• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.962-970
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• 2022

비알코올성 지방간염(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)은 비알코올성 지방간 질환(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)의 진행질환으로, 중성지방 침착, 염증 및 간 섬유화가 동반되어 간경변증과 간암의 원인이 되는 질환이나, 아직까지 비알코올성 지방간염을 치료하는 뚜렷한 치료제가 없는 실정이다. Poricoic acid (PoA)는 복령의 약효성분으로 여러 약리작용이 보고되었으나 비알코올성 지방간염의 치료 효능은 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PoA가 비알코올성 지방간염의 병인에 작용하여 비알코올성 지방간염을 억제하는지를 in vivo 및 in vitro 연구를 통해 확인하였다. 비알코올성 지방간염을 유도하는 식이(high fat and methionine-choline deficient diet, HFMCD)로 비알코올성 지방간염을 유발한 쥐에서 PoA는 HFMCD에 의해 증가된 간 무게를 감소시켰으며, 간 독성을 나타내는 alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase도 감소시켰다. Oil Red O 염색 및 hematoxylin & eosin 염색의 결과에 의하면, PoA는 HFMCD에 증가하는 간 조직 내 중성지방의 생성을 감소시켰으며, qPCR 결과에 의해서도 PoA는 중성 지방 합성과 관련된 유전자들의 발현도 감소시켰다. 또한 간 조직에서 CD68 면역 염색 결과에 의하면, PoA는 HFMCD에 의해 증가는 CD68 면역 염색을 감소시켰으며, 염증과 관련된 유전자 발현도 감소시켰다. 더욱이 Sirius red 염색과 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) 면역 염색으로 간 섬유화 정도를 측정한 결과, PoA는 HFMCD에 증가되는 sirius red 염색과 α-SMA 면역 염색을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며 섬유화 관련 유전자들의 발현도 감소시켰다. 또한, PoA는 palmitate (Pa)로 처리한 간세포 AML12에서 Pa에 의해 증가하는 중성 지방산 합성, 염증 및 섬유화 관련 유전자들의 발현을 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 PoA는 비알코올성 지방간염의 중요 병인인 중성지방 생성, 염증 및 섬유화를 억제하여 비알코올성 지방간염을 억제함을 확인하였다.

• 커뮤니케이션디자인학연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.90-101
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• 2019

한국은 6.25, 일제식민통치 및 남북분단, 군사독재 정치로 인해 정체성을 형성한 독자적 국가 이미지를 창출함에 큰 어려움을 겪었다. 현대에는 각종 행사와 K-POP등 한류열풍을 일으키며 한국의 정체성을 찾고 전파하고 있는 중이다. 하지만 한국의 정체성을 대표하는 이미지와 문화상품들이 여전히 부재이기에, 고유문화와 관련된 디자인 콘텐츠 개발 및 전문적인 문화상품 디자인 개발이 필요하다. 프랑스, 일본 등 디자인 강국들은 국가적 디자인 정책 사업에 자국의 전통문화의 가치를 부여할 수 있는 디자인 사업에 집중하는 내용이 국가적 핵심 디자인사업이다. 한국의 전통 콘텐츠도 전문적이고 지속적인 이미지 디자인 개발 및 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국의 대표적인 길상문화인 오복(五福) 중에서 옛사람과 현대인에 이르기까지 가장 관심을 가지고 염원하는 수복강녕(壽福康寧) 즉 '건강하게 오래 사는 것' 과 관련된 옛사람들의 예술품을 연구하여 이를 통해 문화상품 디자인 적용 및 디자인 콘텐츠의 활용으로 발전시켜 현대의 '100세시대' 라는 트렌드에 맞는 한국의 주체적인 디자인 상품과 이미지를 제작함에 있어 다양성과 방향성을 제시함에 고찰해보고자 한다. 한국의 전통예술품에 나타나는 길상문화 중에서 대표적인 수복강녕의 이미지를 국립민속박물관의 수복(壽福) 관련 특별전에 근거한 이미지들을 중심으로 연구하여, 주요하게 사용된 특징과 의미를 발견하고, 반복되는 패턴 및 문양콘텐츠를 연구하여, 현대적 문화상품디자인에 적용되고 있는 디자인 사례를 조사하여 분석한다. 또한 수복과 관련된 디자인 콘텐츠를 통해 한계점을 알고 활용할 수 있는 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 첫째, 문화상품은 디자인 상품 개발 부족, 홍보처와 판매처 부족, 전통문화에 대한 인식부족이라는 한계점을 가지고 있으며 이는 국가적 차원의 정책적 지원과 의식 개혁이 선행되어야 한다. 둘째, 시장의 요구에 맞는 가격의 합리화가 필요하다. 셋째, 실용성을 갖춘 문구류와 생활용품 위주로 전통적 디자인을 활용 및 보급시켜야 문화상품 디자인과 전통관련 콘텐츠가 더욱 쉽게 정착화 되고 보급화 될 수 있다. 넷째, 한국문화사상과 미의식 연구가 바탕이 된 다양한 한국적 이미지의 콘텐츠 개발이 필요하다. 조형적 이미지만 개발할 것이 아니라 디자이너들의 한국적 문화에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 다섯째, 전통적 제작방식과 소재도 현대에 존중받아야 하나, 전통을 소재로 현대적 제작방식의 제품들이 경제성과 내구성도 함께 갖추며 다양하게 개발되어야 한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.828-834
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• 2023

쌍별귀뚜라미(Gryllus bimaculatus)에서 분리한 막전단백질 258(transmembrane protein 258, Tmem258)을 코딩하는 cDNA를 GbTmem258로 이름 붙였다. 이 단백질은 80개의 아미노산으로 구성되어 있으며, N-glycosylation site가 없고, 각각 2개의 serine과 threonine, 1개의 tyrosine 잔기로 구성된 5개의 잠재적 인산화 부위를 가지고있다. GbTmem258 단백질은 분자량은 9.06 kDa이며 이론적 등전점은 5.5으로 계산되었으며, alpha-helix (52.5%), random coils (22.5%), extended strands (16.25%), beta turns (8.75%)의 2차 구조 정보를 기반으로 GbTmem258의 3차 구조가 작성되었다. 그리고, GbTmem258은 다른 종의 Tmem258와 아미노산 수준에서 높은 상동성을 보였다. 이 연구에서는 기아와 먹이 공급에 의해 GbTmem258 발현 조절이 어떻게 영향을 받는지 조사하였다. 기아가 지속되는 동안 hindgut에서 GbTmem258 발현이 점진적으로 증가하여 기아 6일 후 대조군보다 1.5배 높은 수준이 되었다. 그러나 6일간의 기아상태가 끝난 후 하루 또는 이틀 동안 다시 먹이를 주면 GbTmem258 발현이 대조군 수준으로 회복되었다. 지방에서는 기아 동안 대조군에 비해서 GbTmem258 발현이 최대 3배까지 증가했지만, 6일 기아 후 하루 또는 이틀 동안 다시 먹인 후에는 발현이 약 2.5배 증가로 감소되었다. 굶기고 다시 먹이는 실험 내내 각각의 조직에서 주목할만한 GbTmem258 발현은 관찰되지 않았다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-101
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• 1981

