• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2008

Abstract - Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine smoking status and the relates factors in the rural elderly. Methods: This study was conducted with 2,421 elderly people(male 1,273 and female 1,148) residing in the selected 25 villages, and face-to-face interviews with the subjects were made from January 1 through March 30, 2002. Results: The average age of the male subjects was 72.7 and that of the female subjects 72.8. The investigation of smoking states showed that for male subjects, smokers accounted for 49.4%, nonsmokers 26.9%, and abstainers from smoking 23.7% and that for female subjects, smokers accounted for 18.3%, nonsmokers 75.4%, and abstainers from smoking 6.3%. The level of ?low ADL? was significantly higher in abstainers. In men, smoking rate had higher in alone, non-job, queerstreet, 「high ADL」. In women, smoking rate had higher in younger age, queerstreet, unhealthy, 「high ADL」. Conclusions: The smoking rate of the elderly was relatively high, especially at abstainers. The smoking status of elderly was correlated with age, family type, job, economic status by self-assessment, Self-recognition of health status, ADL level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.479-482
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• 2012

Aim: Soy foods are the major source of isoflavones, which are believed to play important roles in genesis of breast cancer and its progression. We here conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association of soy isoflavone food consumption with breast cancer prognosis. Methods: A prospective study was performed from January 2004 and January 2006 in China. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire to collect information on dietary habits and potential confounding factors. The relative risk [hazard ratio (HR)] and 95% CI were calculated from the Cox regression model for all significant predictors from cancer diagnosis to the endpoint of the study (event). Results: After a median follow up of 52.1 months (range, 9-60 months), a total of 79 breast cancer related deaths were recorded in our study, risk being inversely associated with a high intake of soy isoflavone. With an average intake of soy isoflavone above 17.3 mg/day, the mortality of breast cancer can be reduced by about 38-36%. We also found the decreased breast cancer death with high soy protein intake, with a HR (95% CI) of 0.71 (0.52-0.98). Stratified analysis with reference to the ER status, further demonstrated a better prognosis of ER positive breast cancer with a high intake of soy isoflavone (HR 0.59, 0.40-0.93). Conclusion: Our study shows the soy food intake is associated with longer survival and low recurrence among breast cancer patients. A cohort study with a larger sample size and long term follow-up is now needed.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2003

개인의 신원정보 보호를 위하여 새로운 광 정보보호 시스템을 제안하였다. 개인 신원정보의 확인과 인증을 위하여 얼굴영상과 개인식별번호로 구성된 신원정보를 사용하였다. 영상 암호화는 4-f 광상관기의 입력과 푸리에영역에서 랜덤위상패턴을 사용하는 위상암호화 기술을 사용하였다. 그렇지만 암호화된 영상을 복원하는 과정에서 개인의 신원정보가 유출될 가능성이 있다. 이에 대처하기 위하여 신원확인 과정에서 영상을 복원하지 않고 암호화된 영상을 그대로 사용하였다. 암호화된 개인식별번호는 제안된 MMACE_p 필터를 사용하여 분류ㆍ인식하였고, 개인정보의 인증은 OWMF를 사용하여 얼굴영상의 상관치를 구하여 확인하였다. 제안된 MMACE_p 필터는 10개의 암호화된 숫자를 한꺼번에 인식할 수 있도록 4개의 MACE_p필터를 다중화하여 합성하였고, OWMF는 얼굴영상의 분리인식 능력과 SNR을 향상시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮤레이션을 통하여 제안된 정보보호기술이 개인신원정보 보호에 적용될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the current status and use of Gyungrodang located in Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si and to present improvement and implication for community care in rural area. Methods: The survey of the current status was conducted with interview and observations. The use status of Gyungrodang was surveyed for the elderly over 65 years old who live in Heungeop-myeon using questionnaire. A face-to-face interview was conducted to complete a questionnaire and 181 samples were collected for the study. Results: In the current status, some of the Gyungrodang did not operate during farming season. The external environment, in terms of accessibility, 74.2% of Gyungrodang were located more than 60 minutes on foot from community center, health post, and pharmacy. In addition, the interval between buses run minimum 15 minutes to 120 minutes on average. The internal structure, 35.7% was divided room and toilets. In the use status, the reason for non-use of the Gyungrodang was discomfort(29.0%), and the reason for using was because friends go to the Gyungrodang(44.6%). The most satisfying program was te health care program(65.6%). Implications: First, it is necessary to develop and operate customized health promotion program for target population and seasons. Second, it is necessary to make a plan focused on consumers' needs through satisfaction and demand survey. Third, it is necessary to divide the space of each Gyungrodang by gender when planning the expansion or new construction of Gyungrodang.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

Objectives : Health cooperative movement is of increasing concern among medical consumers and professionals in Korea. Most health cooperative clinics provide Western Medicine and Korean Medicine(KM) to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the primary care level of health cooperative KM clinics and compare it with local KM clinics in Korea. Methods : Face to face survey was performed at the 3 health cooperative KM clinics and 5 local KM clinics with the Korean Primary Care Assessment Tool (KPCAT). The KPCAT consists of 5 domains (21 items): first contact (5), coordination function (3), comprehensiveness (4), family/community orientation (4), and personalized care (5). Subjects were patients or guardians who had visited KM clinics five times or more during the last 3 months. We compared primary care scores of each domain between health cooperative KM clinics and local KM clinics. Results : Data were collected from 200 respondents (100 patients from health cooperative KM clinics and 100 local KM clinics). Total average scores of the KPCAT for health cooperative clinics and local KM clinics were $81.1{\pm}12.0$ and $75.4{\pm}9.5$, respectively. Among primary care domains, personalized care was the highest ($89.2{\pm}12.0$, $89.6{\pm}8.4$, respectively), and comprehensiveness function was the lowest ($68.5{\pm}22.5$, $54.5{\pm}22.0$, respectively). Significant differences between two groups were noted in comprehensiveness function (68.5 vs. 54.5, P=0.000), family-community orientation (79.5 vs. 73.0, P=0.004), first contact(89.2 vs 84.0, p=0.001) and coordination function(74.0 vs 68.7, p=0.025). Conclusions : Based on the patients assessment, health cooperative KM clinics provide more primary care-oriented services than local KM clinics. This means that health cooperative clinic can be one of alternatives to strengthen the primary health care in Korea. Future researches are recommended to measure patients satisfaction and treatment effectiveness in the health cooperative clinics.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1998

