• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1997

This study examined the relationship between mothers' consciousness of diet and their infant feeding methods and weaning practices. Consciousness of diet analyzed from 17 questions concerning the attitudes and opinions of diet was classified into 6 categories using the factor analysis. These categories were the faithfulness of diet, the health-directed dietary practices, the application of health information, the application of information about food and nutrition, the sincerity to meal preparation, and dietary habits. The 400 mothers selected randomly from Wonju area were surveyed. The results obtained from the study were summarized as follows. Weaning was implemented earlier by the group with better education career and with the exact knowledge of weaning. Factors associated with infant feeding methods included some sociodemographic characteristics such as birth order, mothers' employment state and income level and mothers' effort toward faithfulness of diet. The use of health-foods and nutrient supplements were prefered by the groups used bottle-feeding method. The health condition of the infants was influenced by mother's will to carry out the health information rather than infant feeding methods and weaning foods used. Mothers who perceived the importance of diet for health and consumed more milk had healthier babies, and their dietary habits were more favorable. The subjects who self-recognized the meaning of weaning and who believed that earlier weaning was good for baby or delayed weaning was the cause of anemia and poor appetite, took advantage of the information about food and nutrition as well as prefered the health-directed dietary practices. Mothers who retried to feed the weaning food rejected by baby before, applied the dietary information to the real meal management more actively and had a more desirable dietary habits. In those cases the baby had improved health condition. Those who were interested in the meaning of weaning and the nutritious effect of weaning foods, revealed significantly higher tendency on the performance of cooking information and the more confidence to the health information from advertisement.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1000-1007
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• 2005

영유아 보육의 실질적 책임자인 어머니들의 이유기 급식, 이유식 생활관리에 대한 지식과 인식도를 조사$\cdot$연구하고자, 보건소를 방문한 양육인 103명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 영유아의 이유기 식생활관리와 이유식 공급에 대한 필요성과 중요성에 대하여 고졸과 대졸양육인 간에 인식도의 차이를 보였으며 (p<0.01), 가계소득 월 150만원을 기준으로 저소득층의 $47.6\%$와 고소득층의 $41.7\%$가 올바른 이유관리의 중요성을 인지하였다. 2) 단계별 이유식의 종류, 형 태, 조리 법, 급여 횟수와 양 등에 대한 지식과 관련하여 양육인의 $76.0\%$ 정도가 올바른 이유상식 없이 이유를 실시하였으며, 학력과 소득수준이 높을수록 이유식 도입시 발생할 수 있는 알레르기 반응에 대한 지식을 갖추고 있었다. 3) 이유정보의 출처는 대중매체 $(57.3\%)$, 또래 엄마$(34\%)$, 가족$(3.9\%)$, 보건의료인$(2.9\%)$, 기타$(1.9\%)$ 등이었으며, 대졸자는 대중매체 $(72.5\%)$를, 고졸자는 대중매체$(47.6\%)$와 또래 엄마$(39.7\%)$를 통하여 주로 정보를 얻었다. 또한 학력과 소득수준이 높을수록 이유정보와 교육의 기회를 갖고자 하는 욕구가 강하였다. 4) 시판이유식 구입시 양육인의 학력과 소득이 높을수록 TV광고에 대한 영향을 적게 받았으며, 대졸자는 영양측면에서 시판 이유식이 가정식에 비해 월등하지 않다고 응답하여 학력 수준에 따른 유의 성 이 확인되었다. 또한 선식이 영유아에게 좋거나 보통정도의 이유식으로 인식하는 비율이 양육인의 $88\%$ 정도로 나타났다. 5) 학력 에 따른 유의성은 없었으나 고졸자에 비하여 대졸자가 영양표시 라벨을 좀 더 적극적으로 인지하고 있었으며, 식생활과 건강에 대한 관심은 양육인의 교육과 수입에는 무관하게 3.5점 이상으로 높은 관심도를 보였다. 6) 영양교육의 기회가 주어지면 교육과 소득수준이 높은 양육인이 좀 더 적극적으로 활용하였으며, 식품$\cdot$영양관련 기초지식에 대하여 양육인의 $55.3\%$가 보통정도, $43.7\%$가 지식이 부족하다고 스스로 평가하였다. 양육인 중에 특히 대졸자 또는 고소득자가 본인 스스로의 지식에 대해 높은 신뢰도 점수를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과를 통하여 이유기의 식생활과 영양에 대해 실질적 책임자인 어머니들이 올바른 이유지식과 영양정보를 습득할 수 있는 환경조성이 절실하다고 판단된다. 즉 구체적이며 전문적인 이유관련 교육과 계몽이 이루어지기 위해서는 지역사회의 건강을 주도하며 지역 모자보건사업을 실시하는 보건소를 중심으로 한 영유아의 급식과 집단영양지도에 대한 교육 프로그램의 개발과 운영이 요청된다. 이 때 양육인의 사회적 배경과 기초 지식정도를 참조한 영유아 월령별 이유지도가 이루어져야 하며, 영양균형을 갖춘 식재료 선택과 조리법 등에 대한 올바른 이유식 실무교육도 병행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 지역사회를 기반으로 한 지속적이며 장기적인 영양지도교육은 양육인의 식품${\cdot}$영양 관련지식을 향상시키며, 이유기의 섭식 개선을 통하여 영양취약계층인 영유아의 이유 식생활관리와 영양개선에 기여할 수 있으리라 본다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 1996

