• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

Endosseous implants have restored normal function and dental health to many patients. When implants were introduced as an effective treatment modality, their efficacy was limited by the amount of available bone. Today, various grafting procedures can surgically create bone width and volume. Implants can be placed in more ideal locations for successful prosthetic reconstruction. The use of autogenous bone grafts represents the "gold standard" for bone augmentation procedures. Either intraoral or extraoral sites may be considered for donor sites. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous bone block, can be done during implant placement or staged with implant placement, after bone graft healing. In the staged technique, a better implant positioning and the use of wide diameter implants are possible. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous block graft is a predictable way of treatment, for the atrophic alveolar ridge before implant placement. The cases presented in this article clinically demonstrate the efficacy of using a autogenous block graft in generating effective new bone fill for dental implant placement.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2010

The maxillary posterior area is the most challenging site for the dental implant. After missing of teeth on maxillary posterior area due to periodontal problems, the remaining alveolar ridge is usually very thin because of not only pneumatization of maxillary sinus but also destruction of alveolar bone. The maxillary sinus bone graft procedure is one of the most predictable and successful treatments for the rehabilitation of atrophic and pneumatized endentulous posterior maxilla. But, in case of severe destruction of alveolar bone due to periodontal problems, very long crown length is still remaining problem after successful sinus graft procedures. We performed vertical augmentation of maxillary posterior alveolar ridge using mandibular ramal block bone graft with simultaneous sinus graft. After this procedures, we could get more favorable crown-implant ratio of final prosthodontic appliance and more satisfactory results on biomechanics. This is a preliminary report of the vertical augmentation of maxillary posterior alveolar ridge using mandibular ramal block bone graft with simultaneous sinus graft, so requires more long-term follow up and further studies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.255-258
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• 2006

Nasions are flat and located more caudally in Asian than in Caucasian. Implant insertions in rhinoplasties are apt to move nasions more cephallic, which can cause unsatisfactory results in Asian. The purpose of this study is introducing a simple technique in rhinoplasty avoiding unnatural nasion in augmentation rhinoplasty in Asian patients. Multiple radiating incisions were made at nasion level on inner side of silicone implant to fit it into the curvature around the nasion. Between October 2001 and October 2003, 27 patients underwent augmentation rhinoplasties using this technique and results were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative photographs of patients were used to measure the levels of nasion from medial canthus. The mean nasion level from medial canthus of preopertive patients were $3.46{\pm}0.87mm$ and postoprative patient was $4.98{\pm}0.96mm$. The mean difference between preoperative nasion level and postoperative nasion level was 1.52 mm. There was no complication such as extrusion, displacement or infection. This technique of radiating incisions on inner side of the silicon implant can minimize cephalic migration of the nasion level in augmentation rhinoplasty in Asian.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2001

A methodology is developed for designing the minimum-cost water distribution network. The method is based on network simulations and an optimization scheme using genetic algorithms. Being a stochastic optimization scheme, genetic algorithms have advantages over the conventional search algorithms in solving network problems known for their nonlinearities and herculean computational costs. While existing methods focus on the design of either entirely new or parallel augmentation of network systems, the proposed method can be applied to problems having both new branches of tree-type and paralle augmentation in loops. The applicability of the method was shown through a case study for Baekryeon water supply system. The optimized design resulted in the maximum 5.37% savings compared to the conventional design without optimization, while meeting the hydraulic constraints.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.646-660
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• 2017

This study provides basic data to develop a brassiere pattern that can cover the big breast of breast enlargement patients. In this study, we also showed areas of the brassiere cup pattern and the body surface of the breast on a breast enlargement patient. The results of the study are as follows. Correlation analysis was obtained between volume and body surface area and breast detail dimensions. After the correction process, we proposed a research bra pattern for breast augmentation patients. The cup-boundary in bra patterns of breast enlargement surgery patients is longer than the bra patterns of the general breast; therefore, the height of the inner and outer edges of the upper cups is higher. Also, it is necessary to set the new breast upper point when measuring the upper length in patients with breast augmentation surgery because the points of circumference of the breast are marked higher than chest circumference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1141-1153
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• 2017

