• 제목/요약/키워드: avian influenza

검색결과 224건 처리시간 0.031초

Evaluation of the disinfectant concentration used on livestock facilities in Korea during dual outbreak of foot and mouth disease and high pathogenic avian influenza

  • Kim, Seongjoon;Chung, Hansung;Lee, Hyesook;Myung, Donghoon;Choi, Kwanghoon;Kim, Sukwon;Htet, Swe Lynn;Jeong, Wooseog;Choe, Nonghoon
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.34.1-34.10
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    • 2020
  • Background: A nationwide outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea caused massive economic losses in 2010. Since then, the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) has enhanced disinfection systems regarding livestock to prevent horizontal transmission of FMD and Avian influenza (AI). Although the amount of disinfectant used continues to increase, cases of FMD and AI have been occurring annually in Korea, except 2012 and 2013. Objectives: This study measured the concentration of the disinfectant to determine why it failed to remove the horizontal transmission despite increased disinfectant use. Methods: Surveys were conducted from February to May 2017, collecting 348 samples from disinfection systems. The samples were analyzed using the Standards of Animal Health Products analysis methods from QIA. Results: Twenty-three facilities used inappropriate or non-approved disinfectants. Nearly all sampled livestock farms and facilities-93.9%-did not properly adjust the disinfectant concentration. The percentage using low concentrations, or where no effective substance was detected, was 46.9%. Furthermore, 13 samples from the official disinfection station did not use effective disinfectant, and-among 72 samples from the disinfection station-88.89% were considered inappropriate concentration, according to the foot-and-mouth disease virus guidelines; considering the AIV guideline, 73.61% were inappropriate concentrations. Inappropriate concentration samples on automatic (90.00%) and semi-automatic (90.90%) disinfection systems showed no significant difference from manual methods (88.24%). Despite this study being conducted during the crisis level, most disinfectants were used inappropriately. Conclusions: This may partially explain why horizontal transmission of FMD and AI cannot be effectively prevented despite extensive disinfectant use.

Molecular analysis of chicken interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 gene and transcriptional regulation

  • Jeong-Woong Park;Marc Ndimukaga;Jaerung So;Sujung Kim;Anh Duc Truong;Ha Thi Thanh Tran;Hoang Vu Dang;Ki-Duk Song
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제65권1호
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    • pp.183-196
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    • 2023
  • Interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), belonging to the FAM14 family of proteins and is localized in the mitochondrial membrane, where it plays a role in apoptosis. Transcriptional regulation of this gene is poorly understood in the context of inflammation by intracellular nucleic acid-sensing receptors and pathological conditions caused by viral infection. In this study, chicken IFI6 (chIFI6) was identified and studied for its molecular features and transcriptional regulation in chicken cells and tissues, i.e., lungs, spleens, and tracheas from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV)-infected chickens. The chIFI6-coding sequences contained 1638 nucleotides encoding 107 amino acids in three exons, whereas the duck IFI6-coding sequences contained 495 nucleotides encoding 107 amino acids. IFI6 proteins from chickens, ducks, and quail contain an IF6/IF27-like superfamily domain. Expression of chIFI6 was higher in HPAIV-infected White Leghorn chicken lungs, spleens, and tracheas than in mock-infected controls. TLR3 signals regulate the transcription of chIFI6 in chicken DF-1 cells via the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways, indicating that multiple signaling pathways differentially contribute to the transcription of chIFI6. Further research is needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying IFI6 transcription, as well as the involvement of chIFI6 in the pathogenesis of HPAIV in chickens.

국내 가금농장의 차단방역수준비교에 따른 고병원성 조류인플루엔자 발생 위험도 평가 (Risk Assessment of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza by Comparison of Biosecurity Level in Domestic Poultry Farms)