Infanthood is a crucial period when mental and emotional developments take place along with physical growth. Adequate supply of nutrition is essential during this period and there is an urgent need for proper education and guidance on balanced nutrition. Therefore, this study tried to set the direction for developing baby food by investigating the conditions of weaning status and mothers perspectives on weaning. According to the result of this study, the average period when interviewees began weaning of their infants is 4.1 months and finishing period of weaning is 14.2 months on average. The frequency of consuming commercial weaning food is once a week. As high as 88.4% and the fruit juice was mainly used as the starting weaning food. The consumtion rate, more than once a day, is as high as 60%, they use commercial weaning food for convenience, especially when they are out. The 65% of surveyed group show rather dissatisfactory view about the commercial weaning food, and wanted improvements and changes. Interviewees wanted to obtain the information on baby food sold in the market and how to prepare baby food through technical literatures, and they frequently relied on commercial baby food due to its convenience. The most desired type of baby food was semi-solid paste in a disposable package that can be stored at room temperature.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.16-33
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' knowledge levels on complementary foods and their perception of convenience complementary foods. Methods: An online survey was conducted with mothers aged 20-49 years who had purchased convenience complementary foods and had a preschool child aged 4 months or older. The respondents were categorized into 3 groups based on their knowledge scores: low- (0-50 points), mid- (55-65 points), and high- (70-100 points) knowledge groups. Results: The average score of mothers' knowledge on complementary foods was 58.8 out of 100 points. Working mothers were found to have lower levels of knowledge compared to mothers who were housewives. Only 1/4 of responding mothers had educational experience on complementary foods. Mothers expressed a desire for information on the types of complementary foods (72.2%) and the intake amounts (60.3%) corresponding to each phase of their child's development. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences in health (P = 0.002), variety (P = 0.039), and hygiene (P = 0.041) among the factors taken into consideration when purchasing convenience complementary foods according to the mothers' knowledge levels. Mothers in the high-knowledge group placed a greater importance on 'balanced nutrition' (P = 0.022) and 'hygienic cooking' (P = 0.010) compared to mothers in the low-knowledge group. The results of the modified importance-performance analysis, which compared the importance and performance of the factors taken into consideration when purchasing convenience complementary foods, highlighted the need for efforts in 'health,' 'hygiene,' and 'price,' while also indicating an excessive effort in 'convenience.' Conclusions: This study suggests expanding relevant education programs to enhance mothers' knowledge on complementary foods, especially for working mothers. In the industry, marketing strategies for complementary food products could be developed that align with the needs of mothers, focusing on health, hygiene, and price.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.799-803
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• 2017

In the present study, centrifugation and filtration pretreatments were evaluated to decrease sample preparation time and to improve the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of low levels of pathogenic Escherichia coli in various foods. Pathogenic E. coli (E. coli NCCP11142, E. coli NCCP14037, E. coli NCCP 14038, E. coli NCCP14039, and E. coli NCCP15661) was inoculated into pork, beef, and baby leafy vegetables at 1, 2, and 3 Log CFU/g. The samples were shaken 30 times (control), then centrifuged or filtered. DNA extracts from the samples were subjected to PCR using the $Powerchek^{TM}$ Diarrheal E. coli 8-plex Detection Kit. In the pork samples, no E. coli was detected in the control samples, while E. coli were detected in 100% of 3-Log CFU/g inoculated and centrifuged samples, and in 100% of 2 and 3-Log CFU/g inoculated, and filtered samples. In the beef samples, all control samples appeared to be E. coli-negative, while E. coli was detected in 50-75% of centrifuged samples, regardless of inoculated level, and in 100% of 2 and 3-Log CFU/g inoculated, and filtered samples. In baby leafy vegetables, E. coli were not detected in 25-50% of the control samples, while E. coli were detected in 0-25% of the centrifuged samples, and 75-100% of the filtered samples, depending on the inoculum amount. In conclusion, filtration pretreatment can be used to minimize sample preparation time, and improve the sensitivity and specificity of rapid detection of pathogenic E. coli in various foods.