Under the full consideration of the growing need and importance of population education in the field of home economics in Korea, the study was carried out to verify and assess the following facts on the current issues of population education of home economists who are presently engaging in teaching professions as the teachers of middle and high school and professors of college and universities by setting its primary objectives of the study as followings; 1) to assess the degree of general knowledge and attitudes of home economists toward population education in the field of home economics, 2) to verify the problems encountered in implementing population education by home economists in its field, 3) to find an existing status of previous trainings received and other activities of population education of home economists aimed at utilizing these findings as a part of reference materials when the population education is conducted in the field of home economics. In order to attain these objectives described above, the questionnaire was carefully designed to house a total of 40 questions with good combination of multiple-choice and the simple answer questions. The mail questionnaire survey was conducted by establishing teachers of home economics at middle/high schools and college/universities as Senior Home Economists(SHE) who are from public, private liberal arts and vocational schools. The rate of response observed during the survey was 45.6 percent and the findings of the survey research are as follows: 1) Examining the status of the respondents by residence and religion, it was found that 45 percent of middle & high school teachers ar.d 59. 1 percent of college professors are residing in Seoul city area and that the largest percent of them are christian in their religion. Analyzing respondents by their ages, 56 percent of middle/high school teachers are in their 30s, 45 percent of college professors are in their 40s, and 37 percent of college teachers are in their 30s. In addition, 13 percent of the total respondents are found to be unmarried. The study also revealed that 71 percent of the college professors finished Master Degree course and 82 percent of middle/high school teachers are graduated from college level lasting 4 years. Looking over the status cf major fields of respondents, 68.4 percent of middle/high school teachers are specialized in home economic education and the college professors, on the other hand, show relatively even prortion by specializing in the order of food & nutrition science, clothes & textile science and home managerial science. As far as the length of teaching experience is concerned, a relatively longer period of teaching experience is observed in the college professors in comparison with that of middle/high school teachers. In other words, 33.3 percent of middle/high school teachers are experienced in teaching from 6 to 10 years on average while 43.9 percent of college professors show more than 16 years of experience. 2) Examining the status of existing number of children cf the respondents, one boy and one daughter pattern is predominant, showing 28.5 percent in middle/high school teachers and 21.1 percent in college professors. As for the desired number of children of unmarried respondents, it is observed that 43.8 percent of middle/high school teachers desire to have one boy and one girl, and 31.3 percent of college professors want to have one child regardless of the sex. By assessing the degree of awareness of the population education through their students, it is observed that 53 percent of middle/high school teachers and 50 percent of college professors are aware of population education in some extent and that a majority of respondents took the positive attitudes toward an inclusion of family planning components into the formal school education. Another noteworthy to observe is that a total of 84.8 percent out of middle/high school teachers pointed that the population education currently conducted at schools as a part of home economics are less sufficient than it should be. 3) Analyzing the tendency as to whether the respondents were experienced in receiving population education during the time when they were students, 75 percent of college professors and 59 percent of middle/high school teachers responded negative answers in the survey. In the mean time, a total of 50 percent of the respondents replied that they began to acknowledge the importance of population education mainly through the participation of some sort of population-education orientend seminars, experienced by 40 percent of college professors and 80 percent of middle/high school teachers. 