한국대기환경학회지 (Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment)

  • 제24권4호
  • /
  • Pages.439-454
  • /
  • 2008
  • /
  • 1598-7132(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2383-5346(eISSN)
한국대기환경학회 (Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

PMF모델을 이용한 용인.수원 경계지역에서 PM10 오염원의 확인과 상대적 기여도의 추정

Identification of Atmospheric PM10 Sources and Estimating Their Contributions to the Yongin-Suwon Bordering Area by Using PMF

  • 이형우 (경희대학교 대학원 환경응용과학과 대기오염연구실 및 환경연구센터) ;
  • 이태정 (경희대학교 대학원 환경응용과학과 대기오염연구실 및 환경연구센터) ;
  • 양성수 (경희대학교 대학원 환경응용과학과 대기오염연구실 및 환경연구센터) ;
  • 김동술 (경희대학교 대학원 환경응용과학과 대기오염연구실 및 환경연구센터)
  • Lee, Hyung-Woo (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus) ;
  • Lee, Tae-Jung (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus) ;
  • Yang, Sung-Su (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Sool (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
  • 발행 : 2008.08.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The purpose of this study was to extensively identify $PM_{10}$ sources and to estimate their contributions to the study area, based on the analysis of the $PM_{10}$ mass concentration and the associated inorganic elements, ions, and total carbon. The contribution of $PM_{10}$ sources was estimated by applying a receptor method because identifying air emission sources were effective way to control the ambient air quality. $PM_{10}$ particles were collected from May to November 2007 in the Yongin-Suwon bordering area. $PM_{10}$ samples were collected on quartz filters by a $PM_{10}$ high-volume air sampler. The inorganic elements (Al, Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Si, Ba, Ti and Ag) were analyzed by an ICP-AES after proper pre-treatments of each sample. The ionic components of these $PM_{10}$ samples ($Cl^_$, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$) were analyzed by an IC. The carbon components (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, OP, EC1, EC2 and EC3) were also analyzed by DRI/OGC analyzer. Source apportionment of $PM_{10}$ was performed using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. After performing PMF modeling, a total of 8 sources were identified and their contribution were estimated. Contributions from each emission source were as follows: 13.8% from oil combustion and industrial related source, 25.4% from soil source, 22.1% from secondary sulfate, 12.3% from secondary nitrate, 17.7% from auto emission including diesel (12.1%) and gasoline (5.6%), 3.1% from waste incineration and 5.6% from Na-rich source. This study provides information on the major sources affecting air quality in the receptor site, and therefore it will help us maintain and manage the ambient air quality in the Yongin-Suwon bordering area by establishing reliable control strategies for the related sources.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 오미석(2007) Cascade Impactor를 이용한 수원지역 부유분진 오염원의 정량적 추정에 관한 연구, 경희대학교 일반대학원 석사논문
  2. 이태정, 김동술(1997) 수원지역 입자상 오염물질 중 화학원소의 농도경향 및 오염원 기여도 추정에 관한 연구, 경희대학교 대학원 환경학과 박사논문
  3. 차재두, 김동술(2005) 수원지역 대기 중 PM10 농도 및 무기원소 성분의 장기간 특성연구, 경희대학교 대학원 환경학과 석사논문
  4. 통계청(2005) 통계연보 2004
  5. 황인조, 김태오, 김동술(2001) PMF 방법론을 이용한 수원지역 PM-10의 오염원 확인, 한국대기환경학회지, 17(2), 133-145
  6. 황인조, 김동술(2003) PMF 모델을 이용한 대기 중 PM-10 오염원의 정량적 기여도 추정, 한국대기환경학회지, 19(6), 719-731
  7. Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, L.C. Pritchett, W.R. Pierson, C.A. Frizier, and R.G. Purcell (1993) The DRI thermal/ optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in US air quality studies, Atmospheric Environment, 27A(8), 1185-1201
  8. Chow, J.C. (1995) Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 45, 320-382 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1995.10467369
  9. Jeong, C.H., G.J. Evans, T. Dann, M. Graham, D. Herod, E.D. Zlotorzynska, D. Mathieu, L. Ding, and D. Wang (2008) Influence of biomass burning on wintertime fine particulate matter: Source contribution at a valley site in rural British Columbia, Atmospheric Environment, 42(16), 3684-3699
  10. Dockery, D.W., C.A. Pope, X.P. Xu, J.D. Spengler, J.H. Ware, M.E. Fay, B. Ferris, and F.E. Speizer (1993) An association between air-pollution and mortality in 6 United States cities, New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1753-1759 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199312093292401
  11. Gauderman, W.J., R. McConnell, F. Gilliland, S. London, D. Thomas, E. Avol, H. Vora, K. Berhane, E.B. Rappaport, F. Lurmann, H.G. Margolis, and J. Peter (2000) Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 162, 1383-1390 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9909096
  12. Gorsuch, R.L. (1983) Factor Analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London
  13. Hopke, P.K. (2000) A guide to Positive Matrix Factorization, in Workshop on UNMIX and PMF as applied to PM2.5. Edited by R.D. Willis, RTP, NC, EPA 600/A-00/048
  14. Hutzicker, J.J., R.L. Johnson, J.J. Shah, and R.A. Cary (1982) Analysis of organic and elemental carbon in ambient aerosols by a thermal-optical method, in: Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life cycle, edited by: Wolff, G.T. and Klimisch, R.L., Plenum Press, New York, NY
