• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2020

High-pressure membrane system like nanofiltration(NF) and reverse osmosis(RO) was investigated as a part of water treatment processes to produce high quality potable water with low organic matter concentration through membrane module tests and design simulation. River water and sand filtration permeate in Busan D water treatment plant were selected as feed water, and NE4040-90 and RE4040-Fen(Toray Chemical Korea) were used as NF and RO membranes, respectively. Total organic carbon(TOC) concentrations of NF and RO permeates were mostly below 0.5 mg/l and the average TOC removal rates of NF and RO membranes were 93.99% and 94.28%, respectively, which means NF used in this study is competitive with RO in terms of organic matter removal ability. Different from ions rejection tendency, the TOC removal rate increases at higher recovery rates, which is because the portion of higher molecular weight materials in the concentrated raw water with increasing recovery rate increases. Discharge of NF/RO concentrates to rivers may not be acceptable because the increased TDS concentration of the concentrates can harm the river eco-system. Thus, the idea of using NF/RO concentrate as the raw water for industrial water production was introduced. The design simulation results with feed water and membranes used in this work reveal that the raw water guideline can be satisfied if the recovery rate of NF/RO system is designed below 80%.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2021

Background: In Korea, the length of stay and medical expenses incurred by medical aid patients are increasing at a rate faster than the national health insurance. Therefore, there is a need to create a management strategy for each type of hospitalization to manage the length of stay of medical aid patients. Methods: The study used data from the 2019 National Health Insurance Claims. We analyzed the factors that affect the length of stay for 186,576 medical aid patients who were hospitalized for more than 31 days, with a focus on the type of hospitalization in long-term care hospitals. Results: The study found a significant correlation between gender, age, medical aid type, chronic disease ratio, long-term care hospital patient classification, and hospitalization type variables as factors that affect the length of hospital stay. The analysis of the differences in the length of stay for each type of hospitalization showed that the average length of stay is 291.4 days for type 1, 192.9 days for type 2, and 157.0 days for type 3, and that the difference is significant (p<0.0001). When type 3 was 0, type 1 significantly increased by 99.4 days, and type 2 by 36.6 days (p<0.0001). Conclusion: A model that can comprehensively view factors, such as provider factors and institutional factors, needs to be designed. In addition, to reduce long stays for medical aid patients, a mechanism to establish an early discharge plan should be prepared and concerns about underutilization should be simultaneously addressed.

• 한국수처리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the radius of influence of effluent of water treatment system developed for the purpose of improvement of reservoir water quality using fluorescent dye (Rhodamine-WT) tracer experiment and 3-D numerical model. The tracer experiment was carried out in a medium-sized agricultural reservoir with a storage capacity of $227,000m^3$ and an average depth of 1.6 m. A guideline with a total length of 160 m was installed at intervals of 10 m in the horizontal direction from the discharge part, and a Rhodamine measurement sensor (YSI 6130, measurement range $0-200{\mu}g/L$) was used to measure concentration changes in time, distance, and depth. Experimental design was established in advance through Jet theory and the diffusion process was simulated using ELCOM, a three dimensional hydraulic dynamics model. As a result of the study, the direct effect radius of the jet emitted from the applied water treatment system was about 50-70 m, and the radius of physical effect by the advection diffusion was judged to be 100-120 m. The numerical simulations of effluent advection-diffusion of the water treatment system using ELCOM showed very similar results to those of the impact radius analysis using the tracer experiment and jet flow empirical equations. The results provide valuable information on the spatial extent of the water quality improvement devices installed in the reservoir and the facility layout design.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the variables associated with length of stay (LOS), hospital costs, intensive care unit (ICU) use, and treatment outcomes in patients hospitalized for maxillofacial infections at a tertiary medical center in South Korea. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients admitted for treatment of maxillofacial infections at Dankook University Hospital from January 1, 2011 through September 30, 2020. A total of 390 patient charts were reviewed and included in the final statistical analyses. Results: Average LOS and hospital bill per patient of this study was 11.47 days, and ₩4,710,017.25 ($4,216.67), respectively. Of the 390 subjects, 97.3% were discharged routinely following complete recovery, 1.0% expired following treatment, and 0.8% were transferred to another hospital. In multivariate linear regression analyses to determine variables associated with LOS, admission year, infection side, Flynn score, deep neck infection, cardiovascular disease, admission C-reactive protein (CRP) and glucose levels, number and length of surgical interventions, tracheostomy, time elapsed from admission to first surgery, and length of ICU stay accounted for 85.8% of the variation. With regard to the total hospital bill, significantly associated variables were age, type of insurance, Flynn score, number of comorbidities, admission CRP, white blood cell, and glucose levels, admission temperature, peak temperature, surgical intervention, the length, type, and location of surgery, tracheostomy, time elapsed from admission to first surgery, and length of ICU use, which accounted for 90.4% of the variation. Age and ICU use were the only variables significantly associated with unfavorable discharge outcomes in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: For successful and cost-effective management of maxillofacial infections, clinicians to be vigilant about the decision to admit patients with maxillofacial infections, perform appropriate surgery at an adequate time, and admit them to the ICU.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

