• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.519-527
• /
• 2017

자율주행자동차의 안전성에 관한 신뢰의 문제는 관련 산업의 수요 창출과 관련하여 매우 중요한 문제이다. 신뢰 확보를 위해서는 우선 자율주행자동차의 사고발생시 법적 책임문제의 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 사고 발생 시의 문제로 가장 시급한 민 형사상의 책임귀속 문제에 있어서 민사상으로는 "제조물책임법" 하에서 자동차 제작자에게 책임을 물을 수 있을 것이나, 형사상으로는 행위자 책임을 근본으로 하는 현행 법체계에서는 사람에게 책임을 묻기가 어려운 문제이다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위한 "자율주행자동차 특별법"의 제정을 제안하는 바이며, 또한 (완전) 자율주행자동차가 운행하는데 필요한 각종 시스템 또는 인프라의 구축과 그 운용에 따른 국가 또는 공적인 "인증" 등 제도의 구축도 필요하다. 드론의 경우, 그 비행의 특성상 영상 촬영장치를 장착하고 비행할 때, 개인의 정보 및 위치 정보까지 수집되는 법적인 문제점을 내포하고 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.2153-2159
• /
• 2013

자동차를 안전운행하기 위해선 운전자는 항상 자동차 상태를 점검해야 한다. 많은 현대인이 자신의 주된 업무 이외에 시간을 따로 할애하여 전문 정비 업소에 방문해 자신의 자동차 상태를 점검받는 것은 정말 어려운 일이다. 지속적으로 자동차 상태를 점검 받지 못하면 운전자 자신의 생명은 물론 주변의 상황까지 어렵게 만드는 큰 사고를 발생할 가능성이 크다. 이를 방지하기 위해 운전자 스스로 자동차 상태를 손쉽게 확인 할 수 있게 도와주는 점검 도구 및 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 운전 중 변화하는 데이터(위치 및 자동차 내부 데이터)를 근거로 주행정보를 기록 후 스마트폰을 활용해 운전자가 스스로 자동차 상태를 손쉽게 점검할 수 있고, 좀 더 나아가 인터넷을 이용해 주행정보를 전문 정비업소에게 공유하여 자동차 상태를 자세히 점검 받을 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.775-782
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Nasal bone fracture is most common facial bone fracture. The cause of fractures is mainly trauma such as fighting, automobile accident and fall down, and it commonly involves young males. Very frequently nasal bone fractures are associated with other facial injuries such as orbital bone fracture, maxillary bone fracture and nasal septal deformities. Because of various dynamic directions of power are involved, phenomenon of fractures are also various and treatment cannot be simple. Methods: We studied and analyzed retrospectively 452 cases nasal bone fractures from January 2008 to December 2010. Diagnosis were made with physical examination, Nasal bone X-rays, Facial bone CT and 3D facial bone CT. Four surgeons are involved in treatments of these patients and applied different procedure along patient's condition and deformity. We analyzed the cause of nasal bone fractures, deformities, associate injuries and applied surgical technique, and patient's satisfaction rate. In this study, old nasal bone fractures were excluded. Results: Young male group was most commonly sustained nasal bone fracture and physical violence was most common cause of injury. 64 of 452 patient was involved associate injuries of face. Closed reduction were applied 246 cases and C-arm quide reduction were 167 cases and in 20 cases lateral osteotomy were applied. Approximately, more than 80% of the Patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of nasal bone fractures are considered simple but because of various deformity and associate injuries, treatment is not always simple and universal. Time to time, we face unsatisfied patient after treatment of nasal bone fractures. For obtaining satisfactory result, cause of injury and state of deformities and associate injuries such as nasal septal deformity should be evaluated properly and proper treatment should be applied.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.107-115
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 자동차 충돌사고 재구성에 직접 적용이 가능하도록, 주어지는 두 차량의 충돌후 속도, 차량에 관한 간단한 물성치와 기하학적 상대 위치들에 근거하여 충돌 직전 속도 성분들을 계산하는 소위 충돌 거동에 대한 역해석 방법을 제시한다. 또한, 제시하는 역해석 방법이 실용적 의미를 가지게 하기 위해서, 충돌 후 조건들로부터 반발계수와 역적비에 대한 적절한 추정 방법과 더불어 충돌 변형으로부터 유추할 수 있는 충돌 과정동안의 에너지 손실에 근거한 역해석 방안도 포함한다. 실차충돌 실험자료의 분석 결과에 따르면, 역적-운동량이론에만 근거한 역해석 결과뿐만 아니라 에너지 손실에 근거한 역해석 결과도 실험 결과와 좋은 일치를 보여주고 있다 강체역학의 범주내에서 역해석을 수행할 수 없는 공통속도 조건과 같은 경우나 반발계수에 관한 추정결과가 적절하지 않게 되는 등 단지 역적-운동량이론만을 이용한 해석 결과가 미흡한 경우에는 에너지 손실에 근거한 역해석 방법을 보완적으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서 제시한 충돌 과정 역해석 결과는 자동차충돌 해석 결과 및 충돌 전·후 거동에 대한 역미끄럼 해석 결과와 유기적으로 결합하여 자동차 충돌 사고 전 과정에 대한 직접적인 역해석을 수행할 수 있는 사고 재구성 패키지의 개발을 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2012

