• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

This work was conducted to find the operating characteristics of an efficient wet grinding system designed to obtain fine rice husk ash powder. Once the rice husk was combusted and the thermal energy was recovered from the furnace, the ash was fed and pulverized in the grinding system resulting a fine powder to be used as a supplementary adding material to the portland cement. Grinding time (15, 30, 45 min), impeller speed (250, 500, 750 rpm), and mixed ratio (6.7, 8.4, 11.l, 20.9) were three operating factors examined for the performance of a wet-type stirred ball mill grinding system. For the operating conditions employed, mean diameter of fine ash powder, specific energy input, and grinding energy efficiency were in the range of $2.83{\sim}9.58{\mu}m,\;0.5{\sim}6.73kWh/kg,\;and\;0.51{\sim}3.27m^2/Wh$, respectively. With the wet-type stirred ball mill grinding system used in this study, the grinding energy efficiency decreased with the increase in total grinding time, impeller speed, and mixed ratio. The difference in specific surface area of powder linearly increased with logarithm in total number of impeller revolution and the grinding energy efficiency linearly decreased. Grinding time of 45 min, impeller speed of 500 rpm, and mixed ratio of 6.7 were chosen as the best operating condition. At this condition, mean particle diameter of the fine ash, grinding energy efficiency, grinding throughput, and specific energy input were $2.84{\mu}m,\;2.28m^2/Wh,\;0.17kg/h$, and 2.03kWh/kg, respectively. Wet fine grinding which generates no fly dust causing pollution and makes continuous operation easy, is appeared to be a promising solution to the automatization of rice husk ash grinding process.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

Waste office paper, photocopied or laser printed, has recently increased along with office automatization. In waste office paper, toner ink is used as the printing medium in place of conventional oil ink. Since toner ink cannot be saponificated by alkali and be decolored by bleaching, different from the case of oil ink, toner remains on regenerated paper as black specks. Although cascade recycling of waste office paper is compelled at present, the demand for low-grade paper is limited. From such circumstances, a new separation process for waste office paper is demanded to achieve parallel recycling. At the first stage of separation studies, the sharpness of separation is evaluated using small separators to obtain fundamental data. In a lab-scale separator, the sample amount of one feed is generally a few grams. However, the sample amount used for brightness, ERIC, and image analysis that are generally used to evaluate the efficiency of deinking are not small for lab-scale tests of these analyses. This paper describes an investigation of a sheet preparation method by a small amount of sample under 0.5g and compares the precision of toner content determination of spectroscopic analysis and image analysis from the viewpoint of separation evaluation. The easiness and convenience of the operation using only general-purpose equipments has also been set as a principle purpose. From the viewpoint of an analysis that yields high precision with a small amount of sample in short time, the method calculating the absorption coefficient from diffuse reflectance in the visible region is the most rational method in this study.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

종래에 아날로그 방식의 사진측량에서는 중복된 영상을 도화기를 통해 표정과정을 거쳐 입체모델을 생성하고 이를 바탕으로 도화과정을 수행함으로써 최종도면을 획득하였다. 그러나 이러한 과정을 소형컴퓨터를 통해 일괄처리 함으로써 처리과정의 자동화를 꾀할 수 있으며 입체 모델은 생성하지 않고 해석적인 방법을 통해 3차원 수치자료를 쉽게 획득 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 수치영상을 이용하여 3차원 위치측정이 가능한 측량시스템을 구축하여 기준점 측량작업 및 촬영조건을 획기적으로 줄임으로써 보다 효율적으로 수치도면을 제작하는데 도움을 주고자 한다. 그 결과 비교적 저가의 디지털 카메라로 사진측량이 이루어지고 컴퓨터만으로도 수치도면을 작성할 수 있다. 따라서 소규모 지역에서는 일반측량보다 경제적으로 수치 도면을 작성할 수 있으므로 시설물 관리를 위한 도면제작 등에 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.908-913
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• 1998

