• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.953-960
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effects of Rubus coreanus Miq. oil on the plasma lipid profile of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). After completion of the 5-week experimental period, we measured bodyweight gain, food intake, adipose tissue mass, and plasma lipid profile. We also analyzed the activities of carnitine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) involved in ${\beta}$-oxidation and antioxidation, respectively. Our results show that HFD-induced weight gain in animals in the R. coreanus Miq. oil diet group (RCO) and corn oil diet group (CO) was significantly lower compared to animals in the HFD group; RCO supplementation had a more noticeable effect than CO. Visceral and back fat weights were lower in the RCO and CO groups while plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C per total cholesterol [HDL-C/TC (%)] ratio were significantly higher in the RCO group. The contents of acid-soluble acylcarnitine and total carnitine as well as SOD activation were significantly higher in the RCO group, but no significant difference was observed between the RCO and CO groups. In conclusion, RCO effectively averted elevation of total body weight and fat weight in HFD-induced obese mice and promoted increased HDL-C. Therefore, R. coreanus Miq. oil might play an anti-obesity role in obese people and could be used as an effective oil supplement.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.831-842
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• 2010

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenic obesity(SO), a condition of the reduction in muscle mass paired with an increased fat mass has been paid attention because of its association with disability in later life. A few evidence, however, has reported the association with these factors. PURPOSE: To explore the association among SO, physical function and fitness in older women. METHOD: 257 older women(age of 74) were recruited from Y city and 7 physical functions and 4 fitness tests were measured. Participants were classified into one of four groups based on their body fat and muscle mass: Normal group (GR-A), high fat(GR-B), sarcopenia(GR-C), and sarcopenic obese(GR-D). GLMand LSD-test were conducted with SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: Chair stand, arm-curl, back-scratch, 2-min steps of GR-A was higher than GR-C and GR-D(p<.05). One-leg stand of GR-A was higher than GR-D(p<.01) and of GR-C was higher than GR-D(p<.01).8ft-TUG of GR-D was lower than GR-A(p<.01). Grip strength, knee extension of GR-A was higher than that of GR-C and GR-D(p<.01) and knee flexion of GR-A was also higher than that of GR-C and GR-D(p<.01). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we conclude that SO is significantly associated with lower physical function and fitness in older Korean women, which alarm the risk of frailty induced by SO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1654-1660
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fattening periods i.e. 25, 27 and 29 months of age (25 mo, 27 mo and 29 mo), on feed consumption, body weight gain, carcass parameters, and lipogenic gene expression in 45 Korean native steers (Hanwoo). Daily DM intake was higher in steers on 29 mo compared with those on 25 mo or 27 mo. Daily body weight gain was higher in steers on 25 mo compared with those on 27 mo or 29 mo during fattening and overall experimental periods. Therefore, feed conversion ratio was lower in 25 mo compared with 27 mo or 29 mo during the fattening and whole experimental periods. As expected, slaughter and carcass weights were higher in the order of 29 mo>27 mo>25 mo. Carcass yield grade was relatively lower in 29 mo reflecting higher back fat thickness compared with other treatments, while carcass quality grade was not largely influenced by the treatments. By investigation with an ultra-sound scanning technique, the marbling score was significantly and numerically higher in 25 mo compared with 27 mo or 29 mo. The mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene were gradually increased in the late fattening stages (p<0.01) and mRNA of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene were highly expressed in 29 mo compared with 25 mo and 27 mo (p<0.05). However, gene expressions of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were not significantly different among the treatments. Thus the present results indicated that different fattening period has no major effect on carcass characteristics, although 25 mo had a lower carcass weight compared with 27 mo or 29 mo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.681-685
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• 2009

L-carnitine promotes mitochondrial ${\beta}$-oxidation of long chain fatty acids and their subsequent transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although the role of L-carnitine in fatty acid metabolism has been extensively studied, its role in live performance and carcass responses of commercial broilers is less understood. The objective of this research was to determine if Lcarnitine fed at various levels in diets differing in CP and amino acids impacted on live performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers. Two floor pen experiments were conducted to assess the effect of dietary L-carnitine in grower diets. In Exp. 1, Ross${\times}$Hubbard Ultra Yield broilers were placed in 48 floor pens (12 birds/pen) and fed common diets to d 14. A two (0 or 50 ppm Lcarnitine) by three (173, 187, and 202 g/kg CP) factorial arrangement of treatments was employed from 15 to 35 d of age (8 replications/treatment). An interaction (p<0.05) in carcass yield indicated that increasing CP (187 g/kg) resulted in improved yield in the presence of L-carnitine. Increasing CP from 173 to 202 