• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was attempted in order to verify the effects of moxibustion on aged back pain and activities of daily living. Methods: A research design is quasi-experiment with pre-post test design in nonequivalent control group. As for data collection and experimental treatment, it accidentally sampled totally 50 people with 24 people for the experimental group and 26 people for the control group who appeal for chronic back pain aged over 60 who visited 4 senior centers where are located in N city from November 7, 2012 to December 3, 2012. Experimental treatment was carried out moxibustion totally 12 times by 3 times for 4 weeks in the experimental group. Data analysis was made by using SPSS program. As an analytical technique, the experimental group and the control group were analyzed the homogeneity verification with t-test, Fisher's exact test and $x^2$ test and the hypothesis verification with t-test. Results: The back pain level was reduced in the experimental group than the control group. The disability of daily living activities was reduced in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Moxibustion was considered to be likely useful therapeutic method for effects of chronic back pain and disability of daily living activities in aged.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.18
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• pp.351-359
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to analyze the costume in $\ulcorner$The Goddess Abides$\lrcorner$ of Pearl S. Buck by applying "Dramaturgical Analysis" of Erving Goffman. The frame of analysis is the dramaturgical conception of Goffman that he expressed in $\ulcorner$The Presentation of self in Everyday Life (1959)$\lrcorner$. Among the conception, I analyzed by applying 'performance', 'technique of impression management', 'region and region behavior' which can be used for studying and costume behavior. The following is the summary of my study. First, the performance means the performer's behavior and the procedure of impression management if face to fact interaction, which includes personal front and setting. Setting is mainly a house on the Mt. in Vermont. The time is Winter. The personal front includes appearance and manner. actors and audiences form impression through persional front. And Istudied the performance of the actors (or actress), Edith, Jared, Edmond, Edwin, Amelia, June. As for technique of impression management, I cold observe that a varieth of that were being used, such as the most general one that Edith wants to look beautiful by making god appearance, or she sometimes try not to look beautiful And when Edith meets Jared, sometimes she changed her clothes, but other times she doesn't do that. As for region and region behavior, there appears the distinction of region and a lot of expressions about clothes related to the distinction. I could observe the expressions showing the movement from front to back and from back to front. Especially I could observe the behaviors that can be occured only in back region in everyday life, that is bathing, changing clothes, making up, checking their appearance before the mirror. Like above when I analyzed $\ulcorner$The Goddess Abides$\lrcorner$ of Pearl S. Buck by Goffman's Dramaturgical analysis, I could find out that the theory was very useful to the analysis of the costume behaviors of the characters.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2008

To improve the blue responses of screen-printed single crystalline silicon solar cells, we investigated an emitter etch-back technique to obtain high emitter sheet resistances, where the defective dead layer on the emitter surface was etched and became thinner as the etch-back time increased, resulting in the monotonous increase of short circuit current and open circuit voltage. We found that an optimal etch-back time should be determined to achieve the maximal performance enhancement because of fill factor decrease due to a series resistance increment mainly affected by contact and lateral resistance in this case. To elucidate the reason for the fill factor decrease, we studied the resistance analysis by potential mapping to determine the contact and the lateral series resistance. As a result, we found that the fill factor decrease was attributed to the relatively fast increase of contact resistance due to the dead layer thinning down with the lowest contact resistivity when the emitter was contacted with screen-printed silver electrode.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.390-393
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• 2008

To improve the blue responses of screen-printed single crystalline silicon solar cells, we investigated an emitter etch-back technique to obtain high emitter sheet resistances, where the defective dead layer on the emitter surface was etched and became thinner as the etch-back time increased, resulting in the monotonous increase of short circuit current and open circuit voltage. We found that an optimal etch-back time should be determined to achieve the maximal performance enhancement because of fill factor decrease due to a series resistance increment mainly affected by contact and lateral resistance in this case. To elucidate the reason for the fill factor decrease, we studied the resistance analysis by potential mapping to determine the contact and the lateral series resistance. As a result, we found that the fill factor decrease was attributed to the relatively fast increase of contact resistance due to the dead layer thinning down with the lowest contact resistivity when the emitter was contacted with screen-printed silver electrode.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2005