As headlamp technology advances, newly developed various headlamps were introduced in the market. The objective of this study is to quantitatively analyze the detection distance of the recently developed LED headlamps and existing headlamps, complying with specific technical standard. Background: The detection distance of headlamps is very important to prevent automobile accident at night time. The studies of detection distance of LED, Halogen and HID headlamp have been conducted, but no study has shown the detection distance of pedestrian target with various colors (Black, White, Blue). Method: The experiment of detection distance was conducted with 30 people, which divide into 2 groups as 15 men and 15 women. Automatic transferable target on the rail was manufactured in order to reduce the error of study's result, and ANOVA also conducted to analyze the main effect with sign color, sex and headlamp classified by detection distance. In addition, the luminance by average detection distance was measured as well. Results: The detection distance of headlamps was HID > LED > Halogen. The luminance measure of LED headlamp was lower than HID and Halogen headlamps. Conclusion: The headlamp performs a very significant role for safety at night time but it needs to be improved through assessment of visual characteristics. Also, it needs to be suggested the need of test method for dynamic detection distance concerning technical development is suggested.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Methylmethacrylate is the most commonly used alloplastic material in cranioplasty. However during the polymerization of methylmethacrylate, a significant exothermic reaction takes place. This reaction may result in thermal injury to the brain tissue and other soft tissues. Also it is difficult to make three-dimensional methylmethacrylate implant that is perfectly matched to the defect during the operation time. We report on the molding technique of methylmethacrylate implant using plaster mold and the rapid prototyping model in cranioplasty. Methods: A 44-year-old male was referred to the department for severe frontal hollowness. He was involved in an automobile accident resulting in large frontal bone defect with irregular margin. The preformed patient-specific methylmethacrylate implant was made using plaster mold and the rapid prototyping model before the operative day. The methylmethacrylate implant was placed in the frontal defect and rigidly fixed with miniplates and screws on the operative day. Results: The operation was performed in an hour. In the 6 months follow-up period, there were no complications. Patient was satisfied with the results of cranioplasty. Conclusion: Safe cranioplasty was performed with the preformed patient-specific methylmethacrylate implant using plaster mold and the rapid prototyping model. The result of this method was satisfactory, aesthetically and functionally.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.162-165
• /
• 2006

무명동맥에 단독으로 발생하는 동맥류는 드문 질환으로 외상, 감염 또는 동맥경화증에 의해 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 증례는 36세 남자 환자로 16년 전 교통사고의 병력 이외에는 특이한 과거력이 없었으며 신체검사에서 우연히 우상종격동 종양이 발견되어 본원으로 전원되었다. 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 흉골과 경계가 불분명한 5 cm크기의 진성 무명동맥류를 볼 수 있었으며 동맥류의 내부에는 혈전이 관찰되었다 수술은 중등도 이상의 저체온법을 이용하여 체외순환 하에서 Dacron Y-이식편을 사용하여 상행대동맥과 우측 경동맥 및 쇄골하동맥 사이에 우회도관을 연결하였으며 동맥류는 절제하였다. 환자는 수술 후 특별한 합병증 없이 회복되어 퇴원하였고 현재 추적 관찰 중이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2006