The wearing of the correction bra is very important to stabilize the shape of an implant after breast enlargement surgery; however, the verification of the wearing effect is insufficient. This study surveyed women who experienced breast augmentation surgery, to investigate wearing condition and satisfaction with bras worn immediately after surgery and during the recovery period as well as to collect basic data for the development of an improved patient bra. The study results are as follows. More than half of the respondents stated that they wear a cupless brassiere. As a result of the satisfaction by brassiere types, the cupless bra showed the highest satisfaction. The most important factor in choosing a patient's bra after breast augmentation surgery was the "degree of breast compression". Through the application of the results of this study, the necessity of development of the brassiere for breast enlargement patients with improved function and comfort was understood. It is therefore necessary to improve the function of holding the shape of the breast and applying appropriate pressure as well as designing the ventilated material without skin irritation that is superior to the existing brassieres.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 1991

In the treatment of mandibular prognathism with concomitant features of narrow alar base and some paranasal deficiency, simultaneous paranasal augmentation for the additional esthetic effect can be considered, if it is determined to correct the mandibular prominence and class III by a mandibular set-back. Alloplastic augmentation has several advantages upon the autogenous means in the respect of dimensional stability and simplicity of operation. This is a case report of silastic paranasal augmentation performed simultaneously with mandibular set-back surgery which has a period of 15 months of follow-up postoperatively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

The maxillary posterior edentulous region presents unique and challenging conditions in implant dentistry. The height of the posterior maxilla is reduced greatly as a result of dual resorption from the crest of the ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus after the loss of teeth. Materials previously used for sinus floor grafting include autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogenic bone and alloplastic materials. Autogenous bone is the material of choice, but its use is limited by donor-site morbidity, complications, sparse availability, uncontrolled resorption and marked volume loss. One way to overcome this problem would be to use bone substitutes alone as a osteoconductive scaffold for bone regeneration from the residual bone or in combination with allogeneic bone, which also has osteoinductive properties. The purpose of this article is to describe a double layers technique of demineralized and mineralized bone graft materials instead of autogenous bone in sinus floor augmentation of deficient posterior maxillary alveolar process and to report our experience with this technique. Our results show that maxillary sinus augmentation using mineralized and demineralized bone materials, when installed simultaneously with the implant or not, is good results for bone healing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.361-365
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• 2006

High ionospheric spatial gradient during ionospheric storm is most concern for the landing approach with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) augmentation systems. In case of the GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System), the ionospheric storm causes sudden increase of the ionospheric delay difference between a ground facility and a user (aircraft), and the aircraft position error increases significantly. Since the ionosphere behavior and the storm effect depend on geographic location, understanding the ionospheric storm behavior at specific regional area is crucial for the GNSS augmentation system development and implementation. Korea Aerospace Research Institute and collaborating universities have been developing an integrity monitoring test bed for GBAS research and for future regional augmentation system development. By using the dense GPS (Global Positioning System) networks in Korea, a regional ionosphere map is constructed for finding detailed aspect of the ionosphere variation. Preliminary analysis on the ionospheric gradient variation during a recent storm period is performed and the results are discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is augmentation of heat transfer without additional power in the case of rectangular air jet which impinges vertically on the heating surface. The experimental results are obtained heat transfer augmentation of a two-dimensional impinging jet using the surface roughness of transverse repeated-rib type. The integral average heat transfer coefficient of ribbed plate is about two times larger than that of flat plate. In order to supplement the information about the mechanism of heat transfer augmentation, the flow structure in the stagnation region is visually studied by using the smoke wire technique. The heat transfer augmentation is due to the effect of stretching of large scale vortex in the stagnation region.