4) What it calls attention in this study was to find that 96.5 percent of middle/high school teachers and 72 percent of college professors conduct population education to some extent during their lecture hours and that more than 80 percent of them are never experienced in teaching population and family planning contents in their regular classes. It is, on the other hand, found that no more than once was the response of those who believe themselves that they are experienced in teaching these relevant components to their students. Analyzing the contents of the subjects being taught in the class, a large percent of them are found to be consisted of population and family planning contents. According to this study, the current population education through the formal school is quite inactive. Analyzing the facts, 44.9 percent of the college professors responded that the population and family planning components are quite apart from their specialization which eventually generates lack of interest in the field. 5) It is also noticed through the study that the degree of frequency of commenting on population and family planning contents during the classes was depending significantly on their specializations which means that the degree of frequency varies from a major to another. Those who majored in home managerial science was the first one, as compared to others who majored in different specializations. Glancing over the status of correlations between ages of the respondents and numbers of seminar paticipation, it is quite clear that the aged group participated more than the younger group did, and that the most highest number of participations made by college professors were those who are in 50s. In addition, it is also found that those who are aged 20s and 60s of the respondents were the group who comments least on the contents of population and family planning at their classes. The suggestions and recommendation made through this survey research are as follows. 1) No one denies that the rapid increase of population, as compared to the limited size of land and resources, will certainly affect adversly to an enhancement of individual life quality which will, eventually, bring forth the poverty of the nation. This is the reasson why we are insisting that the world population be controlled up to an optimum level with a matter of global concerns. It is our understading that the primary aim for reducing number of population is believed to be attained only by conducting the systematic and comprehensive population education through the formal schools. Therefore, the role of home economists in the field of population/family planning education is considered very importment due to the fact that an ultimate goal of population education is placed in elevating the quality of family life by having optimum number of children through family planning program. 2) It is quite clear that home economists as teachers of formal school in all level are invited to pay their attention on redefining the ultimate goal of education and that of population education. We also understant that the primary objective of population education is to change the norm and value of the clients by replenishing the students with pertinent knowledge and attitudes on population and its related problems through a sort of education in order to attain the ultimate goal for enhancing the quality of life. There is no exception in the theory of home economics. An altimate goal of home economics is to elevate the general quality of life through an establishment of value existed in daily life. Considering the relations between population education and home economics, it is