The Strain Index(SI) has been commonly used to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) of upper extremities. Recently, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) adopted the Threshold Limit Value for hand activity level (HAL TLV) focused on the hand, wrist, and forearm. The MSDs risks of 37 repetitive works conducted at an automobile climate control system manufacturing factory were evaluated using both the HAL TLV and the SI, and the results by two methods were compared. Also, measured repetitive frequencies of upper limbs joint were mesured using electromyogram and electrogoniometer. The evaluation results of the HAL were related with the repetitive frequency data of upper limbs joint by electrogoniometer, and the NPF was related with %MVC of ECU. The evaluation result of HAL TLV was highly related with the SI score(r=0.66, p<0.01). Of total 37 tasks, 25 tasks(67.6%) were exceeded the TLV and 34 tasks(91.9%) exceeded the SI limit. Although there was a high relationship between the HAL TLV and SI score, the HAL TLV underestimated the risk in comparison with the SI. The correlation coefficients(r) between the HAL TLV data and the repetitive frequency of upper limbs joint were 0.45~0.55(p<0.01). The MSD symptoms was significantly different between high risk groups and low risk groups evaluated by HAL TLV(p<0.01), but was not different between two groups by SI. In conclusion, the HAL TLV is a proper tool for repetitive works.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.128-146
• /
• 2006

The objective of this paper is to examine the proportion and characteristics of non-emergent patients at emergency departments. The observational survey was conducted using a structured form used by emergency medicine specialists or senior residents on June 7-20, 2005. 1,526 patients at ten emergency centers took part in this study. The structural form contained type of insurance, route and means of emergency department (ED) visit, triage based on the Manchester Triage Scale(MTS)-modified criteria, emergency level based on the government defined rule, type of emergency centers (Regional Emergency Medical Center; REMC, Local Emergency Medical Center; LEMC, Local Emergency Agency; LEA), as well as patient's general information. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical program(V.8.2). Descriptive analysis was performed to describe the magnitude of non-emergent patients. ${\chi}^2-analysis$ and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the nonurgent patients' characteristics. In the MTS-modified criteria, we found a 15.3% rate of non-emergent patients. This rate differed from that of non-emergent patients obtained using government's rule. In particular, there were inaccuracies in the definition of government rule on non-emergent patients, so it is necessary to apply the new government rule regarding classification of non-emergent patients. There were significant differences in the rate of non-emergent patients according to type of ED, means of ED visit, time to visit, and insurance. Non-emergent patients are more likely to visit a D-type ED(LEA having less than 20,000 patients annually), not to use ambulance, to have 'Automobile Insurance, Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, or pay out-of-pocket'. Non-emergent patients tend to visit ED due to illness rather than injury. Further studies on the development' of triage scale and reexamination of the government's rule on emergency visits are required for future policy in this area.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2005

PCV(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) valve acts as a flow control valve to get a re-combustion of blow-by gas by having it flow from a crankcase to an inlet manifold suction tube. The blow-by gas of the crankcase should be eliminated or taken properly because it cause corrosion to critical parts, and contributes to increase crankcase pressure that can cause a drop in efficiency. The excessive stress and strain on the PCV valve that remove these harmful gas would be bring the difficult on the flow rate control and failure of the valve. Those condition inevitably induce the accident. Therefore, this study purpose is FEM evaluation of the stresses and deformation in the X3 PCV model according to the change of the differential pressure between inlet and outlet. From results, the maximum equivalent stresses increased linearly according to the increase of the differential pressure at the about 50mm from the inlet position and were under the yield strength of the valve. And the deformations were relatively small regardless of the in-outlet differential pressure variation.