This paper proposes a fuzzy neural network controller based on the vector control for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) drive system. The hybrid combination of neural network and fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability This paper does not oかy presents speed control of IPMSM using neuro-fuzzy control(NFC) but also speed estimation using artificial neural network(ANN) controller. The back propagation neural network technique is used to provide a real time adaptive estimation of the motor speed. The error between the desired state variable and the actual one is back-propagated to adjust the rotor speed, so that the actual state variable will coincide with the desired one. The back propagation mechanism is easy to derive and the estimated speed tracks precisely the actual motor speed. Thus, it is presented the theoretical analysis as well as the analysis results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to analyze the muscle activities and the characteristics of muscle recruiting patterns of upper trunk for Ssirum dutguri technique using three top-ranked elite Ssirum players. The EMG technique was used to record muscle activities of both right and left sides of latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and erector spinae. Six surface electrodes were placed on the surface of the selected muscles and one ground electrode was also attached on the back of neck(C7). One video camera was also used to record the Ssirum motion to define 4 events and 3 phases for further analysis. The raw EMG data were filtered with band pass filter (50-400 Hz) to remove artifacts and then low pass filtered (4 Hz) to find the linear envelope which resemble muscle tension curve. This filtered EMG data were normalized to MVIC for the purpose of comparion between the subjects. The results were indicated that each subject with different physical characteristics showed very different muscle activity patterns. Although Ssirum dutguri is considered as foot technique the player grasped opponent's satba(belt) with both hands when they play. Because of this reason, activities of upper trunk muscles were relatively high. However, direct comparison between upper and lower body muscles was not possible due to the lack of the data in present study. Interestingly, all threes subjects showed that erector spinae muscle activity was comparatively higher than those of latissimus dorsi and biceps brachii. This implies to reinforce back muscle as a routine of training to improve performance or to prevent back injury.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

This study presents the results of our analysis and recommendations for process and productivity improvements. The project studied consists of a 5-story research building, with a structure of steel frames supporting concrete slabs. The observations focused on the analysis of the overall erection and framing process. The methods used for the analysis consisted in intensive visits on site, where construction processes were observed in term of resources, activities, durations, materials' handling procedures, and technology used. Back to the office, authors used the information captured to model the different trades' activities, using work sampling and 5-minute rating technique. The work sampling provides insight into the activity, hence allowing for process improvements. The productivity of various trades is strongly dependent on the organization of the work process and work site conditions. Improving the productivity of the entire project or company is not possible until everyone is committed to improvement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2009

Hanger cables in suspension bridges are constrained by the horizontal clamp. So, the accuracy of estimated tension of hange cable using existing methods based on the simple mathematical model of singel cable decreases as the length of cable decreases because of the flexural rigidity. Therefore, back analysis and system identification techniques based on the finite element model are proposed recently. In this paper, the applicability of the back analysis and system identification techniques are compared using the hanger cable of Gang-An Bridge. The experimental results show that the back analysis and system identification techniques are more reliable than the existing string theory and linear regression method in the view point of the error of natural frequencies. However, the estimation error of tension can be varied according to the accuracy of finite element model in the model based methods. Especially, the boundary condition is more affective when the length of cable is short, so it is important to identify the boundary condition through experiment if it is possible. The tension estimation method using system identification technique is more attractive because it can easily consider the boundary condition and it is not sensitive to the number of input measured natural frequencies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.191-202
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the segmental mobilization technique of the lower back on the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability of chronic backache patients. Methods : The subjects of the study were 30 chronic back pain patients who were divided into groups of 15, a manual therapy group (Group I) and a spinal decompression therapy group (Group II), via random assignation. The subjects had 15 minutes of superficial heat therapy, 15 minutes of interference wave therapy, and 5 minutes of ultrasound therapy for conservative physical therapy. Additionally, manual therapy and spinal decompression therapy were administered to each group for 30 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Before intervention, the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability of the muscles were analyzed. After 8 weeks of intervention, the above items were re-measured in the same manner and analyzed between groups. Results : The results of comparative analysis of the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability between groups showed that there were statistically significant differences. The manual therapy group (Group I) showed significant differences in characteristics of the muscles compared to the spinal decompression therapy group (Group II). The manual therapy group (Group I) showed significant differences in limited of stability compared to the spinal decompression therapy group (Group II). Conclusion : The result confirmed that manual therapy was more effective in the characteristics of the muscles and limited of stability. Based on this study, additional studies are necessary on the effect of various techniques of manual therapy on muscle activity and muscle thickness in chronic back pain patients. In order to develop an effective manual therapy program, studies using a variety of evaluations are needed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.521-542
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• 2013

In this study a truss model is used for the geometrically nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of a thin shallow arch subject to snap-through. Thanks to the very simple geometry of a truss, the equilibrium conditions can be easily written and the global stiffness matrix can be easily updated with respect to the deformed structure, within each step of the analysis. A very coarse discretization is applied; so, in a very simple way, the high frequency modes are suppressed from the beginning and there is no need to develop a complicated reduced-order technique. Two short computer programs have been developed for the geometrically nonlinear static analysis by displacement control of a plane truss model of a structure as well as for its dynamic analysis by the step-by-step time integration algorithm of trapezoidal rule, combined with a predictor-corrector technique. These two short, fully documented computer programs are applied on the geometrically nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of a specific thin shallow arch subject to snap-through.