quite indespensable to bandle population components as an integral part in the field of home economics. We believe, therefore, that the senior home economists positive participation in the effort population control is more needed than it has been. 3) It is also strongly urged that population education should be a part of instructor training course for home economics. In other words, the teacher of home economics should be well aware of population and its problems by teaching interrelationship between population education and home economics, needs, contents and methods of population education during the instructor training courese for home economics. In addition, the senior home economists should be encouraged through positive participation on the short term training by types of domestic and international seminar, workshop, etc. 4) We certainly believe that the population education can not sustain itself without any backing-up of information and findings' of various and comprehensive researches of natural and social sciences. Accordingly, every senior home economist is invited to exert their maximum effort to conduct systematic study with an aim to utilize these findings and information at best in population education in the field of home economics. Therefore, we consider that the development of training material is imminent in order to provide effective and efficient population education through the for training of home economies. It should be noted that these training materials must be carefully designed, tailored and developed to meet the different classes of trainees under the considerations as to whether it is easily adaptable and infusable into the curricula of every field of home economics, and it is acceptable in the degree of difficulty and quality in its contents. 5) It is true that there are many domestic and international research rapers, reports and findings in the field of population education and family planning. However, there is a tendency that the most of research papers are heavily relying on the authors intension and preferences in its expression and publication. Under these circumstances, it is urged that the home economists should aware of the growing need of the technical training in order to keep these available information and research findings reprocessed and redesigned to insure the practical application into the population education in the field of home economics in Korea.

• 물과 미래
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1976

Because of differences in thoughts and ideology, our country, Korea has been deprived of national unity for some thirty years of time and tide. To achieve peaceful unification, the cultivation of national strength is of paramount importance. This national strength is also essential if Korea is to take rightful place in the international societies and to have the confidence of these societies. However, national strength can never be achieved in a short time. The fundamental elements in economic development that are directly conducive to the cultivation of national strength can be said to lie in -a stable political system, -exertion of powerful leadership, -cultivation of a spirit of diligence, self-help and cooperation, -modernization of human brain power, and -establishment of a scientific and well planned economic policy and strong enforcement of this policy. Our country, Korea, has attained brilliant economic development in the past 15 years under the strong leadership of president Park Chung Hee. However, there are still many problems to be solved. A few of them are: -housing and home problems, -increasing demand for employment, -increasing demand for staple food and -the need to improve international balance of payment. Solution of the above mentioned problems requires step by step scientific development of each sector and region of our contry. As a spearhead project in regional development, the Saemaul Campaign or new village movement can be cited. The campaign is now spreading throughout the country like a grass fire. However, such campaigns need considerable encouragement