• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku in the patients with acute and chronic urticaria, and to compare the acute and chronic urticaria. Methods : Subjects were 124 patients with urticaria, acute(<8 weeks) patients were thirty eight and chronic(${\geq}$ 8 weeks) patients were sixty four. We calculated the average Ryodoraku score(RS, ${\mu}A$) and each variation from physiologic range of 12 Ryodoraku points, and compared the acute and chronic urticaria Ryodoraku points pattern. Results : 1. The mean value of F3 and F5 were under 40${\mu}A$ in acute urticaria group. 2. The mean value of H1, H2, H4, H5, H6, F1 and F4 were over 60${\mu}A$ in chronic urticaria group. 3. There were significant difference between acute and chronic urticaria group at H2, H3, H4, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and total Ave. Conclusion : These findings suggest that there are significant differences of Ryodoraku pattern between acute and chronic urticaria group, and Ryodoraku reflect the characteristic of urticaria.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

In this paper, we studied about the Embedded System of the biosignal measurement and analysis to sensibility evaluation in daily life for non-intrusive. This system is two kinds of measuring biosiganls(Electrocardiogram:ECG, Photoplethysmography:PPG) and analyzed by real-time wireless transmission to notebook PC using bluetooth for consistent and reliability of physiological way to assess continuously changing sensibility. Comparative studied of an autonomic nerve system activity ratio on characteristics frequency band of two kinds of biosignal analyzed frequency way using the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) and Power Spectrum Density(PSD). Also the key idea of this system is to minimize computing of analysis algorithm for faster and more accurate to assess the sensibility, and the result of the visualization using graph. In this paper, we evaluated the analysis system to assess sensibility that measuring various situation in daily life using a non-intrusive biosignal measurement system, and the accuracy and reliability in comparison with difference of result by development analysis system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.194-210
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• 1998

The main purpose of this work is the study on the etiology and pathology of the anorexia in oriental and western medicine. An appetite is stimulated by the need of supply of nutrition for life and the physical desire of hunger which appeared as the alternative of taste. In this paper, I investigated the anatomical and the physiological function system, the Piwei functional system and meridian distribution, and the differentiation of the disease according to the Zangfu(internal organs) in association with the anorexia. And conclusion could be summarized as follows : 1. The tongue, one of the Piwei functional system(脾胃機能系), is connected with Pi(脾), Xin(心), Gan(肝) and Shen(腎) meridian. Especially Pi and Xin meridian have the close relations with taste. 2. The appetite has the close relations with Piwei. The appetite and digestion is influenced by the function of smoothing and regulating and bloodflow of Ki(肝主疏泄), warming the Shen to activate the function of Pi(腎主溫養), cleansing the inspired air and keeping the Ki flowing downward(肺主肅降). 3. The cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Ki of Piwei(脾胃氣虛), the attack of Wei by hyperactive Gan Ki(脾氣犯胃), the insufficiency of Wei Yin(胃陰不足), the declination of the fire from the vital gate(命門火衰) and the retention or stagnancy of undigested food (飮食停滯). Especially, the main cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Ki of the Piwei(脾胃氣虛). 4. Recently the attack of Wei by hyperactive Gan Ki(脾氣犯胃) is raised by the main cause of anorexia. 5. The mental function of anorexia, which is induced by the unbalance of Pi, is directly associated with Xin(心) and Xin meridia(心經). 6. The goal of the treatment of the anorexia is dependent on the recovery of the weakness of the Pi. And for this goal, the disorders of the other organs is also treated. 7. In the point of the anatomy and physiology, the main cause of anorexia is the loss of function of the autonomic nerve system and the vagus nerve.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.805-817
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• 2009