KRC (Korea Rural Community Corporation) is in charge of about 3,400 agricultural reservoirs out of 17,240 agricultural reservoirs, and automatic water level gauges in reservoirs and canals were installed to collect reservoir and canal water level data from 2010. In this study, 10-minute water level data of 173 reservoir irrigation canals from 2016 to 2018 are collected, and discharge during irrigation season was calculated using rating curves. For estimation of water supply, irrigation water requirement was calculated with HOMWRS (Hydrological Operation Model for Water Resources System), and the summation of reservoir water storage decrease was calculated with daily reservoir storage data from RAWRIS (Rural Agricultural Water Resource Information System). From the results, the total yearly amount of irrigation water supply showed less than 10% difference than the irrigation water requirement. The regional analysis revealed that reservoirs in Jeollanam-do and Chungcheongnam-do supply greater irrigation water than average. On the contrary, reservoirs in Gyeongsangnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do supply less than others. This study was conducted with a limited number of reservoirs compared to total agricultural reservoirs. Nevertheless, it can indicate irrigation water supply from agricultural reservoirs to provide information about agricultural water use for irrigation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1376-1383
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of 12-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (12-KETE)-induced placenta release on the performance of mother cows (milk yield, ovarian function, and blood plasma biochemical properties). Methods: Experimental treatments were as follows: i) natural delivery including natural placental release (control cows); ii) induced calf delivery with placental retention (RP cows); and iii) induced calf delivery and 12-KETE-induced placental release (KE cows). Delivery in pregnant KE cows was induced with dexamethasone and prostaglandin. These cows were injected with 12-KETE after calf discharge, resulting in the release of the fetal placenta. RP cows were not treated with 12-KETE after inducing delivery, resulting in placental retention. Results: The milk yield in RP cows during the first 50 days after delivery was significantly lower than that in control cows (p<0.05), whereas KE cows exhibited a similar milk yield to that of control cows. The postpartum plasma progesterone levels of control cows increased 14 days after delivery on average; however, its increase was delayed by 10 days in RP cows. Meanwhile, the 12-KETE treatment (KE cows) brought the timing of progesterone increase forward to the normal level (control cows). Among the 20 biochemical parameters examined, the total cholesterol levels in blood plasma 14 days after delivery were lower in RP cows than that in the other two treatment groups (control cows and KE cows) (p<0.05). In addition, the plasma level of haptoglobin tended to be low in cows that discharged their placentas shortly after delivery. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 12-KETE treatment can alleviate the disorder caused by placental retention.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze 3 years of inpatient ophthalmology consultation to Korean medicine ophthalmology, otolaryngology & dermatology department in Korean medicine hospital. Methods : We classified ophthalmological inpatient consultations between September 1st, 2019 and August 31st, 2022, based on electronic medical record by gender, age, hospitalized department, categories of diseases. Results : Total number of consultations were 111, and the average of age was 63.6. The proportion of female and male were 2.5:1. Among the 136 cases of eye disease referred, lacriminal production and discharge diseases accounted for the most at 54 cases(39.7%), of which 44 cases were dry eyes syndrome. Excluding dry eye syndrome, conjunctival disease occurred the most with 24 cases(17.6%). Consultations from department of Korean rehabilitation medicine, and Korean internal medicine were most common, because they have a comparatively large number of inpatients and long hospitalization period. Conclusions : This study identified the frequency of consultation and the disease group with many requests for each department. When inpatients complain of eye disease, consultation to Korean medicine ophthalmology, otolaryngology & dermatology department should be encouraged as accurate diagnosis and treatment using specialized equipment is possible and can be used for the purpose of progress observation and examination.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.209-224
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• 1999