육상수조를 이용한 해산어의 양식은 사육환경의 악화와 질병발생 등으로 인하여 생산성이 점차 저하되고 있으며, 배출수로 인해 양식장 주변연안의 환경문제점을 유발하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 시스템 및 자동화 설계기술을 이용하여 유입수처리를 위한 스크린필터와 배출수 처리를 위한 드럼필터의 개발을 위한 기초단계로서 각각에 대한 개념 설계를 수행하고, 이를 바탕으로 한 실험용 모델의 제작가 운행을 수행하였다. 그 결과 현장용필터제작에 필요한 초기설계 및 상세설계에 대한 자료를 얻을 수 있었으며, PLC를 이용한 자동화는 장치의 효용성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.450-454
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• 1998

These studies were performed to find out the possibility of automatic detection of the diseased animal with fever by farmers themselves. Firstly, the body temperature of 331 dairy cows was investigated according to major disease symptoms manifested. Secondly, AD 590 thermometer was used to take the teat temperature of the milking cows to determine the possibility of automatic taking of body temperature while milking. The temperatures of scapha of ear and coccygeal artery part were also taken fur the non-milking dairy cows and Korean native cowl 1. The average body temperature of dairy cows associated with respiratory diseases puerperal disease, or mastitis was higher than normal temperature denoting respectively 39.8,39.6, and $39.3{\circ}C.2.$ The teat temperaure of the milking dairy cows with fever($39.5~39.6{\circ}C$) and the cows with mastitis was respectively 1.02 and 0.56${\circ}C$ higher than that of normal cows. 3. The average teat temperature taken by AD 590 was 33.91, 34.93, and 34.50${\circ}C$ in normal milking dairy cows, cows with fever(39.5~39.6${\circ}C$), and cows with mastitis, respectively. 4. The mean temperatures at scapha and coccygeal part of non-milking dairy cows and Korean native cows were 35.62 and 36.63${\circ}C$, respectively. It was concluded that AD 590 thermometer would be usable for the farmers to automatirally detect the body temperature of dairy cows while milking and subsquently to find the diseased cow with fever and that the scapha of ear and coccygeal artery part of the cattle could be the body parts of simply detecting body temperature of non-milking cattle.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 1989

In this treatise, the kinds of main dishes and the frequency of them, and the materials, the variation of recipe, the measuring units, the cooking utensils, and the measuring terms, which used for making main foods were studied from the books published from 1670 to 1943 in Korea. 1. Main dishes were classified as Bap, Zook: Am-Zook, Mee-Um: Yue-Yi: Won-Mi, Guck-Soo: Naeng-Myun, Man-Doo: Duck-Guk: Soo-Jae-Bee. 2. There were 115 kinds of main dishes including 21 kinds of Bap and Yack-Bap, and 34 kinds of Zook and Am-Zook, 11 kinds of Mee-Um, Yue-Yi and Won-Mi, and 21 kinds of Man-Doo, Duck-Guk and Soo-Jae-Bee. 3. There were 41 kinds of measuring units used for making main dishes including 17 kinds of volume units, 3 kinds of weight units, 14 kinds of quantity units, 4 kinds of units for length, thickness, and 3 kinds of the others. 4. There were 62 kinds of cooking utensils among which Ssot (iron-pot) was the most widely used, but nowadays the most of them were rarely used due to automatization and mechanization of living tools. 5. All cooking terms were 148 kinds including 52 kinds of terms for the preparing process, 24 kinds of terms for the mixing process, 30 kinds of terms for the making-shape process, 18 kinds of terms for the heating process, 16 kinds of terms for the chopping process, and 8 kinds of terms for the setting process.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.21-39
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• 1992

Many problems were found out the remarkable unbalance between paddy fields and up-land areas, or between plain and mountainous areas, unreasonable establishing of land consolidaton boundaries without consideration of rural development, lower leverl of construction technology of the roads and canals for agricultral use ad operation and maintenance of them by human power far apart from the ages of high technology, high information and free internationalisation, and too slow progress to overcome the weak agricultural circumstances etc. through the survey in the past executed land consolidation projects. The basic ways for solution of these problems for propulsion of land consolidation project through investigation are summarized as follows : 1. Land consolidation project should be executed to the direction of balanced regional development, laying stress on the upland and mountainous areas in order to carry out the agriculture effectively. 2. the acreage of land consolidation project to be conducted anually should be increased to overcome the serious underdeveloped agricultural development. 3. It should be developed to the way in accordance with the order of land use from the view point of rural integral development including the rural readjustment. 4. The level of the structures of road and canal, the size of standard lot and the grouping of land substitution should be to incraese the productivity of land and labour more than ever and reached to a degree in cope with the age of industrialization, information and free internationalisation. 5. The level of the management of agricultural water use and the maintenace of the various facilities should be developed to be automatization, remote control, central control and information processing instead human work. 6. Land substitution should take a measure of grouping method in accordance with the agricultural plan and farming organization, which can overcome high industrialized society in place of the substition by origin land. 7. Land consolidation project should be planned in order to fulfil a conservative function of ecosystem and resources together with improvement of land and labour productivity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2010