This study was to investigate central localization of neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints(Wijung, $BL_{40}$) and neurons of immunoreactive to hormones and hormone receptors regulating urinary bladder function by using peudorabies virus(PRV). In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used in rats to trace central localization of urinary bladder-related neurons and urinary bladder-related acupoints($BL_{40}$) which can regulate urinary system. PRV was injected into the urinary bladder and acupoints($BL_{40}$) related urinary system. After six days survival of rats, mainly common labeled neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were identified in spinal cord, medulla, pons and diencephalon by PRV immunohistochemical staining method. First-order PRV labeled neurons projecting to urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled preganglionic neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in the lateral horn area(sacral parasympathetic nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus), lamina V-X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting to urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$) was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus of tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, Barrington's nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the paraventricular nucleus and a few ones were in the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence, perifornical nucleus, periventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the frontal cortex, 1,2 area, hind limb area, agranular insular cortex. Immunoreactive neurons to Corticotropin releasiing factor(CRF), Corticotropin releasiing factor-receptor(CRF-R), c-fos and serotonin were a part of labeled areas among the virus-labeled neurons of urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$). The commonly labeled areas were nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), locus coeruleus, A5 cell group, Barrington,s nucleus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, frontal cortex 1, 2 area, hind limb, and perirhinal(agranular insular) cortex. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of urinary bladder-relate organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints. These commonly labeled areas often overlap with the neurons connected with hormones and hormone receptors related to urination.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

Objectives: This study introduces the history and types of Korean pharmacopuncture and reports trends of research on Korean pharmacopuncture. Methods: Pharmacopuncture studies were searched from the first year of each search engine to 2014 by using seven domestic and foreign search databases. Selected studies were divided into the history of pharmacopuncture, kinds and features of pharmacopuncture, research types, and experimental and clinic studies and were then classified by year of publication, type of pharmacopuncture, disease, and topic. Results: Pharmacopuncture can be classified into four large groups: meridian field pharmacopuncture (MFP), eight-principles pharmacopuncture (EPP), animal-based pharmacopuncture (ABP) and mountain-ginseng pharmacopuncture, which is a single-compound pharmacopuncture (SCP). The largest numbers of studies were reported from 1997 to 2006, after which the numbers decreased until 2014. Of experimental studies, 51.9%, 18.7%. 14.3%, 9% and 3.4% were on SCP, ABP, MFP, formula pharmacopuncture (FP), and EPP, respectively. Of clinical studies, 54.7%, 15.3%. 14.9% 10.0% and 1.5% were on ABP, MFP, EPP, SCP, and FP (1.5%), respectively. Among clinical studies, case reports and case series accounted for 76.5%, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 16.4%) and non-RCT (13.9%). Musculoskeletal diseases, toxicity and safety tests, anti-cancer effects, and nervous system diseases were mainly treated in experimental studies while musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases, toxicity and safety tests, and autonomic nerve function tests were addressed in clinical studies. Bee venom (BV) was the most frequently-used pharmacopuncture in mechanism studies. Pharmacopuncture was mainly used to treat musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and studies of it have made great progress in Korea. Studies on BV pharmacopuncture and musculoskeletal diseases accounted for most of the studies reported during the review period. Research on the types of pharmacopuncture and diseases has to be expanded. Especially, studies on the use of MFP and EPP for treating patients with various diseases are needed.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2015

We propose a real time user interface that utilizes emotion recognition by physiological signals. To improve the problem that was low accuracy of emotion recognition through the traditional EEG(ElectroEncephaloGram), We developed a physiological signals-based emotion recognition system mixing relative power spectrum values of theta/alpha/beta/gamma EEG waves and autonomic nerve signal ratio of ECG (ElectroCardioGram). We propose both a data map and weight value modification algorithm to recognize six emotions of happy, fear, sad, joy, anger, and hatred. The datamap that stores the user-specific probability value is created and the algorithm updates the weighting to improve the accuracy of emotion recognition corresponding to each EEG channel. Also, as we compared the results of the EEG/ECG bio-singal complex data and single data consisting of EEG, the accuracy went up 23.77%. The proposed interface system with high accuracy will be utillized as a useful interface for controlling the game spaces and smart spaces.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2002

Partial nerve injury is the main cause of neuropathic pain disorders in humans. Acupuncture has long been used to relieve pain. It is known to relieve pain by controlling the activities of the autonomic nervous system. Although the mechanism of neuropathic pain and analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) have been studied in a rat model system, its detailed mechanism at the molecular level remains unclear. To identify genes that might serve as either markers or explain these distinct biological functions, a cDNA microarray analysis was used to compare the expression of 8,400 genes among three sample groups. Messenger RNAs that were pooled from the spinal nerves of 7 normal. 7 neuropathic pain, and 7 EA treatment rat models were compared. Sixty-eight genes were differentially expressed more than 2-fold in the neuropathic rat model when compared to the normal, and restored to the normal expression level after the EA treatment. These genes are involved in a number of biological processes, including the signal transduction, gene expression, and nociceptive pathways. Confirmation of the differential gene expression was performed by a dot-blot analysis. Dot-blotting results showed that the opioid receptor sigma was among those genes. This indicates that opioid-signaling events are involved in neuropathic pain and the analgesic effects of EA. The potential application of these data include the identification and characterization of signaling pathways that are involved in the EA treatment, studies on the role of the opioid receptor in neuropathic pain, and further exploration on the role of selected identified genes in animal models.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 2008

