Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.4.439

Identification of Atmospheric PM10 Sources and Estimating Their Contributions to the Yongin-Suwon Bordering Area by Using PMF  

Lee, Hyung-Woo (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Lee, Tae-Jung (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Yang, Sung-Su (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Kim, Dong-Sool (College of Environment & Applied Chemistry and Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment / v.24, no.4, 2008 , pp. 439-454 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to extensively identify $PM_{10}$ sources and to estimate their contributions to the study area, based on the analysis of the $PM_{10}$ mass concentration and the associated inorganic elements, ions, and total carbon. The contribution of $PM_{10}$ sources was estimated by applying a receptor method because identifying air emission sources were effective way to control the ambient air quality. $PM_{10}$ particles were collected from May to November 2007 in the Yongin-Suwon bordering area. $PM_{10}$ samples were collected on quartz filters by a $PM_{10}$ high-volume air sampler. The inorganic elements (Al, Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Si, Ba, Ti and Ag) were analyzed by an ICP-AES after proper pre-treatments of each sample. The ionic components of these $PM_{10}$ samples ($Cl^_$, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$) were analyzed by an IC. The carbon components (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, OP, EC1, EC2 and EC3) were also analyzed by DRI/OGC analyzer. Source apportionment of $PM_{10}$ was performed using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. After performing PMF modeling, a total of 8 sources were identified and their contribution were estimated. Contributions from each emission source were as follows: 13.8% from oil combustion and industrial related source, 25.4% from soil source, 22.1% from secondary sulfate, 12.3% from secondary nitrate, 17.7% from auto emission including diesel (12.1%) and gasoline (5.6%), 3.1% from waste incineration and 5.6% from Na-rich source. This study provides information on the major sources affecting air quality in the receptor site, and therefore it will help us maintain and manage the ambient air quality in the Yongin-Suwon bordering area by establishing reliable control strategies for the related sources.
Keywords
$PM_{10}$; Receptor method; PMF; Sources;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim, E. and P.K. Hopke (2004) Comparison between conditional probability function and nonparametric regression for fine particle source directions, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4667-4673   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Kim, E., P.K. Hopke, and Y. Qin (2005) Estimation of organic carbon blank values and error structures of the speciation trend network data for source apportionment, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 55, 1190-1199   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Lee, E., C.K. Chan, and P. Paatero (1999) Application of positive matrix factorization in source apportionment of pariculate pollutants in Hong Kong, Atmospheric Environment, 33(19), 3201-3212   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Morawska, L. and J. Zhang (2002) Combustion sources of particles. 1. Health relevance and source signatures, Chemosphere, 49, 1045-1058   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Paatero, P. and U. Tapper (1994) Positive matrix factorization: A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values, Environmetric, 5, 111-126   DOI
6 Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, P. Paatero, W.C. Malm, and J.F. Sisler (1998) Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska, 2. Elemental composition and sources, J. of Geophysical Research Environ., 103(D15), 19045-19057   DOI
7 Pope, C.A., D.V. Bates, and M.E. Raizenne (1995) Health effects of particulate air pollution: time for reassessment, Environmental Health Perspectives, 103, 472-480   DOI
8 Zhao, W. and P.K. Hopke (2004) Source apportionment for ambient particles in the San Gorgonio wilderness, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 5901-5910   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Gorsuch, R.L. (1983) Factor Analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London
10 황인조, 김태오, 김동술(2001) PMF 방법론을 이용한 수원지역 PM-10의 오염원 확인, 한국대기환경학회지, 17(2), 133-145
11 이태정, 김동술(1997) 수원지역 입자상 오염물질 중 화학원소의 농도경향 및 오염원 기여도 추정에 관한 연구, 경희대학교 대학원 환경학과 박사논문
12 차재두, 김동술(2005) 수원지역 대기 중 PM10 농도 및 무기원소 성분의 장기간 특성연구, 경희대학교 대학원 환경학과 석사논문
13 Zhao, W. and P.K. Hopke (2006) Source identification for fine aerosols in Mammoth Cave National Park, Atmospheric Research 80, 309-322   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Dockery, D.W., C.A. Pope, X.P. Xu, J.D. Spengler, J.H. Ware, M.E. Fay, B. Ferris, and F.E. Speizer (1993) An association between air-pollution and mortality in 6 United States cities, New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1753-1759   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Song, X.H., A.V. Polissar, and P.K. Hopke (2001) Source of fine particle composition in the northeastern US, Atmospheric Environment, 35(31), 5277-5286   DOI   ScienceOn
16 통계청(2005) 통계연보 2004
17 황인조, 김동술(2003) PMF 모델을 이용한 대기 중 PM-10 오염원의 정량적 기여도 추정, 한국대기환경학회지, 19(6), 719-731
18 Pitts, F.B.J. and J.N. Pitts (2000) Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere, Academic Press, San Diego, CA
19 Hopke, P.K. (2000) A guide to Positive Matrix Factorization, in Workshop on UNMIX and PMF as applied to PM2.5. Edited by R.D. Willis, RTP, NC, EPA 600/A-00/048
20 오미석(2007) Cascade Impactor를 이용한 수원지역 부유분진 오염원의 정량적 추정에 관한 연구, 경희대학교 일반대학원 석사논문
21 U.S. EPA (1999a) SPECIATE Ver 3.1
22 Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, and R.D. Poirot (2001) Atmospheric aerosol over Vermont: Chemical composition and sources, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 35(23), 4604-4621   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Gauderman, W.J., R. McConnell, F. Gilliland, S. London, D. Thomas, E. Avol, H. Vora, K. Berhane, E.B. Rappaport, F. Lurmann, H.G. Margolis, and J. Peter (2000) Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 162, 1383-1390   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
24 Schwartz, J. and D.W. Dockery (1992) Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations, The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 145, 600-604   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
25 Lee, J.H., Y. Youshida, B.J. Turpin, P.K. Hopke, R.L. Poirot, P.J. Lioy, and J.C. Oxley (2002) Identification of sources contributing to Mid-Atlantic regional aerosol, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 52(10), 1186-1205   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Paatero, P. (1998) User's guide for positive matrix factorization program PMF2 and PMF3, part 1: Tutorial University of Helsinki
27 U.S. EPA (1999) Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Volume I, EPA/600/p-99/002a
28 Chow, J.C. (1995) Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 45, 320-382   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Paterson, K.G., J.L. Sagady, D.L. Hooper, S.T. Bertman, M.A. Carroll, and P.B. Shepson (1999) Analysis of air quality data using positive matrix factorization, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 33(4), 635-641   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Hutzicker, J.J., R.L. Johnson, J.J. Shah, and R.A. Cary (1982) Analysis of organic and elemental carbon in ambient aerosols by a thermal-optical method, in: Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life cycle, edited by: Wolff, G.T. and Klimisch, R.L., Plenum Press, New York, NY
31 Qin, Y., K. Oduyemi, and L.Y. Chan (2002) Comparative testing of PMF and CFA models, Chemo. Intell. Lab. Syst., 61, 75-87   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, L.C. Pritchett, W.R. Pierson, C.A. Frizier, and R.G. Purcell (1993) The DRI thermal/ optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in US air quality studies, Atmospheric Environment, 27A(8), 1185-1201
33 Jeong, C.H., G.J. Evans, T. Dann, M. Graham, D. Herod, E.D. Zlotorzynska, D. Mathieu, L. Ding, and D. Wang (2008) Influence of biomass burning on wintertime fine particulate matter: Source contribution at a valley site in rural British Columbia, Atmospheric Environment, 42(16), 3684-3699