• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.294-301
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• 1989

상하부 2개의 노외계측기, 노입구관 온도 및 제어봉 위치 신호를 이용하여 상세한 축방향 출력분포를 계산할 수 있는 APDMS프로그램을 개발하였다. 상하부 2개의 노외계측기 신호가 제어봉 위치에 의하여 결정된 제어봉 간섭계수와 노입구관 온도에 따른 온도 간섭계수에 대하여 보정된 후 노심 주변출력을 얻기 위하여 보정된 노외계측기 신호에 shape annealing matrix가 적용되었다. 노심의 상하부 경계에서의 출력을 얻기 위해서는 평균 노심출력과 주변출력과의 선형적 관계를 이용한 노심 상하부의 평균출력에 경계점 출력보정계수가 적용되었다. 축방향 출력분포가 2개의 노외계측기에 의해 계산된 상하부 평균 노심출력, 상하부 경계면에서의 출력 및 미리 계산된 노심의 중심 위치에서의 출력을 이용하여 spline approximation에 의하여 계산되었다. 연소도, 출력준위, 제어봉 위치 및 axial offset의 변화에도 불구하고 고리 3호기 4주기에 대하여 BOXER 코드와 APDMS 프로그램에 의해 계산된 축방향 출력분포의 비교는 5% root mean square 오차내에서 일치함을 보여 주었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

This study addresses the modeling of a bi-directional outlet variable swash plate type axial piston pump with two EPPR valves and an analysis of the response characteristics to the angle control of that pump. In this paper, the combination of the EPPR valve and double rod type piston is referred to as the EPPR regulator. The EPPR regulator is compact and inexpensive, and has good responsiveness. Under actual pump operating conditions, because of the various external conditions of the pump, inertia is applied to the swash plate, generating the tilting torque. Also, the tilting torque can delay or shorten the response characteristics of the regulator. So we validated them through the analysis using SimulationX and these results allow users to freely integrate the EPPR regulator into the desired system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

In this paper an analytical model in a closed form able to reproduce the monotonic flexural response of external RC beam-column joints with smooth rebars is presented. The column is subjected to a constant vertical load and the beam to a monotonically increasing lateral force applied at the tip. The model is based on the flexural behavior of the beam and the column determined adopting a concentrated plasticity hinge model including slippage of the main reinforcing bars of the beam. A simplified bilinear moment-axial force domain is assumed to derive the ultimate moment associated with the design axial force. For the joint, a simple truss model is adopted to predict shear strength and panel distortion. Experimental data recently given in the literature referring to the load-deflection response of external RC joints with smooth rebars are utilized to validate the model, showing good agreement. Finally, the proposed model can be considered a useful instrument for preliminary static verification of existing external RC beam-column joints with smooth rebars for both strength and ductility verification.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.449-457
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• 2008

In this paper, a tuned liquid1) mass damper(TLMD) was proposed and experimentally investigated on its control performance, which can control bi-axial responses of building structures by using only one device. The proposed TLMD controls the structural response in a specific one direction by using a liquid sloshing of TLCD. Also, the TLMD reduces the response of structures in the other orthogonal direction by behaving as a TMD that uses mass of the container itself and liquid within container of TLCD installed on linear motion guides. Force-vibration tests on a real-sized structure installed with the TLMD were performed to verify its independent behavior in two orthogonal directions. Test results showed that the responses of a structure were considerably reduced by using the proposed TLMD and its usefulness for structural control in two orthogonal directions.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

It was previously suggested the design sensitivity analysis based on transmissibility function to identify the most sensitive response location over a small design modification. On the other hand, energy isoclines were used to predict the fatigue damage with acceleration response only. Both of previous studies commonly tackle the engineering problem using the acceleration response alone such that it may be possible to investigate the relationship between sensitivity analysis and accumulated fatigue damage. In this paper, it is suggested the novel method of vibration fatigue prediction using design sensitivity analysis to enhance the accuracy of predicted accumulated fatigue. Uni-axial vibration testing is performed with a simple notched specimen and the prediction of fatigue damage is conducted using accelerations measured at different locations. It can be concluded that the accuracy of predicted fatigue damage is proportional to the sensitivity index of the responsible location.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1497-1507
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• 2018