Background: The consequences of disordered breathing patterns are not only distressing to the patient but also expensive to our health care systems if they are not diagnosed and treated. So we performed this study to investigate clinical significants trough gigong, yoga and hyperventilation in oriental medicine and westen medicine Method: Voluntary control of respiration is one of the main methods of physical and mental training such as meditation, qigong meditation or Yoga. So, this study focuses on breathing in qigong and yoga. This study appreciates a role that a control of respiration has in physical, mental aspects and searches side-effects in qigong and yoga Conclusions: A control of respiration has a function that manages Jung(精), Qi(氣), Shin(神) in Oriental Medicine. It manages Autonomic Nerve system, Endocrine system and induces natural awareness. So Briging the body and mind work through a control of breathing. Breathing pattern disorder has Damum and Qiher pattern in Oriental Medicine pattern. This disease pattern concearnes ATP metabolism. Qiher is concearned with a mitochondria disorder and Damum is concearned with a products of lactate. we guess that Lactate analysis may be utilized as a diagonostic criteria of Breathing pattern disorder. After this, It needs a study that Lactate analysis is concearned with Breathing pattern disorder as Damum pattern. Result: A control of respiration is related not only breathing but also spiritual and physical state. Joo-hwa-ip-ma as Breathing pattern disorder is smiliar to hyperventilation. HVS is patternated Damum and Qi-Weakness pattern in oriental medicine. Lactate is an important complement that diagonates HVS and will be concearned with Damum.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.80-98
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• 1994

According to the original documents, Sagungsan is considered as an effective drug for controlling the hypertensive epistaxis induced by tension of autonomic nerve and it's hyperfunction. The present experiment was designed to understand the effect of Sagungsan extract on the hemostatic action, intracranial pressure, blood pressure and cardiovascular system in experimental animals. And thus the bleeding time, prothrombin time, capillary dilation, blood pressure, Intracranial pressure, and enzymatic analysis of the ATPase activities were studied. The result obtained here were as followings: 1. Sagungsan water extract reduced the bleeding time in mouse, and prolonged the prothrombin time in rabbits. 2. The drug extract increased the tail volume by capillary dilation in rats. 3. The drug extract inhibited the increase of intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure in rabbits. 4. At the early time, the increase of arterial blood pressure by the drug extract significantly inhibited by pretreated atropin and regitine in rabbits. 5. The drug extract relaxed the smooth muscle by stimulating the Mg2+-Ca2+-ATPase activities of gastric sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit stomach. 6. The drug extract stimulated the heart contraction by inhibiting the $Mg^{2+}-Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit heart. The inhibitory mechanism was reversible and noncompatitive. 7. The drug extract increased the hepatic blood volume by stimulating the hepatic total ATPase activities and hepatic metabolism. 8. The drug extract acted as a tranquilizer by inhibiting the neural Na+-K+-ATPase activity. According to the results, Sagungsan water extract dilated the capillaries, stimulated the heart beat, and thus increased the blood flow with decreasing the intracranial pressure and blood pressure. These effects stanches the epistaxis collectively.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of short-term foresters on brain waves and pulse waves. For this purpose, 484 foresters who visited the natural recreation forest located in Cheongpyeong city, Gyeonggi province, measured the before and after experiences of EEG and pulse waves, and the following results were obtained. First, foresters have been shown to be effective on concentration, brain activity, and brain stress. Second, foresters had positive effects on cardiac health and autonomic health. In other words, when various substances released from the forest come into the body through the respiratory system, it firstly affects the heart activity positively, and it seems to be able to expect various improvements by acting on the emotional side of the brain. Therefore, based on the scientific basis of the forest experience, it is expected that the experience of forests will be widely used as a guide for healthy life by creating conditions for participation by many people. In addition, the mechanism of respiration, heartbeat, and brain interaction is also possible, and various experimental studies on the forest experience in the future are important.