and support and the means for the desired development must be provided if the regional and sectoral development program is to sucdceed. The construction of large multipurpose dams in major river basin plays significant role in all aspects of national, regional and sectoral development. It ensures that the water resource, for which there is no substitute, is retained and utilized for irrigation of agricultural areas, production of power for industry, provision of water for domestic and industrial uses and control of river water. Water is the very essence of life and we must conserve and utilize what we have for the betterment of our peoples and their heir. The regional and social impact of construction of a large dam is enormous. It is intended to, and does, dras tically improve the "without-project" socio-economic conditions. A good example of this is the Soyanggang multipurpose dam. This project will significantly contribute to our national strength by utilizing the stored water for the benefit of human life and relief of flood and drought damages. Annual average precipitation in Korea is 1160mm, a comparatively abundant amount. The catchment areas of the Han River, Keum River, and Youngsan River are $62,755\textrm{km}^2$, accounting for 64% of the national total. Approximately 62% of the national population inhabits in this area, and 67% of the national gross product comes from the area. The annual population growth rate of the country is currently estimated at 1.7%, and every year the population growth in urban area increases at a rising rate. The population of Seoul, Pusan, and Taegu, the three major cities in Korea, is equal to one third of our national total. According to the census conducted on October 1, 1975, the population in the urban areas has increased by 384,000, whereas that in rural areas has decreased by 59,000,000 in the past five years. The composition of population between urban and rural areas varied from 41%~59% in 1959 to 48%~52% in 1975. To mitigate this treand towards concentration of population in urban areas, employment opportunities must be provided in regional and rural areas. However, heavy and chemical industries, which mitigate production and employment problems at the same time, must have abundant water and energy. Also increase in staple food production cannot be attained without water. At this point in time, when water demand is rapidly growing, it is essential for the country to provide as much a reservoir capacity as possible to capture the monsoon rainfall, which concentarated in the rainy seaon from June to Septesmber, and conserve the water for year round use. The floods, which at one time we called "the devil" have now become a source of immense benefit to Korea. Let me explain the topographic condition in Korea. In northern and eastern areas we have high mountains and rugged country. Our rivers originate in these mountains and flow in a general southerly or westerly direction throught ancient plains. These plains were formed by progressive deposition of sediments from the mountains and provide our country with large areas of fertile land, emminently suited to settlement and irrigated agricultural development. It is, therefore, quite natural that these areas should become the polar point for our regional development program. Hower, we are fortunate in that we have an additional area or areas, which can be used for agricultural production and settlement of our peoples, particularly those peoples who may be displaced by the formation of our reservoirs. I am speaking of the tidelands along the western and southern coasts. The other day the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery informed the public of a tideland reclamation of which 400,000 hectares will be used for growing rice as part of our national food self-sufficiency programme. Now, again, we arrive at the need for water, as without it we cannot realize this ambitious programme. And again we need those dams to provide it. As I mentioned before, dams not only provide us with essential water for agriculture, domestic and