• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1974

It has been generally understood that the intestinal tracts are under the control of the autonomic nerves; the parasympathetics are excitatory and the sympathetics inhibitory. However, it is recently reported that the actions of these autonomic nerves in the newborn animals are shown to be different from those in the adult animals in some species. In order to elucidate the role of sympathetic innervation to the intestinal tracts, the effects of periarterial nerve stimulation were studied in the periarterial sympathetics-jejunum preparations of the chick and the effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated muscle strips were also studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The periarterial stimulation in the periarterial sympathetics-jejunum preparation elicited the responses of three patterns; 1) contrcation followed by relaxation 2) contraction only 3) relaxation only. The excitatory response was most effective in the stimulus frequencies of 40 cps, whereas the inhibitory response was maximal in the stimulus frequencies of 30 cycle per second. 2. The excitatory response to the periarterial stimulation was not affected by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, dibenamine, propranolol and atropine, whereas the inhibitory response was completely blocked by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. 3. In the periarterial syrnpathetics-jejunum preparation treated with reserpine, the periarterial stimulation evoked only contraction, and the contraction was not affected by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and atropine. 4. The administration of norepinephrine evoked a relaxation in the isolated jejunum muscle strips and the effect was completely blocked by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. 5. The administration of isoproterenol produced a relaxation in the isolated jejunum muscle strips and the effect was not affected by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, whereas the effect was completely blocked by the pretratment with propranolol. 6) The administration of acetylcholine produced a marked contraction in the isolated jejunum muscle strips and the effect was completely abolished by the pretreatment of atropine. These experimental evidences indicate that the inhibitory response to the periarterial stimulation is due to adrenergic fibers and the excitatory response is due to neither adrenergic nor cholinergic component.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2022

Background: The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM) involves many mechanisms including central nervous system sensitization theory, autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, and recently small fiber neuropathy. While the small fiber neuropathy itself can cause ANS dysfunction and neuropathic pain (NP), it is still unknown whether ANS problems have an association with severity of disease and NP in patients with FM. The aim of this study was to evaluate ANS dysfunction in FM patients and to explore possible associations of ANS dysfunction with disease severity and NP. Methods: Twenty-nine FM patients and 20 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were tested using sympathetic skin responses (SSR) and R-R interval variation analyses for sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS dysfunction, respectively. Disease severity and somatic symptoms of patients with FM were evaluated using the ACR-2010 scales and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and NP symptoms were evaluated using the Pain Detect Questionnaire and Douleur Neuropathique questionnaire. Results: FM patients were found to have ANS dysfunction characterized by increased sympathetic response and decreased parasympathetic response. SSR amplitudes were found to be correlated with a more severe disease. Although nonsignificant, NP severity tended to be associated with a decrease in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. Conclusions: ANS dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of FM. The trend of decreased ANS functions in FM patients exhibiting NP contradicts the notion that FM is a sympathetically maintained NP and may be explained with small fiber involvement.

