• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

Highly pathogenic avian influenza could not be identified visually. It takes time to identify the symptoms by its incubation period. Without taking a quick step, the diffusion area of HPAI has dramatically increased, the extent of damage becomes bigger. In network research, the algorithm of finding the central node on the network applied to various diffusion of epidemic problems, was used in control system of tracing the diffusion path, blocking central nodes. This study tried to make the diffusion of HPAI network model for the crowded farms area, and reduce the diffusion rate to control the high-risk farms.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.43-45
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• 2019

To establish appropriate conditions for a disinfectant efficacy test at subzero temperatures, this study examined mixtures of frozen foot-and-mouth disease virus or avian influenza virus solutions and disinfectant diluents at $-5^{\circ}C$ and monitored temperature and freezing status of an anti-freezing diluent (AFD, 15% ethanol + 30% propylene glycol + 55% distilled water) over time at various subzero temperatures. Viral solutions and disinfectant diluents froze before the mixtures reached $-5^{\circ}C$, whereas the AFD was not frozen at $-30^{\circ}C$. The times taken for the AFD to reach -10, -20, -30, and $-40^{\circ}C$ from room temperature were 36, 39, 45, and 48 min, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2011

If animal disease, i.e., livestock foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, brings out, animals have to be disposed to prevent the virus spreading. Mainly, animals have been disposed by carcass disposal. However, If not done properly, carcass disposal can lead to environmental problems, i.e., soil and ground water pollution, etc. Therefore, various disposal methods, i.e., rendering, cremation, etc., have to be considered with burial. Also, various supplement policies are needed to prevent the animal disease. The purpose of this study was to find effective solutions for the prevention and biosecurity of animal disease.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2018

We have developed an electromagnetic generator to bury in subcutaneous area or abdominal cavity of the birds. As we can't use a solar battery, it is extremely difficult to supply a power for subcutaneous implantation such as biosensors under the skin due to the darkness environment. We are aiming to test the antigen-antibody reaction to confirm an avian influenza. One solution is a very small generator with the electromagnetic induction coil. We attached the developed coil to chickens and pheasants and recorded the electric potential generated as the chicken walked and the pheasant flew. The electric potential generated with physical simulator is equal to or exceeds the 7 V peak-to-peak at maximum by 560/min of flapping of wings. Even if we account for the junction voltage of the diode (200 mV), efficient charging of the double-layer capacitor is possible with the voltage doubler rectifier. If we increase the voltage, other problems arise, including the high-voltage insulation of the double-layer capacitor. For this reason, we believe the power generated to be sufficient for subcutaneous area of birds. The efficiency, magnetic 2 mm in length and coil 15mm in length, if axial direction is rectified, the magnetic flux density given to the coil could calculated to 7.1 % and generated power average 0.47mW. The improvements in size and wire insulation are expected in the future.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2003년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.70-71
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• 2003

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.203-219
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• 2009

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is endemic in swine, and classified into influenza A and influenza C but not influenza B. Swine influenza A includes H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3 subtypes. Infection of SIV occurs in only swine and that of S-OIV is rare in human. What human can be infected with S-OIV is called as zoonotic swine flu. Pandemic 2009 swine influenza H1N1 virus (2009 H1N1) was emerged in Mexico, America and Canada and spread worldwide. The triple-reassortant H1N1 resulting from antigenic drift was contained with HA, NA and PB1 of human or swine influenza virus, PB2 and PA polymerase of avian influenza virus, and M, NP and NS of swine influenza virus, The 2009 H1N1 enables to transmit to human and swine. The symptoms and signs in human infected with 2009 H1N1 virus are fever, cough and sore throat, pneumonia as well as diarrhea and vomiting. Co-infection with other viruses and bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae can occur high mortality in high-risk population. 2009 H1N1 virus was easily differentiated from seasonal flu by real time RT-PCR which contributed rapid and confirmed diagnosis. The 2009 H1N1 virus was treated with NA inhibitors such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) but not with adamantanes such as amantadine and rimantadine. Evolution of influenza virus has continued in various hosts. Development of a more effective vaccine against influenza prototypes is needed to protect new influenza infection such as H5 and H7 subtypes to infect to multi-organ and cause high pathogenicity.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2010