I have practiced this reserch for the purpose of proposition of basic data for amendment and addition of computer system after I surveyed the degree of abilities and satisfaction on the computerization in nursing\ practice. Subjects were collected from September 1 to September 30, 1998. Study subjects are 151 clinical nurses who are working at university hospital in Chonbuk area. Study instrument consists of 116 questionnaire which was developed by Kim H. K(1998). The data were analized number, mean ,t-test, ANOVA by using SPSS. The study results are as follows: 1. Most of the nurses who answered the questions were educated computerizing(96%). The abilities of computer program utilities were the most in inputting data(74%). The program nurses wanted computerizing education was wordprocess, dealing internet and statistics. 2. As for applying parts of computer system in nursing, the most nurses were Dr's order check (96%), treatment activity(91.4%), medication(89.4%), lab. test(87 .4%), transfering department(85.4%), transfering room(79.5%), diet(71.8%), discharge (70.2%), Barcord Sticker(70.2%) , reservation(62.2%) in order that were all conected order system mutually to other part. It showed that computer system was not applied for treating the original nursing work such as nursing record (13%), duty scheduling(6.0%) , nursing process(4.6%) , Q.I(1.3%), nursing research(1.3%), education(1.3%), 3. As for the benefit when computer system is applied for, the most respondence was promptness of work and convenience(90.6%) , exactness of work (82.8%), offering information exactily and efficiently(36.3%), offering good quality of nursing (6.0%) in order. 4. The degree of contentment on computerizing in nursing practice showed average 3.24%. The best marking item is that they are eager to participate in the computer education. Next, the automatic output of label and giving the number automatically is to prevent loss and mentioned items of patient registration from being changed(3.95) and to prevent mistakes possibly happening because of doctor's difficult order(3.85). 5. The problems which may happen to in nurses' utilization of computerization for the nursing practice showed average 3.18. The most problem is that the practice may stop because of the problem of computer itself(3.67), and the next, the indication of act can be imperfect(3.66) , manual training may overlap because of incomplete computerization (3.60), practical education for the computerizing is lack(3.41), and the computer literate nurses are lack(3.40) . 6. Study subject's contentment by age was significant difference(F=3.10,P=0.0119). Study subject's contentment by job posision was significant difference(F=6.001P=0.0034) I will propose the following according to the above results. The domain of original nursing practice is urgernt. Manual and indication of act should be made before long in computer obstacle. Nursing department should support the nurses so that they could receive the education needed for the nurses themselves.

• 지질공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2013

보의 건설 및 하천 단면의 증가는 하천 수위 상승과 호우기 유출량의 증가를 가져왔다. 낙동강 중하류에 설치된 23개의 지하수 관측망 지하수위 자료를 사용하여 보 담수 전후의 지하수위 시계열 변동 유형의 변화를 분석하였다. 월평균 지하수위 자료를 토대로 담수 전후의 지하수위를 비교한 결과 보의 직상류 주변 지역에서 지하수위 변동이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 8월의 경우 하천 수위 조절 효과로 월평균 지하수위가 0.1 m 감소하였으나 10월에는 1.3 m 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 지하수위 시계열 자료와 하천 수위 자료를 사용하여 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 담수 이전에는 7개 지하수 관측망의 자료가 하천 수위와 유사성 거리가 가까운 그룹이었으나, 담수 이후에는 14개로 증가하여 하천 수위와 유사한 그룹의 범위가 넓어졌다. 지하수위 시계열에 대한 주성분분석 결과, 담수 이전에는 하천 변동성을 대표하는 주성분(주성분 1과 주성분 2)의 설명력이 총 82%이었으나, 담수 이후에는 하천 변동성을 설명하는 주성분(주성분 1)의 설명력이 45%로 줄어들어 지하수위 자료를 설명하는데 하천 요인의 기여도가 줄고 인위적인 양수 등과 같은 기타 요인의 기여도가 높아졌다. 이와 같이 변화되는 수문 환경에 대비하여 지속적인 조사 및 관측이 필요하며, 하천 주변에서는 지표수와 연계되는 지하수 관리 정책이 수립될 필요가 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

In this study, the load of the river was calculated by using the actual data of the Yeong-bon C1, Yeong-bon C2, Yeong-bon C3 monitoring points of the Yeong-san river watershed to determine the excess. As a result, the BOD is 75.83 % at the Yeong-bon C1 and the five-year average value is higher than at other points. The Yeong-bon C3 was 72.15 % and Yeong-bon C2 was analyzed as 68.78 %. The five-year average of the T-P was 71.95 % for the Yeong-bon C2 and 69.86 % for the Yeong-bon C3 and 69.16 % for Yeong-bon C1; these levels exceeded the target water quality standards of 50 %. As a result of analyzing the pollutant load, we found that the Yeong-bon C1 has been highly affected by the nonpoint pollution source because the excess rate is high in the upper section of the flow rate. The Yeong-bon C2 showed a high excess rate in the lower part of the flow rate, and it was estimated that the influence of the point pollution source was large. The excess rate of the Yeong-bon C3 is small in the interval deviation, and it was evaluated as being affected by both point and non-point pollution sources. The TMDL monitoring network data were used to estimate the exceed ratio for the target water quality assessment, and the implementation evaluation was made by the flow exceedance probability interval to analyze the monitoring data so that the data could be utilized according to the purpose of the measurement network.