• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2006

It is a world trend to construct large terminal and develop automated container terminal to attract Super Post-Panamax and provide service which is based on differentiation. In fact, there is insufficient research for automatization of terminal gate since the automatization of current constructed container terminal is only focused on increasing productivity and unmanned system through the automatization of quay, yard, etc. In this paper, we have investigated advantage/disadvantage of existing gate operation systems and compared each gate operation system in the aspect of raising terminal image and the productivity. For the specific study, we have used data from actual terminal gate operation and RFID model business sponsored by MOMAF (Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries). As a result, this paper carried out an efficient gate operation system and it has been expected that it will be performed as groundwork of automated gate operation system which is for design of container terminal and improvement of gate operation system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.59-60
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• 2023

The automation of container terminals is an important factor that determines port competitiveness, and global advanced ports tend to strengthen their competitiveness through container terminal automation. The operational efficiency of the AGV, which is an essential transport equipment of the automated terminal, can improve the productivity of the automated terminal. The operation of AGVs in automated container terminals differs from that of conventional container terminals, as it is based on an automated system in which AGVs travel along designated paths and operate according to assigned tasks, requiring consideration of factors such as workload, congestion, and collisions. To prevent such problems and improve the efficiency of AGV operations, a more sophisticated model is necessary. Thus, this paper proposes an AGV scheduling model that takes into account the AGV travel path and task assignment within the terminal The model prevent the problem of deadlock and. various cases are generated by changing AGV algebra and number of tasks to create AGV driving situations and evaluate the proposed algorithm through algorithm and optimization analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.567-572
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• 2005

Trade between nations has been globalized since establishing the WTO(World Trade Organization). By lowering trading barriers under the WTO's system, trade in goods has been gradually increased It requires global logistic system that transports goods in between nations. To save cost of product, cargo of product is containerized and container ships to carry container cargo is going to be bigger: In the market, there are many vendors to provide artificial intelligent modules to operate container terminal. In order to integrate automated container terminal system easily and successfully, this thesis proposes high-level XML/ JMS( eXtensive Markup Language/Java Message Service) communication model and multi-agent based system architecture to share knowledges, solve problems, and active objectives by cooperating between autonomous and intelligent agents that are developed by 3rd party companies in the market. This thesis analyzed current situation of advanced automated container terminal with case studies on implemented systems and difficulties to develop automated container terminal system, reviewed technologies of intelligent agent, communication and automation that unmaned automated container terminal is required.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.387-394
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• 2012

In an automated container terminal, automated stacking cranes(ASCs) take charge of handling of containers in a block of the stacking yard. This paper proposes a multi-criteria strategy to solve the problem of job dispatching of twin ASCs which are identical to each another in size and specification. To consider terminal situation from different angles, the proposed method evaluates candidate jobs through various factors and it dispatches the best score job to a crane by doing a weighted sum of the evaluated values. In this paper, we derive the criteria for job dispatching strategy, and we propose a genetic algorithm to optimize weights for aggregating evaluated results. Experimental results are shown that it is suitable for real time terminal with lower computational cost and the strategy using various criteria improves the efficiency of the container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.121-129
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• 2000

In this paper, we discuss how to operate a buffer yard in an automated container terminal, which will be used for resolving the difficulties to which the interaction between external manned trucks and internal unmanned equipment led. The determination of fleet size of material handling equipment is an important issue in designing of buffer yard in automated container terminals. This research also addresses the issue of determining buffer capacities through simulation. By using response surface methodology (RSM) for efficient experimentation, the optimal combination of design parameters under applicable operational strategies is obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.155-160
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• 2003

Today, for improvement of container terminal productivity, it is necessary to develop ACT(Automated Container Terminal) But, decision rules for conventional container terminals expose various limitations to be applied to ACT. Specially it is important fact to assignment of containers, because the character of ACT which block layout is vertical for berth. And then there is need which assignment of containers with remarshaling work using ATC(Automated Transfer Crane)s. The objective of this study is to provide the operation rules for remarshaling work in ACT. To analyze the proposed rules, the simulation is performed, and we show efficiency of remarshaling on various remarshaling operation rules.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to analyze transport ability of AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) and SHC(SHuttle Carrier). The main difference between two types of transport vehicles is that AGV depends on container crane or transfer crane to do loading/unloading container, but SHC is very independent to it. Therefore, the transport ability of SHC is expected to be higher than AGV. So, in this paper, we established simulation model to evaluate two types of transport vehicles and analyzed the results. Simulation model was established to automated container terminal with perpendicular yard layout, and applied closed loop operation of transport vehicle between apron and stacking yard. In the result, SHC showed very superior than AGV aspect of container crane productivity and vehicle fleets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to analyze transport ability of AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) and SHC(SHuttle Carrier). The main difference between two types of transport vehicles is that AGV depends on container crane or transfer crane to do loading/unloading container, but SHC is very independent to it. Therefore, the transport ability of SHC is expected to be higher than AGV, So, in this paper, we established simulation model to evaluate two types of transport vehicles and analyzed the results. Simulation model was established to automated container terminal with perpendicular yard layout, and applied closed loop operation of transport vehicle between apron and stacking yard. In the result, SHC showed very superior than AGV aspect of container crane productivity and vehicle fleets,

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2000

The major movement block of the containers have range between apron and designation points on yard in container terminal. The yard tractor operated by human takes charge of its movement in conventional container terminal. In automated container terminal, AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) has charge of the yard tractor's role and the navigation path is ordered from upper level control system. The automated container terminal facilities must have the docking system to guide landing line to have high speed travelling and precision positioning. The general method for docking system uses the vision system with CCD camera, infra red, and laser. This paper describes the detection of AGV's position and orientation using laser slit beam to develop docking system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.63-70
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• 2002

The main subject to become a hub pen is automation The automated container terminal has already operated in advanced pons and it bas been planned for the basic planning and operation design in domestic case. The key of automated container terminal is effective operation of both ATC(automated transfer crane) and AGV(automated guided vehicle) which is automated handling equipments. This is essential to productivity of automated container terminal. This study suggests the moat optimal method of equipment operation in order to minimize loading time using each three types of effective AT operation methods and AGV dispatching rules in automated container terminals. As the automated equipment operation causes unexpected deadlocks or interferences, it should be proceeded on event-based real tine. Therefore we propose the most effective ATC operation methods and AGV dispatching rules in this paper. The various states occurred in real automated container terminals are simulated to evaluate these methods. This experiment will show the most robust automated equipment operation method on various parameters(the degree of yard re-marshaling, the number of containers and the number of AGVs).