industrial use, but provide us with electrical energy, as it is generally extremely economical to use the water being release for the former purposes to drive turbines and generators. At the present time we have 13 hydro-electric power plants with an installed capacity of 711,000 kilowatts equal to 16% of our national total. There are about 110 potential dams ites in the country, which could yield about 2,300,000 kilowatts of hydro-electric power. There are about 54 sites suitable for pumped storage which could produce a further 38,600,000 kilowatts of power. All available if we carefully develop our water resources. To summarize, water resource development is essential to the regional development program and the welfare of our people, it must proceed hand-in-hand with other aspects of regional development such as land impovement, high way extension, development of our forests, erosion control, and develop ment of heavy and chemical industries. Through the successful implementation of such an integrated regional development program, we can look forward to a period of national strength, and due recognition of our country by the worlds societies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2003

폐 국균종은 폐결핵 등 만성 폐질환으로 인하여 파괴된 폐조직에 국균이 2차적으로 기생하여 발생하는데, 치명적 각혈 등의 증상이 발생할 수 있기 때문에 상당수 증례에서 수술적 치료를 필요로 한다. 이에 최근 10년 간의 수술적 경험을 고찰하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 8월부터 2002년 7월까지 폐절제술 후 병리학적으로 폐 국균종으로 확진된 31명의 환자를 대상으로 호발연령 및 성비율, 주소, 술전검사, 술식의 종류, 지저질환, 술 후 합병증 등을 분석 검토하였다. 결과: 호발연령은 30대와 40대(64.5%)이었으며, 술 전 주요증상은 객혈이었다(27명, 87.1%). 31명 모두에서 술 전 항결핵제 투여경력이 있었으며 19명(61.3%)에서 단순 흉부 방사선 사진상 연부조직 음영이 있는 큰 공동이 관찰되었고 흉부 전산화 단층촬영에서는 31명 모두에서 관찰되었다. 국균객담검사상 37.9%, 혈청 면역 확산 검사상 83.3%의 양성률을 보였다. 폐상엽이 19예(61.3%)로 호발부위였으며 대부분에서 폐엽절제술을 시행하였다. 술 후 병리조직검사상 전 예에서 결핵과 동반되어 있었다. 주요 합병증으로는 농흉 3예(9.7%), 지속적인 공기 누출 2예(6.45%), 사강 2예(6.45%), 술 후 출혈 1예(3.23%) 등이었다. 술 후 사망은 1예(3.23%)로 양측성 폐 국균종에서 수술한 반대쪽의 대량출혈로 사망하였다. 결론: 성비, 나이, 임상증상, 폐결핵과의 연관성, 병변부위 및 수술방법, 합병증 등에 대해서 과거 1963년부터 1992년까지 수술받은 80예와 비교하여 볼 때 큰 차이는 없었다. 진단 기법상 혈청검사는 술 전 아주 높은 양성률을 나타내었고 흉부전산화단층촬영의 높은 진단율은 폐 국균종의 진단과 수술에 매우 중요하다고 사료된다. 복합형 폐 국균종의 경우 흉막유착과 폐문의 경화, 잔존폐의 불완전한 확장 때문에 수술에 어려움이 있어 많은 시간 약물요법과 기관지 동맥 색전술 등의 내과적 치료를 선호하게 되는 데 이와 더불어 공동절개술 등의 비교적 비침습적인 수술방법도 추천되며 최근 합병증의 감소와 더불어 단순형 폐 국균종은 조기에 수술을 적극적으로 고려함이 요구된다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1998

목적 : 오늘날 호스피스 운동은 만성질환자가 급격히 증가함에 따라 인간의 삶을 추구하여 이루어낸 가장 완벽한 대답의 하나가 되고 있다. 우리의 1996년, 1997년의 연구에서 말기환자와 그 가족들에 대한 조사를 통해 한국 호스피스의 현재 상황을 파악하였다. 또한 호스피스케어 팀과 자원봉사자와 호스피스환자 관리를 위한 정보서비스 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 호스피스 정보서비스 시스템를 통한 간호사의 가정방문 호스피스케어와 그 문제점을 분석하였다. 방법 : 1997년 10월 1일부터 1998년 3월 31일까지 서울대학교병원 등에서 의뢰받은 26명의 말기암환자를 대상으로 하였다. 데이터 베이스와 홈페이지를 통해 호스피스케어에 필요한 정보를 갖춘 호스피스 정보서비스 시스템을 인터넷을 통해 방문간호사에게 제공하였고 방문간호사들은 이 시스템을 교육받고 환자 방문시 노트북 컴퓨터를 소지하여 호스피스 정보서비스 시스템을 통해 호스피스케어를 제공하였으며 첫 방문시와 호스피스케어동안에 환자들의 신체적 심리적 사회적 자료를 수집하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 26명중 16명이 사망하였으며 사망자의 평균 생존기간은 20.7일이었다. 첫 방문시 식욕부진(96.2%), 거동장애(88.5%), 통증(84.6%)이 주요한 증상이었으며 226개의 간호진단 중 영양부족과 통증이 가장 흔한 진단이었다. 가족은 환자보다 호스피스케어를 더 잘 이해하고 더 요구하였다. 대부분의 환자와 가족들은 간호사에게 영적 사회적 간호를 요구하지 않았다. 결론 : 시범사업을 통해 환자와 방문 호스피스 간호사에게 통증과 영양 관리에 대한 보다 많은 정보를 제공하여야 하여야 함을 알 수 있었다. 호스피스 정보서비스 시스템은 영적 사회적 케어에 대한 정보와 인력을 보안되어질 필요가 있다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.50-67
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• 1998

When recognition of the Ghi(氣) which exist in all things, is changed on the aspects of the science of nursing, the view of health and nursing will be more efficient and can be developed as the proper concept for Korean culture. I think it is nessary to confirm which philosophical basis of the will be applicable to nursing and how to it has to be developed. Therefore I can for the research of the Ghi phenomena to attain the Thoughts of philosophy that is appropriate to expound those phenomena. And I attempt to induct "the fusion of horizons" to unify the view of the I world between Korea and the West. The Ghi is very energetic and omnipresent among the