• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influential factors on compassion fatigue in hospital nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted with a survey of 358 general hospital nurses in Busan Gyeongnam area. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were performed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 for Windows. Results: The mean score was 28.53 in compassion fatigue. As a result of multiple regression analysis, empathic ability, stress coping strategy, current workplace, and academic background were statistically significant predictors explained 26.0% of the variance of compassion fatigue. Conclusion: It was suggested to consider emphatic ability, stress coping strategy, workplace, and academic background when developing a program available for preventing and easing nurses' compassion fatigue.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2003

근래에 와서 도로교량의 형식 선정에서 미관에 대한 고려가 더욱 더 강조되는 추세 있으며, 미적으로 뛰어난 곡선교의 가설이 자연적으로 선호된다. 전달행렬법은 이론의 체계가 알기 쉽고, 응용범위가 넓은 점에서 구조해석법으로 범용성이 있는 것으로 주목되어 왔다. 전달행렬법에 의한 변단면 곡선 상자형교의 정적해석을 유한요소법과 비교하여 잘 일치함으로써 프로그램의 타당성을 검증하였다. 곡률반경과 중심각에 따른 해석 및 변단면 곡선식에 따른 지간비를 구하여 최적지간비와 변단면 비를 순수비틂이론에 의한 해석치를 분석하였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study are to insure flow rate for rural stream in the rural area. The analysis of drying stream characteristics for two streams(Bong-mu, Wang-jang stream) from field survey data. Also, a study area has been determined, and criteria of estimation has been established : criteria such as, available hydrological data, the size of stream lengths and basin areas and regional characteristics. The spacial analysis is applied to stream slopes for upstream and downstream at weirs, stream networks and ground water pump stations, sinuosity of drying stream. As a result of drying streams survey analysis, drying stream characteristics are followed; levee types are earth and natural, cross sectional shapes are trapezoid, stream bed materials are gravels and sands, facilities in streams are weirs. The cause of the reduction analyzed by investigation of the current status of facilities for agricultural water use. Agricultural reservoirs block up the stream and water does not flow over the reservoirs except by storm. They also discharge water through diversion channels and the water diverted does not flow through the natural stream. Farmers directly take water from the stream by weirs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2015

Little human tissue data are available for slow waves and migrating motor complexes, which are the main components of small bowel motility. We investigated the electrophysiological and mechanical characteristics of human ileal motility, in vitro. Ileum was obtained from patients undergoing bowel resection. Electrophysiological microelectrode recordings for membrane potential changes and mechanical tension recordings for contraction from smooth muscle strips and ileal segments were performed. Drugs affecting the enteric nervous system were applied to measure the changes in activity. Slow waves were detected with a frequency of 9~10/min. There were no cross-sectional differences in resting membrane potential (RMP), amplitude or frequency between outer and inner circular muscle (CM), suggesting that electrical activities could be effectively transmitted from outer to inner CM. The presence of the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) at the linia septa was verified by immunohistochemistry. Contractions of strips and segments occurred at a frequency of 3~4/min and 1~2/min, respectively. The frequency, amplitude and area under the curve were similar between CM and LM. In segments, contractions of CM were associated with LM, but propagation varied with antegrade and retrograde directions. Atropine, $N^W$-oxide-L-arginine, and sodium nitroprusside exhibited different effects on RMP and contractions. There were no cross-sectional differences with regard to the characteristics of slow waves in CM. The frequency of contractions in smooth muscle strips and ileal segments was lower than slow waves. The directions of propagation were diverse, indicating both mixing and transport functions of the ileum.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1996

