• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2024

Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder impacts children's social, sensory, and language development, necessitating specialized educational support. Special classrooms play a crucial role in providing an appropriate learning environment for children with autism. However, there is a lack of systematic research on creating effective environments in these special classrooms. Methods: This study aims to gain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the environmental composition of special classrooms for children with autism spectrum disorder, using the following systematic methodologies including literature review and case study. Results: Sensory spaces in special classrooms for children with autism help regulate sensory stimuli and promote sensory development. They provide stability, reducing stress from excessive stimuli, and enhance emotional stability. These spaces also promote communication and interaction among children and expand the diversity of learning activities, enriching experiences and stimulating interest in learning. Implications: Based on the results, we propose suggestions for improving the environment of special classrooms for children with autism spectrum disorder and provide direction for the design of such environments.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze non-medication interventions for self-injurious behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, using a systematic review, and to provide evidence of appropriate services for individuals with autism spectrum disorders with self-injury behaviors in the clinical practice of occupational therapy. Methods : Using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline (ProQuest), DBpia, RISS, KISS, and NDSL, we searched for articles published in Korean and international journals from December 2004 to November 2018. The main search term were "Autism OR Autism Spectrum Disorder AND Therapy OR Treatment Or Intervention AND Self Injurious Behavior." Qualitative analysis was performed, and the results are presented in the PICO format. Results : A total of 12 articles were selected. The quality of the evidence was highest in level IV and level V. Single studies with an experimental design were the most common. Behavior therapy was the most common type of intervention. The next most common interventions were behavioral therapy, brain stimulation and control, and sensory integration therapy with behavioral therapy. The self-injury behaviors of individuals autism spectrum disorders were decreased, and was statistically significant. Conclusion : This study investigated the use of non-medication interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders who showed self-injury behavior. Future research should use higher-level designs, and investigate differences between various non-medication interventions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.10
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• pp.538-542
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• 2021

Background: The relationship between small for gestational age (SGA) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remains unknown. Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between SGA and the risk of ASD. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to November 2020. The heterogeneity across studies was explored using the I² statistic. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Begg test. The results were reported using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: The literature search yielded 824 articles with 8,752,138 participants. We assessed the association between SGA and the risk of ASD in cohort and case-control studies. Based on the random-effects model, compared with SGA, the estimated OR of the risk of ASD was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.09-1.24). Therefore, there was a significant association between SGA and the risk of ASD. Conclusion: Based on OR reports in epidemiological studies, we showed that SGA is a risk factor for and can increase the risk of ASD. The association between SGA and ASD risk has further relevance to the current public health emphasis on appropriate prepregnancy weight and pregnancy weight gain.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.149-156
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• 2022

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the training program based on the social story strategy for developing self-determination skills among students with autism spectrum disorder. The population of the study consisted of all students with autism spectrum disorder in the Desired Hope Association for People with Disabilities in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and the sample of the study consisted of (6) students. The study used the quasi-experimental approach with one group. To achieve the objectives of the study, the ARCS scale for self-determination skills was used, Hassan Al-Masry (2018). The results of the study revealed, through comparing the students' performances in their pre and post-tests regarding to the ARKS scale and through their answers on the scale, the effectiveness of the training program based on the social story for developing the skills of self-determination among students with autism spectrum disorder. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences after applying the program when significance level was (0.001). The result came in favor of the post-test.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.369-378
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• 2012

Analysis of synaptic plasticity together with behavioral and molecular studies have become a popular approach to model autism spectrum disorders in order to gain insight into the pathosphysiological mechanisms and to find therapeutic targets. Abnormalities of specific types of synaptic plasticity have been revealed in numerous genetically modified mice that have molecular construct validity to human autism spectrum disorders. Constrained by the feasibility of technique, the common regions analyzed in most studies are hippocampus and visual cortex. The relevance of the synaptic defects in these regions to the behavioral abnormalities of autistic like behaviors is still a subject of debate. Because the exact regions or circuits responsible for the core features of autistic behaviors in humans are still poorly understood, investigation using region-specific conditional mutant mice may help to provide the insight into the neuroanatomical basis of autism in the future.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medicine on treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in childhood. Methods We treated an 8-years-old patient who was diagnosed with autism (grade II) with herbal medicine, acupuncture and electric moxibustion. Every 11 months, Korean-Childhood Autism Rating Scale (K-CARS) was used to assess the patient's symptom progression. Results After 21 months of Korean medicine treatment, the child's overall health was improved. Moreover, language ability, emotional control, memory and cognitive abilities got better, as well as anxiety, agitation, and aggressive behavior related to ASD were also decreased. K-CARS score at the initial stage of the treatment was 39.5 points, which can be considered as severe autism. After 11 months of the treatment, the K-CARS score was 34.5 points which is mild-moderate autism. Conclusions Korean medicine treatment can be effective in improving symptoms of ASD. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the treatment benefits to ASD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2023

Savant syndrome was described before autism. However, they soon became closely associated, as many of their symptoms (intellectual disability, repetitive behaviors, alterations in social communication, and islets of abilities) overlap. Only a few women with autism have been diagnosed with savant syndrome. The theories or hypotheses that attempt to explain savant syndrome, which are common in autism, present differential treatment according to sex. We postulate that savant syndrome associated with autism as well as autism in general is underdiagnosed in women.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-96
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• 2014

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine validity of the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist: K-CBCL) as measures for emotional and behavioral problems for use with children with autism spectrum disorders. In present study, the factor of the K-CBCL was investigated, using data of 248 children with autism spectrum disorders, with 11.17 mean ages. The two factor model of Internalizing problems (Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed) and Externalizing problems (Delinquent Behavior, Aggressive Behavior) was investigated by the confirmatory factor analysis. The two factor model of K-CBCL was adequate for children with autism spectrum disorders. The inter-item consistency for the sub-factor of K-CBCL demonstrated on adequate reliability of the measure. Although the inter-item consistency of Withdraw, Social problems, Delinquent Behavior was not acceptable, the inter-item consistency of Internalizing, Externalizing and total problems were good. This results supported validity and reliability and suggested that K-CBCL is used to assess for emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.11-25
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, treatment principle, formula of traditional Chinese medicine for autism spectrum disorder by reviewing journal articles published in China. Methods We searched literatures dated up to 8 January, 2018 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and evaluated pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, treatment principle, formula of traditional Chinese medicine for autism spectrum disorder. Results Thirty four studies were selected for analysis. These studies included pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, treatment principle, formula of traditional Chinese medicine for autism spectrum disorder. The most common pattern differentiations were the pattern of kidney essence depletion, pattern of phlegm confounding the orifices of the heart, pattern of dual vacuity of the heart and spleen, pattern of effulgent heart-liver fire, pattern of liver failing to course freely. The most common treatment principles were supplementing the kidney, transquilizing, fortifying the spleen, transforming phlegm, opening the orifices, and calming the liver. The most commonly-used formulas were Yukmijihwangtang (六味地黃湯), Modified Ondamtang (加味溫膽湯), Guibitang (歸脾湯), Yangsimtang (養心湯), Jwaguihwan (左歸丸), Cheonmagudeungeum (天麻鉤藤飮), and Danchisoyosan (丹梔逍遙散). Conclusions This study shows the latest trend of pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, treatment principle, formula of traditional Chinese medicine for autism spectrum disorder. Further study is needed to solidify these findings.