The prevalence of major zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis and the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Jeonbuk province was monitored from 2004 to 2008. For tuberculosis, a total of 306 heads from 92 farms were positive during the surveillance period, which 228 heads were from 78 dairy farms and 78 heads from 14 Hanwoo farms. Based on the number of recurrent tuberculosis in 92 positive farms, 28 farms or 43.8% of the positive farms had 1-4 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. Based on brucellosis surveillance of 5,252 dairy cattle and 2,600,829 Hanwoo conducted during the same time period, 4,818 heads from 1,203 farms were positive for brucellosis, which 445 heads were from 111 dairy farms and 4,373 heads from 1,092 Hanwoo farms. Among the 1,203 positive farms, 473 farms or 39.3% of the positive farms had experienced 1-4 recurrent brucellosis during the surveillance. According to nationwide surveillance of HPAI, a total of 45 cases had been reported between 2004 and 2008. Among those outbreaks, 20 cases were reported in Jeonbuk province and 3 cases in 2006 and 17 case in 2008. For the regional distribution of 20 cases in Jeonbuk, 4 cases (48,490 chickens), 4 cases (23,066 chickens 66(1) and ducks 23,000(3)), 11 cases (183,077 chickens 63,077 (10) and quails 120,000 (1)), and 1 case (9,000 ducks) were reported in Iksan, Jeongeup, Gimje and Sunchang, respectively.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 열가수분해 기술을 이용하여 AI 발생으로 인해 살처분된 가금류 사체를 처리하고 연료화 가능성을 판단하고자 하였다. 실험결과 가금류 사체는 일부 모래를 제외하고 모두 액상화 되었으며, 운전온도 $190^{\circ}C$, 운전시간 60분에서 최적효율을 나타냈다. 열가수분해 후 발생한 액상생성물은 탄소 함유량과 발열량이 높고 회분의 함량이 낮아 연료화 하기에 좋은 조건을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 별도의 보조연료 투입 없이 연소 시 발생하는 폐열만을 활용해 열가수분해 설비를 운전하는 것이 가능하였으며, 연소 시 발생하는 배출가스는 대기에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1719-1727
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• 2014

In the present study, whispovirus immediate early 1 promoter (ie-1) was used to initiate surface expression of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Egyptian H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) by using the baculovirus expression vector system. The HA gene and whispovirus ie-1 promoter sequence were synthesized as a fused expression cassette (ie1-HA) and successfully cloned into the pFastBac-1 transfer vector. The recombinant vector was transformed into DH10Bac competent cells, and the recombinant bacmid was generated via site-specific transposition. The recombinant bacmid was used for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) insect cells to construct the recombinant baculovirus and to induce expression of the HA protein of H5N1 AIV. The recombinant glycoprotein expressed in Sf-9 cells showed hemadsorption activity. Hemagglutination activity was also detected in both extra- and intracellular recombinant HAs. Both the HA and hemadsorption activities were inhibited by reference polyclonal anti-H5 sera. Significant expression of the recombinant protein was observed on the surface of infected insect cells by using immunofluorescence. SDS-PAGE analysis of the expressed protein revealed the presence of a visually distinguishable band of ~63 kDa in size, which was absent in the non-infected cell control. Western blot analysis confirmed that the distinct 63 kDa band corresponded to the recombinant HA glycoprotein of H5N1 AIV. This study reports the successful expression of the HA protein of H5N1 AIV. The expressed protein was displayed on the plasma membrane of infected insect cells under the control of whispovirus ie-1 promoter by using the baculovirus expression vector system.