This study examined the proper roles of dietitian and nurse-teacher in the weight control program (WCP) in schools and the effect of the WCP on subjects with respect to anthropometric measurements, nutrition knowledge, dietary attiude, and behavior changes. The program consisted of six sessions of nutrition education and frequent face-to-face nutrition counseling. Subjects were 22 obese children in the 4th and 5th grade who underwent counseling and 18 obese children in another school who served as a control group. After two months of WCP, obesity index such as .elative body weight (RBW, from 135.7 to 132.5), tricep skinfold thickness (TSFT, from 34.9 to 32.8 mm), and body fat content (from 32.0 to 29.8%) had decreased significantly in the experimental group, while the control group showed no significant differences in these indices. The reductions in obesity indices were maintained in the experimental group except for fat content (32.6%), which returned to its original value within six months. The control group significantly increased fat content in the same period (from 31.2% to 36.2%). Both groups decreased RBW, TSFT, and fat content while midarm circumference and waist/hip ratio remained the same after one year. Subjects' nutrition knowledge was improved with average test scores from 15.1 to 16.7 while nutrition attitude and behavior test scores remained unchanged suggesting that behavior modification may require more time than knowledge acquirement. These results suggest that proper nutrition counseling can initiate weight reduction. However, the maintenance of controlled weight requires changes in attitude and behavior which have not been achieved by the present WCP. The role of school dietitian for WCP in this study was limited to assisting the nurse-teacher in nutrition education. Expansion of dietitian's role in nutrition education and counseling is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2663-2667
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• 2012

Objectives: An attempt was made to understand the nicotine dependence of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. Methods: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of nicotine dependence scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. Results: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age = 44.6 years, SD = 9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age = 44.5 years, SD = 10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 (SD: 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 (SD: 2.57) and 4.92 (SD: 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, SD 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate level of nicotine dependence was observed among smokers in the current study. Tobacco cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is completed before any intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6669-6671
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• 2014

Background: We here examined the awareness of female health employees (doctors, nurses, midwives) working in primary health care service about cervical cancer and its risk factors. Additionally attitude and behavior for gynecologic examination and pap smear screening wwere researched. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study con cerned female health employees working at primary health care services in two southern cities of Turkey, over a four month period in 2013. Participants were recently or previously sexually active research was explained and verbal informed consent was obtained face to face. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; socio-demographic characteristics and level of knowledge about cervical cancer and its risk factors. Results: The average age of the participants (midwives 43.7%, n=143; nurses 40.4%, n=132; doctors 6.4%, n=21; emergency medical technicians and others, 9.5%, n=31; total, n=327) was $30.9{\pm}6.41$ years. 64.2% (n=210) were working in Diyarbakir and 35.8% (n=117) in Batman. A large proportion reported low knowledge and inadequate screening practice Conclusions: Health employees should be better informed about the importance of screening for cancers, given their preventive roles for the general population.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2012

Background: Prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic characteristics have been reported by different studies from different geographical regions in the world. However, data from many Middle East countries including Iran (especially southern Iran) are scare. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic, psychological and socioeconomic factors in an Iranian population. Methods: In this population-based survey, the target population was comprised of subjects aged 20 to 85 years residing in Jahrom, southern Iran during 2009-2011. All eligible subjects were invited to participate in the study. Before a detailed questionnaire was given; face to face interviews were done for each individual. Results: There were 719 men and 874 women with an average age of 40.5 years at the onset of the study. Among the study population, 38.9% (620/1,593) complained of chronic pain, of whom 40.8% (253/620) were men and 59.2% (367/620) were women. Foot and joint pain were observed in 31.9%. Hip and spine pain, migraine and tension headaches, heart pain, and abdomen pain were observed in 21.5%, 15.5%, 9.5%, and 8.0% of chronic pain cases, respectively. There was a significant association among the covariables age, sex, overweight, educational level, income, and type of employment with chronic pain as the dependent variable (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings show the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic, psychological and socioeconomic factors. Individuals with low incomes and less education became accustomed to pain due to a lack of knowledge.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2015

Background: Once limited with face-to face courses, health education has now moved into the web environment after new developments in information technology This study was carried out in order to give training to the university academic and administrative female staff who have difficulty in attending health education planned for specific times and places. The web-supported training focuses on healthy diet, the importance of physical activity, damage of smoking and stress management. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Sakarya University between the years 2012-2013 as a descriptive and quasi experimental study. The sample consisted of 30 participants who agreed to take part in the survey, filled in the forms and completed the whole training. The data were collected via a "Personel Information Form", "Health Promotion Life-Style Profile (HPLSP)", and "Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the total points from "Health Promotion Life-Style Profile" and the total points from the sub-scale after and before the training (t=3.63, p=0.001). When the points from the multiple choice questionnaire after and before training were compared, it was seen that the average points were higher after the training (t=8.57, p<0.001). Conclusions: It was found that web-supported health training has a positive effect on the healthy living behaviour of female staff working at a Turkish university and on their knowledge of health promotion.