신선대부두에 국내 최초로 ATC가 도입됨으로써 생산성이 50% 향상되었으나 세부 자동화기술 개발 미진으로 더 이상의 생산성 향상이 기대되기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 세계 최고 수준의 완전 무인화 기술의 필요성에 의해 정부는 2009년 10월에 '고효율 ATC 기술 개발'에 착수했다. 그러나 세계 최고 수준의 생산성을 나타내는 ATC를 개발하기 위해서는 이미 개발된 선진 기술들과의 중복을 피하고 차별화된 독자적인 기술 개발이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 기술 개발의 성공을 위해 사전에 반드시 필요한 국내외의 기존 기술에 대한 면밀한 분석과 세계 최고 수준에 대한 명확한 목표 설정, 그리고 기술개발의 성공을 위한 합리적인 개발 로드맵을 제시하였다. 이를 통한 ATC 무인자동화기술 개발로 국내 항만이 주변국 항만과의 경쟁에서 우위를 점하고 동북아 물류허브항만으로의 도약과 함께 우리나라의 차세대 성장 동력으로서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 기술 개발의 결과가 국내 자동화터미널의 관련 기술의 성능 평가의 표준이 되고 선진 자동화터미널로서의 입지를 다지게 될 것이다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2022

환의를 포함한 병원 직물은 입원하는 환자가 반드시 접하게 되는 재고 물품으로 매일 일정량 이상의 공급과 소모가 지속적으로 이루어진다. 하지만 직물을 공급 및 이용하는 과정이 비효율적으로 운영되어 그 개선에 대한 요구도는 높으나 상대적 관심도는 낮은 실정이다. 병원 내 직물 소비, 제공 과정에 대한 프로세스 청사진 기법을 적용하여 분석한 결과 간호사의 직물에 대한 업무 부담, 환자의 만족도 저하, 감염의 위험성 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있는 취약점이 확인되었다. 임상실무자 설문, 델파이 기법을 통한 자료 분석을 기반으로 서비스 청사진 기법을 통하여 자동화된 프로세스 개선안을 개발하였다. 직물 소비 제공 프로세스의 개선안을 도입하였을 때 기대효과는 자동화 서비스를 이용한 환자들의 평균적 대기시간의 감소, 간호사의 직물 관련 행정적 업무 부담 감소, 체계적인 직물 수량관리를 통한 프로세스 효율성 상승, 직물 보관소 내 접촉 주체 제한에 따른 감염 관리 효율성 상승을 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

This study developed a comprehensive and easily applicable nuclear reactor control system evaluation method using reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database. A proposed control panel design cycle consists of the 5 steps: (1) finding out inconvenient, erroneous, and mentally stressful factors for the proposed design through evaluative experiments, (2) drafting improved design alternatives considering detective factors found out in the step (1), (3) comparative experiements for the design alternatives, (4) selecting a best design alternative, (5) returning to the step (1) and repeating the design cycle. Reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database collected from evaluative experiments in the step (1) and comparative experiments in the step (3) of the design cycle have a key roll in finding out defective factors and yielding the criteria for selection of the proposed reactor control systems. The behavioral database was designed to include the major informations about reactor operators' control behaviors: beginning time of operations, involved displays, classification of observational behaviors, dehaviors, decisions, involved control devices, classification of control behaviors, communications, emotional status, opinions for man-machine interface, and system event log. The database for mental workload scored from various physiological variables-EEG, EOG, ECG, and respir- ation pattern-was developed to indicate the most stressful situation during reactor control operations and to give hints for defective design factors. An experimental test for the evaluation method applied to the Compact Nuclear Simulator (CNS) installed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) suggested that some defective design factors of analog indicators should be improved and that automatization of power control to a target level would give relaxation to the subject operators in stressful situation.