g/kg increased (p<0.05) BW gain and decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion and percentage abdominal fat. Feeding dietary L-carnitine increased back-half carcass yield which was attributable to an increase (p<0.05) in thigh, but not drumstick, yield relative to carcass. In Exp. 2, $Ross{\times}Ross$ 708 broilers were fed common diets until 29 d. From 30 to 42 d of age, birds were fed one of seven diets: i) 200 g/kg CP, 0 ppm L-carnitine; ii) 200 g/kg CP, 40 ppm L-carnitine; iii) 180 g/kg CP, 0 ppm L-carnitine; iv) 180 g/kg CP, 10 ppm L-carnitine; v) 180 g/kg CP, 20 ppm L-carnitine; vi) 180 g/kg CP, 30 ppm L-carnitine; and vii) 180 g/kg CP, 40 ppm L-carnitine (6 replications of 12 birds each). BW gain, feed conversion, mortality (30 to 42 d), and carcass traits (42 d) were measured on all birds by pen. There were no treatment differences (p<0.05). However, the addition of 40 ppm L-carnitine in the 200 g CP/kg diet increased (p = 0.06) thigh yields relative to BW in comparison to birds fed diets without L-carnitine, which was further confirmed via a contrast analysis (0 vs. 40 ppm L-carnitine in the 200 and 180 g CP/kg diets; p<0.05). These results indicated that dietary L-carnitine may heighten metabolism in dark meat of commercial broilers resulting in increased relative thigh tissue accretion without compromising breast accretion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.802-810
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• 2000

A total of 120 finishing crossbred pigs ($Landrace{\times}Large$ $White{\times}Duroc$) with equal numbers of barrows and gilts weighing 58.5 kg body weight were used in a feeding trial, and 6 pigs (three of each sex) were used in a metabolic trial to investigate the effect of phase feeding. Finishing period was divided into two phases and 4 different diets were fed for those periods. Growth performance was not significantly different among treatments within the same sex. This result showed that 16% crude protein for early finishing period and 14% crude protein diet for late finishing period should be optimum. During the early finishing period, only feed intake was significantly different between sexes (p<0.01), but in late finishing period daily weight gain (p<0.001) and feed intake (p<0.01) of barrows were significantly higher than those of gilts. During the early finishing period, digestibilities of dry matter, protein and phosphorus were significantly higher in gilts than in barrows (p<0.05). However, there was no treatment effect within same sex during the early and late finishing period. During early finishing period, excretion of N of pigs fed 16% CP diet in early and 14% CP diet in late-finishing period was less than that of pigs fed 17% CP diet in early and 15% CP diet in late-finishing period (p<0.05), but the difference was not significant. During the late finishing period, N excretion with two phase feeding was reduced by 8.5% compared with single feeding. In gilts, total cost reduction by two phase feeding compared to single feeding was 9.1%, but in barrows it was just 3.19%. Relative margin increased with two phase feeding by 2.5% in gUts and 0.2% in barrows. There was a tendency that backfat thickness at 10th rib of gilts was thinner than that of barrows (p>0.05). Within the same sexes, there was no treatment effect on back fat thickness (p>0.05). Carcass grade was improved by two phase feeding compared to single feeding. Carcass grade of gilts was significantly better than that of barrows (p<0.001). From this results, it is concluded that finishing pigs could be fed two-phase diets to improve profit and reduce pollution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.385-395
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine optimal lysine requirement of lactating Mong Cai sows and their piglets. An experiment was conducted using 30 Mong Cai sows in a factorial randomized design with 5 dietary total lysine levels (0.60, 0.70, 0.85, 1.0 and 1.15%) for one-week pre-partum and 5 dietary total lysine levels (0.60, 0.75, 0.90, 1.05 and 1.2%) for lactation diets. Mong Cai sows were about 1 to 2 years old and had an initial body weight of 120 kg (sd = 2.5) after farrowing. Sows were restrictively fed 1.7 kg feed during gestation and were fed ad libitum during lactation. Diets of sows contained about 12% CP during pregnancy and about 14% CP for the lactation period. DE concentration of the diets ranged between 12.5-13.0 MJ of DE. Water was supplied at up to 8 liters per sow per day in a basin. Studied traits were related to both sows and their progeny. Sows were weighed at 107 days of gestation, after farrowing and at weaning. Sow back-fat depth was measured at 110 days of gestation, after farrowing, at 21 days of lactation and at weaning. Number of piglets born, at 24 h after birth, at 21 days of age and at weaning were recorded. Piglets were weighte at birth, at 21 days and at weaning. Supplying lysine one week pre-partum had no effect on the number of piglets born nor litter weight at birth (p = 0.776 and p = 0.224). A positive effect of increasing dietary lysine level during lactation from 0.60 to 1.20% was observed with regard to less sow weight loss, and increased piglet weight at 21 days and at weaning. The level of lysine that resulted in the lowest sow backfat loss and the highest weaned piglet weight was 1.05%; this may be the optimum level of lysine for the diet of lactating Mong Cai sows. At this lysine level, the number of weaned piglets was also highest.