  • 소현희;배연지;모인필
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.313-325
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    • 2019
  • 일반적으로 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(HPAI; highly pathogenic avian influenza)가 발생을 하면 일정한 방역지역을 선정하여 그 범위 내의 농장에 대해서는 일괄적 살처분을 진행한다. 그러나 이러한 살처분은 산업에 막대한 경제적 손실을 줄 수 있지만, 방역 범위를 줄이게 되면 수평전파의 위험성이 커지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 가금농장의 차단 방역 수준과 HPAI 발생 위험도를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 마련하고, HPAI가 발생 시 방역지역에 포함된 농장들을 선별적으로 살처분을 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 국내 가금농장의 계종, 규모, 지역에 따라 전국적으로 8개의 농장을 선정하였으며, 일반관리 51항목, 방역관리 106항목, 위생관리 26항목으로 총 183 항목으로 나누어 차단 방역 수준을 평가하였다. 전반적으로 산란계 농장인 5개 농장(JS, GE, CS, HS, OE)이 복지농장 (CH), 육계농장(JG, LB)보다 종합적으로 높은 수준의 점수를 획득하였다. 산란계 농장은 대부분 130점에서 157점 사이에 있는 반면, 육계농장은 45점과 75점이었으며, 복지농장은 70점 수준으로 농장간 차단 방역 수준 편차가 심하였다. 평상시 가금농장의 HPAI 발생의 위험도도 일반관리, 방역 관리, 위생관리로 나누어 평가한 후 기존의 각 농장별 현재의 차단 방역수준과 서로 비교하였다. 현재의 차단 방역 수준이 HPAI 발생 위험도보다 높은 수준의 농장의 경우 대부분이 3개 관리 분야 중 방역 관리가 뛰어나다는 공통점이 있었으며, HPAI 발생 위험도가 현재의 차단 방역 수준을 능가하는 경우에는 대부분 3개 분야의 관리가 전반적으로 취약하였지만, 특히 방역 관리수준이 매우 낮은 점수를 취득하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서 제시한 가금농장의 차단 방역 수준 평가를 위한 항목들을 활용을 하면 현재 가금농장의 차단 방역 수준을 평가할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, HPAI 발생에 대한 위험도를 추정할 수 있다. 따라서, 이러한 위험도 평가를 HPAI 발생시 방역 지역 내 농장에 다른 요소들과 함께 적용을 한다면 선택적 살처분의 가능성도 높아질 것으로 판단된다.

한국의 가금질병 현황 (Current Situation of Poultry Diseases in Bores)

  • Kim, Ki-Seuk
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.137-150
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    • 1992
  • 한국에 있어서 양계산업은 대규모의 현대화된 농장과 오래된 소규모농장이 양립하고 있는 매우 복잡한 양상을 나타내고 있는 상황으로써 이러한 연유로 인해 각종 전염성 질병에 있어서도 혼란 된 역학적 상황이 야기되고 있는 실정이다. 국내에서 경제적으로 중요시되고 있는 주요 가금질병으로는 대사균증, 추백이, 마이코플라즈마 갈리셉티쿰 감염병, 전염성 코라이자, 전염성 활막염등의 세균성 질병, 뉴랫슬병, 계두, 마렉병, 조뇌척수염, 전염성 병, 전염성 후두 기관염, 전염성 기관지염 등의 바이러스성 질병 그리고 원충성 질병으로써 콕시듐병을 들 수 있다. 한편으로 가금 인풀루엔자, 가금콜레라 및 가금티푸스는 최근 수십연간 국내발생이 보고된 바 없으며 외래성 질병으로 간주되고 있다. 본고에서는 국내 발생하고 있는 상기 주요 가금질병들의 역학적 상태, 경제적 영향, 방제방안 및 최근 연구 활동에 대해서 논하였다.

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언론 건강 위험 보도의 환경 감시 기능과 게이트키핑 (News Media's Surveillance and Gatekeeping in Representing Health Risk)

  • 유명순;주영기
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.279-282
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    • 2010
  • Objectives: This study investigates whether Korean news media pay more attention to emerging diseases than chronic ones, and whether they closely follow the changes in the magnitude of health risks of chronic or well-known diseases. These two features are expected to appear as the result of surveillance function served by health journalism that should be the main source of the public's risk perception. Methods: The number of stories published in 10 newspapers containing the words, 'SARS,' 'Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy,' 'Avian Influenza,' and 'Influenza A virus' was compared with the number of stories on chronic or wellknown diseases. We also counted the annual number of stories, published in a 12-year period, containing following terms: 'cancer,' 'diabetes,' 'hypertension,' 'pneumonia,' and 'tuberculosis.' The number was compared with the actual mortality of each disease. Results: Although cancer represented the primary cause of mortality, the newspapers covered key emerging diseases more than cancer or other well-known diseases. Also, media coverage of 'pneumonia' and 'tuberculosis' did not vary in accordance with changes in the mortality of each disease. However, the news media coverage did vary in accordance with the mortality of 'cancer,' 'diabetes,' and 'hypertension.' Conclusions: Korean health journalism was found to have both strong and weak points. The news media reduced the relative level of attention given to pneumonia and tuberculosis. Bearing in mind the major influence of news coverage on risk perception, health professionals need to be more proactive about helping to improve Korean health journalism.