universe, Nature, and the human being. So it can organize all the primary elements of mental and I physical function of human as like life, mind, breath, feeling, energy, etc. A general concept of the Ghi is described as follows ; (1) The Ghi is the origin and essence to organize the universe, Nature, and the human being. (2) It is the perpetually movable thing. (3) And there are continuous transmission between the Ghi of the universe and the human through 'body, mind, and soul. For review on the philosophic basis of the Ghi, I studied out the identity of the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(理氣論) in the field of philosophy of Korea and the West. In Korea, the concept of the Vigor is based on Ch'i monolism(기일원론) and Li Ch'i dualism (이기이원론) of Yul-gok Lee's, Toi-kye Lee's, Hwa-dam's, and/or Hekang's. These are indispensable for the view of the world of Korea as Metaphysical ideology, Concrete science, Materialism, Ontology, and Epistemology. From the viewpoint of the philosophy of the West, the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Korea is identical with the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Joo-ja, Idea of Plato, Metaphysics of Aristotle, World Spirit(Weltgeist) of Hegel, and Existentialism of Heidegger. In the nursing theory of the West, some of them referred to the Ghi as like Energy field theory of Rogers and Energy exchange of Neuman. Though there are different in terminology, "energy" and the "Ghi" are induced comparable therapeutic action between the human and the environments. With the nursing theory of Korea, I have made an attempt to compare the Ghi with metaparadigm of nursing-the human being, the environment, the health, and the nursing. For the most part, the alternative therapy is resonable to the frame of the nursing theory of Korea. It is easy to apply alternative therapy on the every spot of nursing. So this therapy could be a kind of forms as nursing therapy in the nursing centers where take the duties of supporting in local societies. In result, independent nursing intervention will be activated by the nurse who puts up with the major parts. It is available to apply this therapy to palliation of pain, insomnia of infant, Sanhujori (산후조리), pain of menstruation, arthritis. And the alternative therapy makes it possible to propose the nursing model which represent originality, tradition, and history of the nursing of Korea. Additionally, in the field of the nursing, it is indispensable to choose a suitable methodology which is considered whether it is matched with a theory of philosophy in the boundary and object of the research. Because there are many way to get the knowledge of nursing related to the Ghi. In the science of nursing, context of sociocultural background and frame are required to understand the person who need to take care of (nursing client). But the value systems of the West and the East are distinctive each other as well as the behavior of health persuance. Therefore it is the basic research data of great worth to review philosophical the Ghi phenomena which is well known to Korean.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the applicability and effectiveness of both teukyakmeip contracts of Korea and consignment contracts of the United State to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of teukyakmeip in Korea. These are popular contract agreements between large retailers and their suppliers and vendors. In recent years, teukyakmeip was critically examined and scrutinized by the politicians, the media, and the public of Korea. Consequently, this paper focusesheavily on identifying and analyzing different types of contract agreements between large retailers and their suppliers that currently exist in Korea and compares and contrasts those analyzed contract agreements with teukyakmeip. The article also comparesand contrasts teukyakmeip with the consignment agreements of the United States to identify similarities and differences. