• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

We were studied that AZO conductive thin film can substitute for FTO electrode in dye sensitized solar cell. Three types of AZO films were deposited on soda-lime glass(AZO/glass, AZO/AZO/glass, textured AZO/AZO/glass) using RF magnetron sputtering process and investigated their properties of electrical, optical, and photoelectric conversion rate. The textured AZO/AZO/glass has the lowest resistivity of $3.079{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}cm$ among other films. And the optical transmittance rate was better than both non textured AZO/AZO/glass and FTO/glass in the visible region. After manufacturing dye solar cells using the three types of AZO films, the textured AZO/AZO/glass showed the highest photoelectric conversion rate of 3.68% among AZO samples. But the transformation rate was slightly lower than FTO cells (4.52%). However, the conductive film of textured AZO/AZO/glass can be applicable to use an electrode in solar cells as cost-effective products.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

In this article, we synthesized an azo dye rotaxane containing bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) group and its polymeric metal complex with zinc. The azo dye rotaxane exhibits high pH sensitivity, solvatochromism and zinc (II) ion sensings in aqueous solution. These behaviors came from the tautomeric equilibrium between azo-hydrazone tautomers and the formation of extended conjugation. The structure of polymeric zinc complexed dye rotaxane was confirmed with NMR and FT-IR measurements. The existence of CD rings, provided by dye rotaxane formation, was found to be very beneficial in improving aqueous solubility of polymeric metal complex.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1987

식품의 상품화에 따라 식품 첨가물의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 식품 첨가물로서 색소는 고유의 색소를 보존하기 어려운 식품에 따라 사용되며 tar 색소, 식물성 색소 및 광물성 색소로 나눌 수 있는데 tar 색소는 독성이 강한 것이 많으므로 현재 15종만이 법적으로 허용되어 있다. 이중 azo 화합물인 amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red에 대하여 흰 주위 hepatic azo reductase의 활성을 측정 비교하였고 이에 대한 flavin의 효과를 보았다. 1. Amaranth를 기질로 사용하여 kinetic constants $Km=645\;\mu\textrm{M}$, Vmax=50 n mol/min/mg protein의 값을 얻었다. 2. Amaranth의 농도를 일정하게 하고 FAD의 농도를 증가시켰을 때 hepatic azo reductase의 활성은 현저히 증가하였으나 NADPH-generating system에 의한 환원은 작은 증가를 나타냈다. 3. 기타 식용 azo 색소 tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red를 기지로 azo reductase activity를 측정한 결과 sunset yellow는 amaranth와 비슷한 환원활성은 나타냈고, tartrazine은 보다 낮은 환원활성을 allura red는 보다 높은 환원활성을 나타냈으며, $300\;\mu\textrm{M}-FAD$에 의해 기질 모두에서 환원활성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 1993

난분해성인 색소를 대사분해할 수 있는 미생물을 분리하여, 색소분해의 최적조건을 조사하였다. 미생물은 폐수처리공장의 폭기조에서 채취한 폐수로부터 agar media에서 순수분리하였다. 이 균주들을 glu­c cose, peptone, $Na_2HPO_45, KCI, MgSO_4, KH_2PO_4, NaCI, CaCI_2$와 dye(azo계, reactive red계 ) lOppm 을 함유한 액체 배지에서 dye의 분해력이 강하였으 며, 이때의 최적 pH는 중성 또는 약알칼리성이고, 최적 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$ 전후이다. 이 조건에서 10ppm의 m mono-azo(Lot No. 180), di-azo(Lot No. 138), re­a active red(Lot No.2)는 약 2일에 거의 분해되었고, di-azo(Lot No. 151), reactive red(Lot No. 34, L Lot No. 00166)는 약 5일에 거의 분해되었고, 최적 배지조건하에서 산소의 영향은 D.O를 50%로 유지 시켰을 경우보다 혐기성 배양의 경우가 reactive d dye(Lot No.2)의 분해도가 훨씬 높았다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.398-401
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• 2003