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop a pasture feeding program for reducing the Hanwoo feeding cost. Italian ryegrass (IRG) is a major plant which is abundantly produced in the southern area of South Korea. Locally produced Italian ryegrass has a 30 - 50% reduced pasture cost compared to imported pasture grasses. We hypothesized that Italian ryegrass feed could reduce the feeding cost but not change the physiological characteristics of the Hanwoo steers in the feedlot. Four treatments (Control, short fed IRG silage, long fed IRG silage, and IRG hay) in a completely random design were used to feed 27 Hanwoo steers. Three or four steers were fed in the same pen, and 8 pens were used for the treatments. Blood was drawn from each steer on the first week of every month from 11 to 30 months. Overall, the average daily gain and feed efficiency were not different among the treatments (p < 0.05) except for the final fattening diets (p < 0.05). The long fed IRG silage group had a low ADG compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The serum non-esterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were reduced during the fattening periods (p < 0.05); however, the serum albumin, total proteins, triglycerides, and phosphorus were increased during the fattening periods (p < 0.05). The carcass weight, longissimus muscle area and back-fat thickness were low in the long fed IRG silage group (p < 0.05). The IRG diet induced saturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). These results show that the IRG diet increased the serum triglycerides but reduced the glucose level at the final fattening diet and decreased the meat yield score in Hanwoo steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to compare growth performance, blood components and carcass traits by two feeding systems (concentrate with roughage separately [CON] vs total mixed ration [TMR]) in Hanwoo steers, and to learn the relationship between blood components during fattening or finishing phases and carcass traits in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty steers aged 8 months were allotted to two feeding systems and fed similar amounts of average dry matter and total digestible nutrient throughout whole experimental period according to each feeding program. Steers were weighed monthly, taken blood at the end of growing, fattening and finishing periods, and slaughtered at 30 month of age. Results: Growing performance was higher (p<0.05) in the CON group compared to the TMR group during fattening and finishing periods. The CON group was lower (p<0.05) in blood aspartic acid transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and retinol levels during growing period, but higher in triglyceride and cholesterol levels during fattening and finishing periods compared to the TMR group. The CON group was greater (p<0.05) in rib-eye area, and lighter (p<0.05) red in meat color compared to the TMR group. In the correlation coefficients between blood components of steers and carcass traits, retinol had a negative (p<0.05) correlation with marbling score and rib-eye area. Leptin had a positive (p<0.05) correlation with back fat thickness. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were positively (p<0.05) correlated with carcass weight and rib-eye area. Conclusion: Growth performance, carcass ribeye area and meat color showed a more desirable result in the CON compared to the TMR in Hanwoo steers. Assessing the accumulated data of carcass traits with blood components including hormones-particularly retinol, cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin-during the fattening or finishing phases, it may be possible to find a biomarker for determining beef quality in living animals.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.365-375
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximal elongation rate and area expansion ratio of human skin in various postures. Five males and five females (male: $23{\pm}2yr$ in age, $177.9{\pm}4.8cm$ in height, $76.7{\pm}8.8kg$ in body weight, $24.2{\pm}2.5$ in BMI, $16.2{\pm}3.4%$ in body fat; female: $22{\pm}1yr$, $163.2{\pm}3.6cm$, $51.4{\pm}2.7kg$, $19.3{\pm}1.6$, $27.4{\pm}6.7%BF$) participated in this study. Measurements were conducted using a pen and tape on the elbow, knee, wrist, shoulder, and neck. Subjects held postures so that each joint of the body regions was bent at its maximal level. The results were as follows: 1) The maximal elongation rate of skin showed a significant difference among the regions: $16.6{\pm}3.4%$ for the wrist, $22.4{\pm}5.5%$ for the neck (back), $37.6{\pm}11.3%$ for the shoulder, $42.6{\pm}10.0%$ for the knee, and $43.9{\pm}4.0%$ for the elbow (p<0.05). 2) The maximal expansion rate of the body surface area had the greatest values on the elbow ($93.7{\pm}6.4%$) and knee ($74.8{\pm}10.8%$). 3) No significant difference was found between males and females. In summary, maximal values of skin elongation and expansion rates in vivo were greater than in vitro values known from previous reports. These results can be applied to develop electronic fibers or textiles for wearable tight fit work clothing as well as fitness wear.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Studies were carried out using growing to finishing pigs to investigate adequate floor space ($m^2/pig$) in Jeju environment. A randomized block design was used to compare the effect of pig performance on 3 stocking rates (low $0.56 m^2/pig$, medium 0.70 and high 0.90). Liveweight gain and feed intake were measured over a 4 week(Growth stage 1 and Growth stage 2) period or a 3 week(Growth stage 3) period. In growth stage 1 (43 to 65 kg body weight ; BW), daily weight gain was significantly higher in the medium stocking rate than in low or high (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in daily weight gain was found among treatments in growth stage 2(65 to 91 kg) or 3 (91 to 105 kg). Dressing percentage, back fat thickness and carcass grade were also not different (P>0.05). In conclusion, daily weight gain of pigs reared in medium density appeared to be higher than in the other groups during the early growing period which is $0.70m^2/pig$ and similar to that recommended by National Livestock Research Institute, RDA.