• 아동학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.65-80
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was the description of general trends in feeding, weaning and toilet training in agricultural and fishing communities in Korea, where the traditions are better preserved; thereby to present useful material for improving child rearing practices. The results of this study showed that: 1) Breast-feeding is the dominant form of nursing. The mother nurses freely whenever the baby wants to be fed. The mother caresses the baby while she nurses him. The nursing period is relatively long, up to 1 and a half years. 2) Generally, the time of weaning starts late - between 9 months and 18 months. Many mothers apply a bitter tasting solution to their nipples to aid weaning. The many things give a baby foods, the recipe for which the acquire knowledge from his family and acquaintances. 3) Toilet training generally starts after 1 full year. Potties are commonly used. The infant is reminded of its error whenever it makes a mistake and cleanliness is stressed. Urination and defecation are taught to be dirty things. In summary, discipline is not strict enforced but given naturally as the infants grow: This was interpreted in terms of the traditional way of life and geographical characteristics.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of warning labels of consumption goods on consumer behavior and the consumers' evaluation in order to suggest a policy of warning labels and the Product Liability Law. The following items which are somewhat risky but are used in everyday the were selected: cup noodles, one-touch can foods, washing machine, microwave range, dry cell, hydro-oxygen detergent, baby-walker, and block-toys. Data were collected from 345 respondents by internet survey with the following results. (1) The average score of the effects of warning labels on consumer behavior was so low that warning labels are not considered effective, especially in block-toys, dry cell, and baby-walker. (2) Consumers' evaluation scores on the character size, design and sticking place of warning labels were very low. Therefore an effort to make warning labels more effective is needed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2004

The characteristics of traditional childbirth and childcare custom on Jeju were studied by interviews of 134 elder women over 60. This established the nature of traditional custom of prenatal care, delivery, child rearing, and traditional ceremonies for baby as well as popular beliefs. The survey of current childbirth and childcare practices included 168 parents of kindergarteners. Results showed that traditional childbirth and childcare custom of Jeju is based in self-reliance, effectiveness, labor, and popular beliefs and that the heritage consisting of traditional postpartum foods, bathing of the newborn baby, use of a cradle, shamanistic prescriptions, and acupuncture is prevalent today.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 2006년도 제62회 춘계 심포지움 - 친환경유제품 개발과 소비 전망
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• pp.47-56
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• 2006

유기농 제품이 아기에게 더 안전하다는 인식은 유기농 제품에 특별히 영양소가 더 많이 들어 있다는 의미는 아니다. 일부 미네랄 함량은 토양 질에 따라 달라지기 때문에 화학 비료를 많이 사용해서 토양이 오염된 경우 미네랄 함량이 영향을 받을 수 있다. 그러나 비타민, 당질, 단백질, 지질 등 기본적인 영양소는 크게 달라지지 않는다. 그보다 아기의 건강을 위협하는 화학 농약의피해로부터 벗어날 수 있다는 것이 유기농 제품의 가장 큰 장점일 것이다. 이와 같이 소비자들이 바라는 유기농 식품은 안전하고, 믿을 수 있고, 품질이 좋고 건강에 도움이 되며 나아가 환경과 생태계에 도움이 되는 식품일 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.272-280
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• 1994

The weaning practice of infants from 5 to 12 months of age in the area of Chunchon, Kangwon-do was studied. Subjects were divided into 2 groups depending on residential area, monthly family income and mother's educational level. Parents of group 1 (n=90) received higher education and more monthly family income than those of group 2(n=32). The family income was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Mother's educational level has been markedly improved over 10 years, which affected the feeding methods before weaning in both groups(P<0.05). Group 1 appeared to be bottle-fed. Bottle-and mixed-feeding were mainly due to lack of breast milk. 95.6% of group 1 and 71.9% of group 2 started weaning before the age of 6 months and only 16.4% were completely finished regardless of the groups. Commercially prepared foods were used more than home-made for first given-supplementary food. 82.2% of group 1 received fruits and 84.4% of group 2 cookies/crackers as their main supplementary foods. As the motivation of onset of weaning, 'for baby's health and nutritional status' was the most common. These results demonstrate that there are distinct differences between these 2 groups in 1) the feeding methods prior to weaning, 2) time of onset of weaning, and 3) main supplementary foods, influenced by mother's educational level, economic purchasing power, or subjects birth order.