Molecular identification of the common viral respiratory viruses in backyard chickens in Basrah, Southern Iraq

  • Firas Taha Mansour Al-Mubarak;Harith Abdulla Najem;Hazim Talib Thwiny
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제63권4호
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    • pp.41.1-41.6
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    • 2023
  • Many viruses can infect different types of birds, with poultry being the most susceptible. These viral diseases have a direct negative impact on the poultry industry, with significant economic losses. This study examined a group of the most important viruses that infect backyard chickens in 2 specific areas of Basrah Governorate, south of Iraq. The study analyzed avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Two hundred and ninety oropharyngeal swabs, 150 from Abu Al-Khasib and 140 from Shatt Al-Arab regions in the Basrah governorate, were obtained from backyard chickens with clear respiratory signs. The samples were subjected to viral RNA extraction, and the viral nucleic acids were detected using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. The overall rate of viral infections was 74.8%, which varied depending on the type of virus: 15.8%, 31.3%, and 27.5% for AIV, NDV, and IBV, respectively. The NDV and IBV had much higher infection rates than that of AIV. In addition, the prevalence of AIV in the Shatt Al Arab district was significantly higher than in the Abul Khasib district. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the NDV and the IBV distributions in either of the targeted regions in this study.

Molecular Signatures in Chicken Lungs Infected with Avian Influenza Viruses

  • Jeong Woong Park;Marc Ndimukaga;Jaeyoung Heo;Ki-Duk Song
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.193-202
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    • 2023
  • 인플루엔자 A 바이러스(IAVs)는 많은 조류 종의 호흡 기관에 감염되며 사람을 비롯한 다른 동물로 전파될 수 있는 포장된 음극성 역전사 RNA 바이러스이다. 이 연구에서는 이전 연구의 마이크로어레이 데이터를 다시 분석하여 닭에서 공통 및 특이하게 발현되는 유전자(DEG) 및 그들의 생물학적 활동을 식별하였다. 고병원성(HPAIV) 및 저병원성(LPAIV) 인플루엔자 A 바이러스 감염된 닭 세포에서 각각 760개와 405개의 DEG가 발굴되다. HPAIV 및 LPAIV는 각각 670개와 315개의 DEG를 가지고 있으며, 이 중 90개의DEG가 두 바이러스에서 공유된다. HPAIV 감염으로 인해DEG의 기능 주석에 따르면 세포 주기의 기본적인 생물학적 기능과 연관된 다양한 유전자가 발굴되었다. 대상 유전자중에서 CDC Like Kinase 3(CLK3), Nucleic Acid Binding Protein 1(NABP1), Interferon-Inducible Protein 6(IFI6), PIN2 (TERF1) Interacting Telomerase Inhibitor 1(PINX1), 그리고Cellular Communication Network Factor 4(WISP1)의 발현은 polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid(PIC)로 처리된 DF-1 세포에서 변화되었다. 이것은 toll-like receptor 3(TLR3) 리간드인 TLR3 신호에 의해 이러한 유전자의 전사가 조절될 수 있음을 시사하며, 닭에서 AIV의 병리 생리학에 대한 더 나은 이해를 얻기 위해서는 AIV 감염 과정 중에 호스트 반응을 조절할 수 있는 메커니즘을 구명하는 데 더 많은 연구에 초점을 맞추는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다. 이러한 메커니즘에 대한 이해는 신규 치료 전략 개발에 활용될 수 있다.