토양내에서의 가스나 증기상의 오염물질의 이동은 여러 가지 현상에 의해서 일어나고 있으나 농도차에 의해서 일어나는 확산이 가장 중요하다. 그런데 토양내에서의 확산은 토양 입자들로 인한 확산 부피의 감소, 또 확산경로의 불규칙성, 확산 경로에 있어서 단면적의 변화 등으로 인해 대기중에서 일어나는 확산과는 다른 면을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 현상을 설명하기 위하여 흔히 사용되는 굴절계수(toruosity), 유효확산계수(effective diffusion coefficient)의 서로 다른 그러나 같은 이름으로 사용되는 많은 정의들과 다양한 수학적 모델들에 대한 비교 검토가 이루어졌다. 굴절계수나 유효확산계수를 사용할 때는 각각의 경우 정의와 각 식의 특징에 대하여 세밀한 검토와 주의가 행하여져야 한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 하상이 경년별로 변화함에 따라 발생되는 수위-유량 관계곡선의 오차를 보완코자 현 하도상태에 대한 기준 수위-유량 관계곡선을 개발하여 일원화시키고, 과거의 하상상태와 경년별로 작성되어 왔던 수위-유량 관계곡선들과의 관계 및 수위, 단면적, 유속 등에 대한 수리기하학적 특성을 분석하였다. 연구의 대상지점으로는 한강 종합개발 사업 이후 하도단면이 크게 변화된 안도교지점을 택하였으며 개발 이후의 현 단면(1987년)을 동적평형 상태로 가정하여 분석을 진행하였다. 1987년도의 유량측정 자료를 이용하여 기준 수위-유량 관계곡선을 개발하고, 과거의 실측유량값을 현 상태하에서의 유량으로 환산하였을 때 얻어지는 수위(환산수위)와 과거수위와의 관계 및 환산유속과 과거유속간의 관계 그리고 수위-통수단면적 관계, 수위-유속 관계 등의 상관식을 유도하여 기왕의 많은 자료들을 앞으로도 활용할 수 있도록 상관해석 하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2545-2549
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in women worldwide. Persistent infection with a human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause for cervical cancer. Vaccination and Pap smear screening are the best methods for prevention of the disease. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge and views of upper secondary school female students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, toward prevention of cervical cancer. This study was conducted from April 2009 to September 2009 in 8 schools in Kuala Lumpur area using pre-tested and validated questionnaires. Results indicated that the respondents had low knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention although the majority of students (80.4%) had heard about the disease. The level of knowledge of cervical cancr and its prevention was significantly higher among students from the science stream (p<0.001) compared to students from the art stream. Most students (69.3%) agreed to take the vaccination if the service was available in schools. A high percentage of students (82.2%) agreed that the vaccination should be compulsory to the students. In conclusion, most students had low knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention but they had positive attitude toward vaccination and agreed that vaccination should be compulsory. Therefore, suitable educational programmes should be developed to improve the knowledge of secondary school students on the prevention of cervical cancer.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.379-384
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• 1996

Thermal-hydraulic performance has been analyzed for an advanced reactor core loaded with hexagonal fuel assemblies. Currently available CHF prediction models and data base for triangular lattice bundles have been thoroughly reviewed, and as a result the KfK-3 CHF correlation with limit CHFR of 1.235 has been determined to be most appropriate. The pressure drop model in COBRA-IV-I code has been modified for the analysis of triangular lattice rod bundles. In view of maximizing the thermal margin, the geometry of a hexagonal fuel assembly, such as rod diameter and rod pitch, has been optimized with a fixed fuel assembly cross sectional area The optimum value of the moderator-to-fuel volume ratio is estimated to lie between 0.65 to 1 with 9.5 mm rod diameter. The thermal margin of these hexagonal fuel assemblies in the AP600 core has been evaluated and compared with that of square lattice fuel assemblies such as VANTAGE-5H and KOFA. The analysis result shows that the performances of hexagonal fuel assemblies are more favorable than the square fuel assemblies in the aspect of steady-state overpower margin.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

This paper proposes the design and implementation of fluid flow generation system by using polypropylene(PP) water capture, which harvests electric energy from the kinetic energy of tidal current or water flow and drives the desired load, and applies it to the discharge drain of Hadong thermal power plant. This experimental system is composed of water captures, driving wheel, gear trains, 10[kW] synchronous generator, and three phase rectifying circuit which drives lamp load for test. The proposed water capturing system which is composed of water captures, rope and driving wheel, rotates as caterpillar according to water flow. This system is very easy to manufacture and more economical than another type of tidal current turbines such as conventional propeller and helical type. Also, we estimated the available fluid flow energy that can be extracted from the cooling water in discharge drain based on drain's cross-sectional area. Therefore, this paper confirms the validity of proposed fluid flow generation system with water captures and the possibility of its application for renewable energy generation in discharge drain of thermal power plant, from the obtained performance characteristic of this energy conversion system.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2019

급격한 기상변화로 인한 극한 강우와 집중폭우의 발생빈도 증가로 기존 수방시설의 한계 용량을 초과해 도심지 침수피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 최근 도시화 추세가 급격하게 빨라지면서 수방시설 등 사회기반시설에 대한 지하공간 개발의 필요성이 증가하고 있으며, 지하공간을 활용한 지하방수로와 지하저류지 기술이 급부상하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지하유입시설의 대표적 형상인 접선식 유입구와 나선식 유입구에 대한 공기 배출효과를 분석하기 위해 유입유량 변화에 따른 수직갱 내부 공기공동(air-core)의 형상 크기를 계측했다. 나선식 유입구의 경우, 저유량 유입조건에서 와류 유도 효과를 개선하기 위해 유입부 바닥면에 계단형 다단식 구조를 도입했다. 수직갱 내부 공기공동의 전체적인 평균 단면적의 경우, 다단식 나선 유입구가 접선식 유입구보다 10% 정도 크게 나타나 고유량 유입조건에서 높은 공기 배출 효과와 유입효율을 나타냈다. 접선식 유입구의 경우, 유입구가 가지는 고유 성능을 유지할 수 있는 최대 유량 조건을 초과하면서 공기 배출 효과가 감소하기 시작했다. 또한, 실험에서 사용된 접선식 유입구와 다단식 나선 유입구 모형에 활용 가능한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수직갱 내부 위치에 따른 공기공동 단면적에 대한 실험식(empirical formula)을 제시했다.