological basics. Discontinuities in the rock mass are the most important parameters to control the behavior of rock mass around underground openings. $\cdot$ The objective of site investigation and testing is to determine the strength properties of the rock mass and the in situ stress regime. Specimens for laboratory and in situ tests are to be selected in order that the results of the tests give the representative properties oi the rock mass of the site in question. $\cdot$ The result of a numerical model would be better evaluated not quantitatively but qualitatively. The displacement behavior of the rock mass has to be monitored properly for the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) principles. $\cdot$ The stability of rock slope is to be evaluated preferably by back analysis with strength parameters, such as cohesion and friction angle.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.186-193
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• 2015

In many respects, the current music education contents are learned, based on results and also, education of rhythm, which is an important component of music, is mostly implemented using scores that are based on existing results. In this study, two rhythm education contents were extracted using the number of cases in mathematics, which is a principle of the process of creating a rhythm. First, 16 rhythm education contents were extracted by calculating the number of cases to include a note and a rest in a beat except triplet Rhythm. Second, two-beat 225 rhythm education contents were extracted by calculating the number of cases to connect this one-beat contents. Rhythm education was applied to music majors in their early twenties using these two rhythm education contents and the effect was proven by the rhythmic ability test. As stated above, this study suggests advanced education contents using existing principles, which appear by going back to the basics of rhythm.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2019

Going back to basics prior to mentioning the use of antipsychotics in patients with pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition of pain can be summarized as an unpleasant experience, composed of sensory experience caused by actual tissue damage and/or emotional experience caused by potential tissue damage. Less used than antidepressants, antipsychotics have also been used for treating this unpleasant experience as adjuvant analgesics without sufficient evidence from research. Because recently developed atypical antipsychotics reduce the adverse reactions of extrapyramidal symptoms, such as acute dystonia, pseudo-parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia caused by typical antipsychotics, they are expected to be used more frequently in various painful conditions, while increasing the risk of metabolic syndromes (weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). Various antipsychotics have different neurotransmitter receptor affinities for dopamine (D), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), adrenergic (${\alpha}$), histamine (H), and muscarinic (M) receptors. Atypical antipsychotics antagonize transient, weak $D_2$ receptor bindings with strong binding to the $5-HT_{2A}$ receptor, while typical antipsychotics block long-lasting, tight $D_2$ receptor binding. On the contrary, antidepressants in the field of pain management also block the reuptake of similar receptors, mainly on the 5-HT and, next, on the norepinephrine, but rarely on the D receptors. Antipsychotics have been used for treating positive symptoms, such as delusion, hallucination, disorganized thought and behavior, perception disturbance, and inappropriate emotion, rather than the negative, cognitive, and affective symptoms of psychosis. Therefore, an antipsychotic may be prescribed in pain patients with positive symptoms of psychosis during or after controlling all sensory components.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most important problems among professions particularly, dentists. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various parts of the body in Iranian dentists by using systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searching in national databases such as SID, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, and Medlib, and international databases such as MedLine, Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Embase, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Ebsco, CEBM, and Google Scholar search engine which were published by January 1, 2017. Researched keywords were in Persian and their standard English equivalents were in accordance with their MeSH. The obtained documents were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2. Results: According to 23 studies through 2,531 Iranian dentists which took part in this study, prevalence of skeletal disorders in Iranian dentists has been 17.6% [confidence interval (CI) 95%:11.7-25.5] in knees, 33.2% (CI 95%:24.1-43.8) in shoulders, 33.4% (CI 95%: 26.8-40.8) in the thorax, 51.9% (CI 95%:46.7-57.2) in necks, 33.7% (CI 95%:28.2-39.6) in wrists/hands, 12.9% (CI 95%:7.7-20.6) in elbows, 37.3% (CI 95%: 31.5-43.5) in lower back, 11.9% (CI 95%:8.7-16.1) in thighs, 12.9% (CI 95%:3.8-36) in the foot, and 10.5% (CI 95%:7-15.4) in legs. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian dentists, ergonomics should be included as a lesson in preclinic and also, reeducation courses for ergonomics basics should be executed for graduate dentists.