  15. Kim, E. and P.K. Hopke (2004) Comparison between conditional probability function and nonparametric regression for fine particle source directions, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4667-4673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.035
  16. Kim, E., P.K. Hopke, and Y. Qin (2005) Estimation of organic carbon blank values and error structures of the speciation trend network data for source apportionment, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 55, 1190-1199 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2005.10464705
  17. Lee, E., C.K. Chan, and P. Paatero (1999) Application of positive matrix factorization in source apportionment of pariculate pollutants in Hong Kong, Atmospheric Environment, 33(19), 3201-3212 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00113-2
  18. Lee, J.H., Y. Youshida, B.J. Turpin, P.K. Hopke, R.L. Poirot, P.J. Lioy, and J.C. Oxley (2002) Identification of sources contributing to Mid-Atlantic regional aerosol, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 52(10), 1186-1205 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470850
  19. Morawska, L. and J. Zhang (2002) Combustion sources of particles. 1. Health relevance and source signatures, Chemosphere, 49, 1045-1058 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00241-2
  20. Paatero, P. (1998) User's guide for positive matrix factorization program PMF2 and PMF3, part 1: Tutorial University of Helsinki
  21. Paatero, P. and U. Tapper (1994) Positive matrix factorization: A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values, Environmetric, 5, 111-126 https://doi.org/10.1002/env.3170050203
  22. Paterson, K.G., J.L. Sagady, D.L. Hooper, S.T. Bertman, M.A. Carroll, and P.B. Shepson (1999) Analysis of air quality data using positive matrix factorization, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 33(4), 635-641 https://doi.org/10.1021/es980605j
  23. Pitts, F.B.J. and J.N. Pitts (2000) Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere, Academic Press, San Diego, CA
  24. Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, P. Paatero, W.C. Malm, and J.F. Sisler (1998) Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska, 2. Elemental composition and sources, J. of Geophysical Research Environ., 103(D15), 19045-19057 https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01212
  25. Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, and R.D. Poirot (2001) Atmospheric aerosol over Vermont: Chemical composition and sources, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 35(23), 4604-4621 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0105865
  26. Pope, C.A., D.V. Bates, and M.E. Raizenne (1995) Health effects of particulate air pollution: time for reassessment, Environmental Health Perspectives, 103, 472-480 https://doi.org/10.2307/3432586
  27. Qin, Y., K. Oduyemi, and L.Y. Chan (2002) Comparative testing of PMF and CFA models, Chemo. Intell. Lab. Syst., 61, 75-87 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00175-7
  28. Schwartz, J. and D.W. Dockery (1992) Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations, The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 145, 600-604 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/145.3.600
  29. Song, X.H., A.V. Polissar, and P.K. Hopke (2001) Source of fine particle composition in the northeastern US, Atmospheric Environment, 35(31), 5277-5286 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00338-7
  30. U.S. EPA (1999a) SPECIATE Ver 3.1
  31. U.S. EPA (1999) Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Volume I, EPA/600/p-99/002a
  32. Zhao, W. and P.K. Hopke (2004) Source apportionment for ambient particles in the San Gorgonio wilderness, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 5901-5910 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.011
  33. Zhao, W. and P.K. Hopke (2006) Source identification for fine aerosols in Mammoth Cave National Park, Atmospheric Research 80, 309-322 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.10.002

피인용 문헌

  1. Analysis of Organic Molecular Markers in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter: Understanding the Impact of "Unknown" Point Sources on Chemical Mass Balance Models vol.25, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2009.25.3.219
  2. PM10 and PM2.5 Characterization based on Mass Concentration Long-term (1989 ~ 2012) Database in Yongin-Suwon Area vol.31, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.3.209
  3. Study on Chemical Characterization of PM2.5 based on Long-term Database (1990 ~ 2012) and Development of Chemical Species Profiles During Haze Days and Asian Dust Days in Yongin-Suwon Area vol.31, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.3.223
  4. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Gyeongsan Using the PMF Model vol.31, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.6.508
  5. Characteristics of PM10 in Gwangju Using Factor Analysis vol.27, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2018.27.4.241