• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.439-454
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to extensively identify $PM_{10}$ sources and to estimate their contributions to the study area, based on the analysis of the $PM_{10}$ mass concentration and the associated inorganic elements, ions, and total carbon. The contribution of $PM_{10}$ sources was estimated by applying a receptor method because identifying air emission sources were effective way to control the ambient air quality. $PM_{10}$ particles were collected from May to November 2007 in the Yongin-Suwon bordering area. $PM_{10}$ samples were collected on quartz filters by a $PM_{10}$ high-volume air sampler. The inorganic elements (Al, Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Si, Ba, Ti and Ag) were analyzed by an ICP-AES after proper pre-treatments of each sample. The ionic components of these $PM_{10}$ samples ($Cl^_$, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$) were analyzed by an IC. The carbon components (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, OP, EC1, EC2 and EC3) were also analyzed by DRI/OGC analyzer. Source apportionment of $PM_{10}$ was performed using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. After performing PMF modeling, a total of 8 sources were identified and their contribution were estimated. Contributions from each emission source were as follows: 13.8% from oil combustion and industrial related source, 25.4% from soil source, 22.1% from secondary sulfate, 12.3% from secondary nitrate, 17.7% from auto emission including diesel (12.1%) and gasoline (5.6%), 3.1% from waste incineration and 5.6% from Na-rich source. This study provides information on the major sources affecting air quality in the receptor site, and therefore it will help us maintain and manage the ambient air quality in the Yongin-Suwon bordering area by establishing reliable control strategies for the related sources.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.163-178
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• 2010

Emotional associations formed in the relationships between the consumer and luxury brands can be approached via examining the roles these associations play when they account for the brand equity of the luxury brands. The present study is an exploratory examination on the effects a battery of emotional relationships exert upon the consumers' intention to participate in promotional activities and in communities built around the brand, which is a crucial part of the luxury brand's equity, in regards to Korea's burgeoning import auto market. Participants who completed the survey are professionals such as medical doctors, lawyers, accountants, and university professors. Included in the analyses are the top six automobile brands in sales(i.e., BMW, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Audi, and Volkswagen), and the scores that the respondents provided regarding the way they relate themselves to particular foreign car brands are analyzed and yield six different groups of emotional associations(i.e., affection, identification, indispensability, reliability, intimacy, and awe). The brand equity is measured with three variables that show the levels of the consumer's participatory intentions toward each brand are analyzed in order to elicit the antecedent variables and their impact on the participation variables in the regression models. When the respondents are divided into two groups by the levels of brand knowledge(i.e., scores drawn from the respondent's capability of correctly linking specific automobile brands with the corresponding corporate brands), consumers with higher brand knowledge show distinct patterns of influential variables, as they differentiate themselves from less knowledgeable consumers in terms of the influential antecedent variables accounting for the consumer's intended participation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2016

Algal blooms not only destroy fish habitats but also diminish biological diversity of ecosystem which results into water quality deterioration of 4 major rivers in South Korea. The relationship between algal bloom and environmental factors had been analyzed through the cross-correlation function between concentration of chlorophyll a and other environmental factors. However, time series of cross-correlations can be affected by the stochastic structure such auto-correlated feature of other controllers. In order to remove external effect in the correlation analysis, the pre-whitening procedure was implemented into the cross correlation analysis. The modeling process is consisted of a series of procedure (e.g., model identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking of selected models). This study provides the exclusive correlation relationship between algae concentration and other environmental factors. The difference between the conventional correlation using raw data and that of pre-whitened series was discussed. The process implemented in this paper is useful not only to identify exclusive environmental variables to model Chl-a concentration but also in further extensive application to configure causality in the environment.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

The violent crime has increased dramatically in our society. This is because our society has to change quickly. Strong police force, but this is not enough to solve the crime. And there are a lot of police to investigate the situation difficult to go out to the crime scene. So inevitably increase in the risk of crime. Researchers have conducted a number of studies to solve this problem. However, the proposed study how realistic are many points still lacking. herefore, we to take advantage of smartphones and high-speed Internet access technology to provide security services using the push service for rapid identification and crime situation in this study. Therefore, we would like to provide rapid service to identify criminal security situation using smart-phone app and push services on the high speed internet environments. The proposed system is to record the voice information received from the smart phone near the user presses the hot key is set in advance in real-time, and stores the audio information stored in the LBS information to the server through the authentication procedure. And the server uses the stored voice data and LBS Push service information to inform their families. We have completed the design of the proposed system. And it has implemented a smart phone app, the user authentication server. And using the state in which the push service from the authentication server by transmitting a message to a user to inform a family. But more must examine whether the proposed research is relevant in future studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.565-574
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of an automatic blood typing analyzer using QWALYS-2 up (Diagast, Loos Cedex, France). During a month( 01OCT2013 - 31OCT2013) we performed 1,636 tests for ABO & RhD blood typing, 1,374 tests for antibody screen & identification tests and compared the results by automatic blood type analyzer with previous manual methods and column agglutination tests. And we analyzed the economic performance by comparison the test unit price between automatic blood type analyzer and manual methods. In ABO & RhD blood typing tests, there were complete concordances between manual and automated blood typing analyzer for 200 clinical samples. In Antibody screen tests, the concordance rate between manual and automated blood typing analyzer was 98.5% and more strong reaction in automated blood typing analyzer than manual methods. Therefore, the introduction of an automated blood typing analyzer, reagents costs were increased but labor costs were decreased. Considering the importance of transfusion safety and economic advantages, the introduction of an automated blood typing analyzer was very useful.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

Since the functional importance of marine phytoplankton was firstly advocated from early 1880s massive data on the species composition and abundance were produced by classical microscopic observation and the advanced auto-imaging technologies. Recently, pigment composition resulted from direct chemical analysis of phytoplankton samples or indirect remote sensing could be used for the group-specific quantification, which leads us to more diversified data production methods and for more improved spatiotemporal accessibilities to the target data-gathering points. In quite a few cases of many long-term marine ecosystem monitoring programs the phytoplankton species composition and abundance was included as a basic monitoring item. The phytoplankton data could be utilized as a crucial evidence for the long-term change in phytoplankton community structure and ecological functioning at the monitoring stations. Usability of the phytoplankton data sometimes is restricted by the differences in data producers throughout the whole monitoring period. Methods for sample treatments, analyses, and species identification of the phytoplankton species could be inconsistent among the different data producers and the monitoring years. In-depth study to determine the precise quantitative values of the phytoplankton species composition and abundance might be begun by Victor Hensen in late 1880s. International discussion on the quality assurance of the marine phytoplankton data began in 1969 by the SCOR Working Group 33 of ICSU. Final report of the Working group in 1974 (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 18) was later revised and published as the UNESCO Monographs on oceanographic methodology 6. The BEQUALM project, the former body of IPI (International Phytoplankton Intercomparison) for marine phytoplankton data QA/QC under ISO standard, was initiated in late 1990. The IPI is promoting international collaboration for all the participating countries to apply the QA/QC standard established from the 20 years long experience and practices. In Korea, however, such a QA/QC standard for marine phytoplankton species composition and abundance data is not well established by law, whereas that for marine chemical data from measurements and analysis has been already set up and managed. The first priority might be to establish a QA/QC standard system for species composition and abundance data of marine phytoplankton, then to be extended to other functional groups at the higher consumer level of marine food webs.