Field and laboratory investigation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N8 in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam, 2020 to 2021

  • Trong Duc Tran;Suwicha Kasemsuwan;Manakorn Sukmak;Waraphon Phimpraphai;Tippawon Prarakamawongsa;Long Thanh Pham;Tuyet Bach Hoang;Phuong Thi Nguyen;Thang Minh Nguyen;Minh Van Truong;Tuan Pham Dao;Pawin Padungtod
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.20.1-20.15
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    • 2024
  • Background: Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease that causes illness and death in poultry and humans. High pathogenicity AI (HPAI) H5N6 outbreaks commonly occur in Quang Ninh province bordering China. In June 2021, the first HPAI H5N8 outbreak occurred at a Quang Ninh chicken farm. Objectives: This study examined the risk factors associated with HPAI H5N6 and H5N8 outbreaks in Quang Ninh. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Quang Ninh from Nov 2021 to Jan 2022. The cases were households with susceptible poultry with two or more clinical signs and tested positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The controls were households in the same village as the cases but did not show clinical symptoms of the disease. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the risk factors associated with HPAI outbreaks at the household level. Results: There were 38 cases with H5N6 clade 2.3.4.4h viruses (n = 35) and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (n = 3). Compared to the 112 controls, raising poultry in uncovered or partially covered ponds (odds ratio [OR], 7.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-39.27), poultry traders visiting the farm (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 2.7-27.69), farms with 50-2,000 birds (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.06-8-51), and farms with ≥ 2,000 birds (OR, 11.35; 95% CI, 3.07-41.94) were significantly associated with HPAI outbreaks. Conclusions: Combining biosecurity measures, such as restricting visitor entry and vaccination in farms with more than 50 birds, can enhance the control and prevention of HPAI in Quang Ninh and its spread across borders.

Genetic diversity of the H5N1 viruses in live bird markets, Indonesia

  • Dharmayanti, Ni Luh Putu Indi;Hewajuli, Dyah Ayu;Ratnawati, Atik;Hartawan, Risza
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.56.1-56.13
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    • 2020
  • Background: The live bird market (LBM) plays an important role in the dynamic evolution of the avian influenza H5N1 virus. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to monitor the genetic diversity of the H5N1 viruses in LBMs in Indonesia. Methods: Therefore, the disease surveillance was conducted in the area of Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Jakarta Province, Indonesia from 2014 to 2019. Subsequently, the genetic characterization of the H5N1 viruses was performed by sequencing all 8 segments of the viral genome. Results: As a result, the H5N1 viruses were detected in most of LBMs in both bird' cloacal and environmental samples, in which about 35% of all samples were positive for influenza A and, subsequently, about 52% of these samples were positive for H5 subtyping. Based on the genetic analyses of 14 viruses isolated from LBMs, genetic diversities of the H5N1 viruses were identified including clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 as typical predominant groups as well as reassortant viruses between these 2 clades. Conclusions: As a consequence, zoonotic transmission to humans in the market could be occurred from the exposure of infected birds and/or contaminated environments. Moreover, new virus variants could emerge from the LBM environment. Therefore, improving pandemic preparedness raised great concerns related to the zoonotic aspect of new influenza variants because of its high adaptivity and efficiency for human infection.

육계 농장 깔짚에서의 주요 바이러스 병원체 오염 실태 조사 (Monitoring of Major Viral Pathogen Contamination in New and Reused Broiler Farm Litter)

  • 최강석;전우진;이은경;권준헌;이진화;성환우
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 2011
  • 새 깔짚을 사용하는 16개 농가와 깔짚을 교체하지 않는 15개 농가를 대상으로 2009년 7월부터 11월까지 5개월에 걸쳐 농가당 2회 입식 기준으로 병아리 입식 전과 출하 전 깔짚을 수거하여 주요 바이러스 병원체의 오염 실태를 조사하고, 생산성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 조사 기간 동안 깔짚을 교체해 주는 농가의 75%(12/16농가)에서, 깔짚을 재사용하는 농가의 73%(11/15)에서 37주의 바이러스가 분리되었다. 바이러스분리 시기별로보면병아리 입식 직전계사에서3주, 육계 출하 직전 계사에서 34주가 분리되었다. 깔짚 형태로 보면 새 깔짚을 사용하는 계사에서 17주, 깔짚을 재사용하는 계사에서 20주가 분리되어 계사 내 바이러스 병원체 오염정도는 깔짚 교체여부와 크게 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 분리된 바이러스 37주는 병원체별로 보면 IBV 14주, IBDV 2주, FAdV 9주 그리고 CIAV 12주였다. 이 중 IBDV 1주와 CIAV 2주는 입식 직전 계사에서 분리되었다. 본 연구에서 조사한 31개 농장 62개 계군의 생산지수를 조사한 결과, 깔짚 교체 농가와 재활용 농가 간 생산성은 유의성이 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다.