• 감성과학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

이 연구는 지속적인 싱잉볼 힐링이 뇌파와 자율신경계 반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 5주 동안 8명의 피실험자에게 싱잉볼 힐링을 받은 전,후 뇌파의 변화를 알아보기 위하여, 45분 동안의 싱잉볼 힐링 받기 전, 후 뇌파의 변화를 측정하였다. 뇌파측정은 바이오브레인 BIOS-S8로의 F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, P4 총 6체널에 부착하였고, 심전도 측정을 위하여 표준사지 유도방식에 Lead I에 전극을 부착하여 측정하였다. 수집된 뇌파자료를 통하여 5주간의 싱잉볼 힐링 전,후 뇌파의 변화를 지켜보았으며, 베타파, 알파파, SMR는 낮아지고, 세타와 델타파, HRV 항목 중 SDNN이 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과 5주 동안의 지속적인 싱잉볼 힐링은 뇌파를 안정시키고, 자율신경계를 활성화 시키며, 부교감신경을 증가시키는 이완유도 효과를 지속, 증대 시킬 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 화상 시뮬레이터 상에서 저속 (40km/h) 주행과 고속 (160km/h) 주행으로 지루감 및 긴장감을 유발시킨 후, 100%의 Jasmine abs와 Lavender oil france (KIMEX Co. Ltd)의 향 자극이 지루함 및 긴장감의 증감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 건강과 피험자 10명을 대상으로 심전도, 피부온도, 맥파의 자율신경계 반응을 측정하였다. 또한 각 실험 전후에 Simulator Sickness를 측정하여 Simulator Sickness가 실험 결과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 지루한 저속 주행 시 향자극이 없을 때에 비해 각 향을 제시하였을 때 각성 효과가 발생하여 교감 신경계가 활성화됨을 자율신경계 반응으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 두 가지 향에 따라 큰 차이는 발생하지 않았다. 본 연구로부터 일정하고 느린 주행으로 유발되는 신체의 이완 현상 또는 졸리움 현상이 향 자극에 의해 감소되는 경향을 자율 신경계의 반응을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다. 고속 주행 시에는 향을 제시하지 않았을 때보다 두 가지 향을 제시하였을 때 긴장감이 모두 이완되는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 고속 주행으로 유발되는 신체의 긴장감이 향 자극으로 인해 감소된다는 사실을 자율신경계의 반응을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 본 연구로부터 지루한 저속 주행으로 유발된 신체의 이완감과 고속 주행으로 유발된 신체의 긴장감은 각 향 자극에 의해 이완감의 감소와 긴장감의 감소를 유발하였다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었고, 두 향의 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2023

We tested the feasibility of automated discrimination of patients with panic disorder (PD) from healthy controls (HCs) based on multimodal physiological responses using machine learning. Electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), respiration (RESP), and peripheral temperature (PT) of the participants were measured during three experimental phases: rest, stress, and recovery. Eleven physiological features were extracted from each phase and used as input data. Logistic regression (LoR), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithms were implemented with nested cross-validation. Linear regression analysis showed that ECG and PT features obtained in the stress and recovery phases were significant predictors of PD. We achieved the highest accuracy (75.61%) with MLP using all 33 features. With the exception of MLP, applying the significant predictors led to a higher accuracy than using 24 ECG features. These results suggest that combining multimodal physiological signals measured during various states of autonomic arousal has the potential to differentiate patients with PD from HCs.

• 감성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2001

인간의 각성은 감성의 한 차원을 차지하여 인간의 작업수행의 효율성에 미치는 영향이 크다. 각성의 정확한 측정 및 분석은 인간의 작업에 생산성 극대화를 제시할 수 있다 그러나 각성은 자극유형에 따라 종류가 다르게 나타난다. 본 연구는 이러한 각성의 유형에 따른 생리신호의 반응을 측정하여 각성종류별 생리적 반응차이를 제시하고자 한다. 20명의 대학생이 각기 다른 각성자극인 신체적 각성 및 인지적 각성을 유발하여 생리신호 반응을 측정, 분석하였다. 결과적으로 인지적 각성과 신체적 각성은 자율신경계 반응에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 인지적 각성에서 중추신경계 반응이 작업계획 단계에서 신체적 각성보다 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1998년도 춘계학술발표 논문집
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• pp.44-56
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• 1998

Effects of the music and white noise on recovery of the autonomic and cortical responses evoked by aversive visual stimulation were analyzed in 20 subjects. It was suggested that the music is able to exert modulatory influence on the physiological activity resulted from exposure to unpleasant IAPS based stimuli. Spectral power of DDG, heart rate(HR)respiration rate (RSR) and electrodermal activity(EDA)were recorded and analyzed for each experimental condition. It was observed HR and RSR deceleration, increased EDA and electrocortical activation expressed in decreased alpha power and increase of delta activity ao occipital and frontal areas. Obtained results suggest that audutory stimulation both with pleasant and sad music lead to restoration of pre-stimulation activation levels of most physiological parameters during listenning to music and in post-stimulation period. White noise evoked short-term physiological responses typical for orienting reaction and quite distinct from changes produced by music. Available data to differentiate effeces among pleasant and sad music, due toqualitative similarities of physilolgical patterns, but suppert an assumption that music is capable to facilitate the process of recovery of physilolgical responses elicited by visual stimulation of negative valence, thus positively modulate post-stress state.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1231-1241
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• 2015