Azo dyes are aromatic compounds characterized by one or more azo bonds $(R_l-N=N-R_2)$. More than 800,000 tons of dyes are produced annually worldwide, of which 60-70% are azo dyes. During manufacturing, an estimated 10-15% is released into the environment. Aside from their negative aesthetic effects, certain azo dyes have been shown to be toxic and, in some cases, these compounds are carcinogenic and mutagenic. To establish biological wastewater treatment of azo dye, it is essential to discover azo dye-degrading microorganisms. In this report, sludge-contaminated with dyes were gathered through wastewater outlets from the industrial regions. The following to separation of bacteria within them, bacteria which decolorize methyl red, a azo dye, were selected and destined.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2017

Large absorption band shift has been observed for the azo-dye (disperse red-13, DR-13) attached on the surface of silica spheres. Urethane linkage has been utilized to form covalent bond between azo-dye (-OH) and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES, -N=C=O). The synthesized ICPTES-DR-13 (ICPDR) molecules were attached to the silica spheres by the hydrolysis and condensation reaction. Although the absorption peak of DR-13 in methanol is at 510 nm, the absorption peak of the ICPDR-silica spheres shifts to 788 nm. The large absorption peak shift is due to the formation of intramolecular charge-transfer band with large aggregated ICPDR.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.309-312
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• 2004

Aspergillus sojae B-l0 was immobilized and used to treat model dye compounds. The model wastewater, containing 10 ppm of azo dyes such as Amaranth, Sudan III, and Congo Red, was treated with cells attached to a rotating disc contactor (RDC). Amaranth was decolorized more easily than were Sudan III and Congo Red. Decolorization of Amaranth began within a day, and the dye was completely decolorized within 5 days of incubation. Both Sudan III and Congo Red were almost completely decolorized after 5 days of incubation. Semicontinuous decolorization of azo by reusing attached mycelia resulted in almost complete decolorization in 20 days. This experiment indicated that decolorization was successfully conducted by removing azo dyes with Aspergillus sojae B-10.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2003

The nonionic surfactant properties of ethoxylated azo dyes, such ai cloud point and surface tension have been investigated. The synthesized ethoxylated azo dyes could dye polyester fabric without any special pre-treatment. When the average number of ethylene oxide (EO) in the ethoxylated azo dye reached 6, its fixation could exceed $90^{\circ}C$ from the thermosol dyeing process. The average degree of condensation of ethylene glycol in the chain was interrelated with the dyeing results and did not affect on the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of the polyoxyethylene dye. When the average length of polyoxyethylene chain decreased, the molecular weight of dyes became smaller and the fixation of dyes was improved.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2009

Some phthalimidyl azo dyes containing N,N-diethyl or N,N-di($\beta$-methoxycarbonylethyl) group have been attempted to apply onto two kinds of polyurethane based materials and rationalize their dyeability and fastness comparing with those of some commercial disperse dyes. Phthalimidyl azo dye showed 66~98% of exhaustion yield at $120^{\circ}C$ by a conventional exhaust dyeing method. The dyeings were found to have a higher wash fastness with both fabrics in comparison with those of commercial dyes which indicates lower thermomigration and efficient alkali clearable properties of phthalimidyl ring and/or diester group during post-dyeing process.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2018

Azo dyes containing effluents from different industries pose threats to the environment. Though there are physico-chemical methods to treat such effluents, bioremediation is considered to be the best eco-compatible technique. In this communication, we discuss the decolorization potentiality of five azo dyes by Podoscypha elegans (G. Mey.) Pat., a macro-fungus, found growing on the leaf-litter layer of Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal, India. The fungus exhibited high laccase and very low manganese peroxidase activities under different culture conditions. Decolorization of five high-molecular weight azo dyes, viz., Orange G, Congo Red, Direct Blue 15, Rose Bengal and Direct Yellow 27 by the fungus was found to be positive in all cases. Maximum and minimum mean decolorization percentages were recorded in Rose Bengal (70.41%) and Direct Blue 15 (24.8%), respectively. This is the first record of lignolytic study and dye decolorization by P. elegans.