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a descriptive study and has used personal interviews to collect and analyze the data. This study also fits the definition of the case study wherein it is entirely focused on investigating a real-life event: analyzing and examining contract agreements in the distribution industry. Both randomly selected management and vendor representatives from the three major department stores, Lotte, Hyundai, and Shinsegae, in Korea were interviewed between July and September 2013. The analysis of the consignment agreement was conducted based on existing secondary data. Results - Although the evidence of the abuse of teukyakmeip and consignment by large retailers from both countries clearly exists, the findings suggestthat both contract agreements would remain as the most relevant and effective legal contracts between large retailers and their suppliers. Based on the comparisonanalysis of teukyakmeip and consignment, both contracts indicated that suppliers are fully responsible for inventory and inventory management. If sales person is necessary for promoting special product, then suppliers are responsible for providing a sales person and their wages under both contracts. However, American department stores, those located outside urban area, tend to use their own employees to perform special product and sales promotion. The retailersare fully responsible for any interior or floor design or redesign of the retail store to accommodate the products from vendors under consignment; however, both suppliers and retailers share the cost of designing and redesigning the interior to accommodate vendors'products under teukyakmeip. Suppliers are responsible for pricing and supplying the quantity of the products under both agreements. Both contracts allow special sales commission as long as vendors agreed. Vendors use this special commissionto introduce their new products or apply market penetration strategy. Conclusions -The findings of this study showed the changing pattern of contract agreements between large retailers and their suppliers from both countries. Furthermore, this study evidently generated policy implications of teukyakmeip which recently became the major social issue in Korea and attracted many policymakers to gain political points by criticizing the teukyakmeip system and the large retailers. The findings of the study would be valuable to policy makers in making appropriate decisions and to large retailers and vendors in making beneficial agreements. The major implication of this study is that teukyakmeip and consignment agreements include very similar or almost identical characteristics, and they are popular among department stores and suppliers. The issue of abolishing teukyakmeip in Korea needs to be examined cautiously because teukyakmeip is the best one available at the moment, and the study suggests that no one benefits from abolishing this system.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1998

채소 노지재배시 계분퇴비 시용량에 따른 채소류별 양분이용율과 질소비료 절감량을 산출하기 위하여 계분퇴비 0, 10, 30, $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$를 시용하고 질소질비료수준을 0, 150, $300kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용하여 채소 종류별로 양배추, 무, 가지를 공시하여 얻은 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 계분퇴비 시용시 채소류의 양분이용율은 질소>칼리>인산순으로 많았으며, 채소류별의 질소이용율은 양배추 29%, 가지 20%, 무 14% 였으며, 인산이용율은 양배추 10%, 무, 가지는 0.7~1%로 극히 적었고, 칼리이용율은 가지 32%, 무 22%, 양배추 5% 순이었다. 가축분 $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용시에 양분이용율이 가장 높았으며 시용량이 증가될수록 감소되었지만 엽채류의 인산이용율은 시용량이 증가될수록 증가되는 경향이었다. 채소류별 질소질비료 절감량은 계분퇴비 $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용시 양배추는 $25kg\;ha^{-1}$, 가지는 $15kg\;ha^{-1}$ 감비가 가능하였고, 무는 $13kg\;ha^{-1}$를 증비해야 수량이 유지되었다. 가용성질소의 용출정도는 계분퇴비 시용30일까지 증가되다가 그 후 점차 감소되었으나, $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 이상 시용시는 채소생육 후기에 질소용출량이 증가되는 경향이었다. 토양의 화학성변화는 계분퇴비 시용량이 증가될수록 pH, T-N, OM, $P_2O_5$과 K. Ca, Mg 등 양이온 함량이 증가되었다. 양배추의 규격상품율과 전당함량은 계분퇴비 $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용시 가장 높았고 무, 가지중의 질산함량은 질소시비량과 계분퇴비시용량이 증가될수록 증가되었다. 채소류 수량은 계분퇴비 시용량 및 질소시용량이 증가 될수록 증수되는 경향이었으나, 계분퇴비 $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 이상 시용시는 양배추, 무 수량이 약간 감소되는 경향이었다.