In this study, we investigate the relationship between emotions and the physiological responses, with emotion recognition, using the proposed fuzzy information granulation-based neural network (FIGNN) for boredom, pain, and surprise emotions. For an analysis of the physiological responses, three emotions are induced through emotional stimuli, and the physiological signals are obtained from the evoked emotions. To recognize the emotions, we design an FIGNN recognizer and deal with the feature selection through an analysis of the physiological signals. The proposed method is accomplished in premise, consequence, and aggregation design phases. The premise phase takes information granulation using fuzzy c-means clustering, the consequence phase adopts a polynomial function, and the aggregation phase resorts to a general fuzzy inference. Experiments show that a suitable methodology and a substantial reduction of the feature space can be accomplished, and that the proposed FIGNN has a high recognition accuracy for the three emotions using physiological signals.

• 감성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.653-662
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• 2011

최근 3D TV 보급과 확산에 따른 시각 피로문제가 대두되면서 시각 기능과 인지적 관점에서의 연구가 활발하다. 그러나 3D 시각피로가 자율신경계 기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3D TV 시청으로 유발되는 3D 시각피로가 자율신경계 기능에 미치는 영향과 이 영향이 교감 및 부교감 신경계와 심혈관계 반응에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 피험자는 20 대 남녀 대학생 15 명(남 6 명, 여 9 명, 평균나이 22.53 세 ${\pm}$ 2.55 세)을 대상으로 하였다. 피험자는 편안한 의자에 앉아 3D TV를 1시간 시청하였다. 3D TV 시청 전과 후의 1분간 맥파(PPG, Photo-PlethysmoGram)를 측정하였고 주관설문을 실시하였다. 측정된 신호에서 SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMS-SD(root mean square successive difference), HF/LF ratio, Ln(LF), Ln(HF)를 추출하여 교감 및 부교감 신경계, 그리고 심혈관계 반응을 확인 하였다. 연구 결과 HF/LF ratio, Ln(LF), Ln(HF)는 시청 후에 유의하게 감소하였고, SDNN, RMS-SD는 통계적 유의차를 확인할 수 없었다. 이 결과는 3D 시각피로가 자율신경계 기능에 영향을 미치고 이로 인해 교감신경계가 항진되는 반응이 나타나며, 심박 변화율이 감소하는 결과를 초래할 가능성을 확인 하였다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
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• pp.15-25
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• 2000

Cardiac, respiratory, electrodermal and frontal (F3, F4) EEG responses were analyzed and compared during to slides of International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in the study on 42 students. Physiological responses during 20s of exposure to slides intended to elicit happiness (nurturant and erotic), sadness, disgust, surprise, fear or anger emotions were quite similar and were expressed in heart rate (HR) deceleration, decreased HR variability (HRV), specific SCR, increased non-specific SCR frequency (N-SCR), and EEG changes exhibited in theta increase, alpha-blocking and increased beta activity, and frontal asymmetry. However, some emotions demonstrated variations of the response magnitudes, enabling to differentiate some paris of emotions by several physiological parameters. The profiles showed higher magnitudes of HRV and EEG responses in exciting (i.e., erotic) and higher cardiac and respiratory responses in surprise. The most different pairs were exciting-surprise (by HR, HRV, theta, and alpha asymmetry), exciting-sadness (by theta, alpha, and alpha asymmetry), and exciting-fear (by HRV, theta, F3 alpha, and alpha asymmetry). Nurturant happiness yielded the least differentiation. Differences were found as well within negative emotions, e.g., anger-sadness were differentiated by HRV and theta asymmetry, while disgust-fear by N-SCR and beta asymmetry. Obtained results suggest that magnitudes of profiles of physiological variables differentiate emotions evoked by affective pictures, despite that the patterns of most responses were featured by qualitative similarity in given passive viewing context.