Most of previous studies on fire resistance of restrained steel beams neglected creep effect due to lack of suitable creep model. This paper presents a finite element model (FEM) for accessing the fire resistance of restrained high strength Q460 steel beams by taking high temperature Norton creep model of steel into consideration. The validation of the established model is verified by comparing the axial force and deflection of restrained beams obtained by finite element analysis with test results. In order to explore the creep effect on fire response of restrained Q460 steel beams, the thermal axial force and deflection of the beams are also analyzed excluding creep effect. Results from comparison infer that creep plays a crucial role in fire response of restrained steel beam and neglecting the effect of creep may lead to unsafe design. A set of parametric studies are accomplished by using the calibrated FEM to evaluate the governed factors influencing fire response of restrained Q460 steel beams. The parametric studies indicate that load level, rotational restraint stiffness, span-depth ratio, heating rate and temperature distribution pattern are key factors in determining fire resistance of restrained Q460 steel beam. A simplified design approach to determine the moment capacity of restrained Q460 steel beams is proposed based on the parametric studies by considering creep effect.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.417-436
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• 2014

During an earthquake, steel frame columns can be subjected to high axial forces combined with inelastic rotation demand resulting from story drift. Generally, the whole beam or component can be represented with one element. In elasto-plastic analysis, subdivision is necessary if the plastic deformation occurs within two ends of beams. If effects of the joint panel are necessarily considered in the analysis, the joint panel should be represented with an independent element. It is a special element to represent the shear deformation of the joint panel in the beam-column connection zone. Several analytical models for panel zone (PZ) behavior exist, in terms of shear force-shear distortion relationships. Among these models, the Krawinkler PZ model is the most popular one which is used in the AISC code. Some studies have pointed out that Krawinkler's model gives good results for the range of thin to medium column flanges thickness. This paper, introduces a new model to estimate the response of shear force-shear distortion for the PZ including column axial force. The model is applicable to both thin and thick column flange. To achieve an appropriate PZ mathematical model first, the effects of PZ strength and stiffness on connection response are parametrically studied using finite element models. More than one thousand and four-hundred beam-column connections are included in the parametric study, with varied parameters; then based on analytical results a simple mathematical model is presented. A comparison between the results of proposed method herein with FE analyses shows the average error especially in thick column flange is significantly reduced which demonstrates the accuracy, efficiency, and simplicity of the proposed model.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

테이퍼말뚝의 연직거동은 지반의 응력상태와 내부마찰각, 말뚝의 벽면마찰각, 말뚝의 테이퍼 각도에 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 테이퍼 각도가 말뚝의 연직거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 가압토조를 이용한 모형말뚝시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과에 따르면 말뚝의 테이퍼 각도가 커질수록 주면마찰력은 커지고 선단지지력은 감소하였으나, 단위 선단지지력의 경우 보통 상대밀도의 지반에서는 말뚝의 테이퍼 각도에 비례해서 증가하였으나 조밀한 지반에서는 테이퍼 각도에 따라 감소하였다. 그리고 말뚝의 전체지지력에 대한 주면마찰력의 비율은 테이퍼 각도가 커짐에 따라 그리고 지반의 상대밀도가 작아짐에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 말뚝의 단위 체적당 전체지지력은 지반이 느슨할 때는 테이퍼 각도에 따라 증가했지만 조밀한 지반에서는 테이퍼 각도에 따라 감소하였다. 따라서 테이퍼말뚝은 조밀한 지반보다는 느슨한 지반에서 더 경제성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.473-494
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• 2015

A graded harmonic finite element formulation based on three-dimensional elasticity theory is developed for the structural analysis of 2D functionally graded axisymmetric structures. The mechanical properties of the axisymmetric solid structures composed of two different metals and ceramics are assumed to vary in radial and axial directions according to power law variations as a function of the volume fractions of the constituents. The material properties of the graded element are calculated at the integration points. Effects of material distribution profile on the static deformation, natural frequency and dynamic response analyses of particular axisymmetric solid structures are investigated by changing the power law exponents. It is observed that the displacements, stresses and natural frequencies are severely affected by the variation of axial and radial power law exponents. Good accuracy is obtained with fewer elements in the present study since Fourier series expansion eliminates the need of finite element mesh in circumferential direction and continuous material property distribution within the elements improves accuracy without refining the mesh size in axial and radial directions.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2007

This paper describes the shape optimization of rotor blade in a transonic axial compressor rotor. Three surrogate models, Kriging, radial basis neural network and response surface methods, are introduced to find optimum blade shape and to compare the characteristics of object function at each optimal design condition. Blade sweep, lean and skew are considered as design variables and adiabatic efficiency is selected as an objective function. Throughout the shape optimization of the compressor rotor, the predicted adiabatic efficiency has almost same value for three surrogate models. Among the three design variables, a blade sweep is the most sensitive on the object function. It is noted that the blade swept to backward and skewed to the blade pressure side is more effective to increase the adiabatic efficiency in the axial compressor Flow characteristics of an optimum blade are also compared with the results of reference blade.