• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

This study investigates the differences in nasalance across handicap, gender, and vowels and the correlation between nasal energy and oral energy both of which are used to compute nasalance. For this study, 20 hearing-impaired adults and 20 normal hearing adults as a control group were asked to read 7 Korean vowels (/$\alpha$, $\Lambda$, o, u, ɯ, i, $\varepsilon$/). Subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. Results showed that the hearing impaired group (HL) has a significantly higher nasalance than the normal hearing group(NH), and that there was a significant positive correlation between nasal energy and oral energy. A higher nasalance of the hearing impaired group seems to be due to an improper velopharyngeal control which is caused by lack of a proper auditory feedback.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.375-376
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• 2014

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Diplophonia is generally defined as the perception of more than one fundamental frequency component in a voice. Its perceptual aspect has traditionally been used to evaluate diplophonia because the perceptions can be easily evaluated, but there are limitations in the validity of the reliability of the intra- and inter-raters, examination situation, and variation of voice sample. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm the reliability and accuracy of auditory perceptual evaluation by comparing non-invasive indirect assessment methods (sound waveform and EGG analysis), and to identify their usefulness with diplophonia. A total of 28 diplophonic voices and 39 non-periodic voices were assessed. Three raters assessed the diplophonia by performing an auditory perception evaluation and identifying the quasi-periodic perturbations of the acoustic waveform and EGG. Among the three discrimination methods, intra- and inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were examined, and the McNemar test was performed to compare the discriminant agreement. The accuracy of the auditory perceptual evaluation (86.57%) was not significantly different from that of sound waveform acoustic (88.06%), but it was significantly different from that of EGG (83.33%). The reading time (6.02 s) for the auditory perceptual evaluation was significantly different from that for sound waveform analysis (30.15 s) and EGG analysis (16.41 s). In the discrimination of diplophonia, auditory perceptual evaluation has sufficient reliability and accuracy as compared to sound waveform and EGG. Since immediate feedback is possible, auditory perceptual evaluation is more convenient. Therefore, it can continue to be used as a tool to discriminate diplophonia in clinical practice.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.85-97
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effects of a digital pegboard training program with visual and auditory feedback on hand function and visual perception in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty two participants were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group received training using a digital pegboard training program with visual and auditory feedback (n=11), while traditional occupational therapy was administered to the control group (n=11). Hand function was assessed before and after the intervention using the Nine-Hole Peg Test and manual function test (MFT), while visual perception was assessed using the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3rd edition (MVPT-3). Results : Following the intervention, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvements in performance in the Nine-Hole Peg Test and MVPT-3 (p<.05). The improvement on both tests was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : The results suggest that digital pegboard training with visual and auditory feedback may improve hand function and visual perception in stroke patients. Therefore, this intervention can be effective in occupational therapy to aid the recovery of stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

This study set out to investigate what kind of effects the consistent visual stimuli and verbal and non verbal auditory stimuli have on pain alleviation, as well as to see the influence of joint application of visual and auditory stimuli at the same time on pain alleviation, according to lightness of 50lux and 200lux, ultimately providing basic data in setting up an environment in case of treating pain. The subject were comprised of 30 male and female adults with pain in the neck and back area. The subject were treated in their pain area with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator(TENS) 100HZ for 20 minutes in the research set where each visual, auditory, and joint visual and auditory stimuli was given. For analysis methods, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire were adopted to see the changes before and after treatment, and the electrocardiogram, systolic and diastolic pressure, number of heart rate and breathing frequence and endorphin were compared and analyzed using the Wilcoxon singed-rank test. And The Kreskal-walllis test was used to compare the two subgroups from each group. Wilcoxon singed-rank test and the Kreskal-walllis test was used to compare the two subgroups from each group. The results were as follows: 1. The group of 50lux and 200lux were compared given varying degrees of visual stimuli. The group of 200lux showed more reduction in pain points, average systolic and diastolic pressure and average endorphin. 2. The group of verbal and non verbal were compared given varying degrees of auditory stimuli. The group of non-verbal showed more reduction in average systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. The group of 200lux+verbal and 200lux+non verbal were compared given varying degrees of joint visual and auditory stimuli. There was found a statistical significance(p<0.05) in endorphin between the two groups, with more endorphin reduction for 200lux+non verbal group. And there was a statistically significant reduction in VAS and McGill before and after the treatment between the two groups.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.531-544
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• 2009

In the past, objective usability was one of the most important aspects when user used system. But nowadays user's subjective experiences are getting more critical element than objective usability in HCI(human-computer interaction). Most people own their mobile phone and use it frequently these days. It is especially important to make user's subjective experiences more positive when using devices like mobile phones people frequently carry and interact with. This study investigates whether the interfaces which express the emotion give more positive experiences to users. Researchers created mobile phone prototypes to compare the effect of mechanical melody feedback(the major auditory feedbacks on mobile phones) and emotional voice feedback(recorded human voice). Participants experienced four kinds of mobile phone prototypes(no feedback, mechanical melody feedback, emotional voice feedback and dual feedback) and evaluated their experienced usability, hedonic quality and preference. The result suggests that person's perceptional fun and hedonic quality were getting increased in the phone which gave the emotional voice feedback than the mechanical melody feedback. Nevertheless, the preference was evaluated lower in the emotional voice feedback condition than the others.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2006

This study attempted to compare acoustic parameters, physiological observation and perceptual evaluation values obtained from the treatment and control groups in order to find out which of the self voice feedback therapies was better and which methods to train them were more effective. The experimental group carried out various self voice feedback therapies while the control group did only vocal hygiene. The acoustic measurement and voice manipulation for providing the patients visual, auditory feedback were done by a speech analysis software, Praat. The authors designed vocal hygiene, abdominal respiration and Praat self voice feedback therapies and applied them to 15 patients while applying only one vocal hygiene to 15 of the control group. For the purpose of examining the degree of their voice improvement after the treatment, pre- mid- and final evaluations were made for the two groups at the beginning, the 6th week and immediately after the 8th treatment session. Results of this study were as follows: The treatment group showed much improvement after receiving the voice treatment. In particular, acoustical and physiological indices from the optical endoscopy, pitch variation(Jitter), amplitude variation (Shimmer), maximum phonation time(MPT), and psychoacoustic evaluation showed statistically significant improvements over the control groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.940-947
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• 2009

The study aims at investigating frequency of the stuttering of stutterers according to FAF pitch alternation level, examining a stuttering group. The study has collected spoken language samples by making each 10 people of a stuttering group carry out a reading and monologue task using NAF and FAF. The results of this study were as follows. In stuttering frequency, both reading and monologue task, there was significant difference of stuttering frequency according NAF and FAF pitch alternation level. But, There was significant difference of stuttering frequency according FAF pitch alternation level. NAF levels than FAF on type of stuttering decreased at the level of all the core behavior. The decrease was a lot of block, core behavior has changed as often repeated.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop wearable products with visual and auditory feedback aimed at promoting exercise interest in children. Here we determined the theoretical characteristics of cognitive and motor function development during childhood, empirical characteristics of children's motor functions, and factors that encourage exercise using natural observation and in-depth interview research methods. The questionnaire assessed children's motor ability, intensively trained body parts in sports programs, types of training or classes that improve the motor ability of each muscle group, significantly considered aspects of children's sports programs, and factors that promote children's interest in exercise. Our results suggest that the development of sport programs comprising varied exercise options that enhance body and limb movements are needed for balanced growth. Furthermore, it is very important to provide motivation for regular exercise and appropriate feedback, such as praise and encouragement, to maintain interest in exercise. This study identifies the standards for developing products that peak children's interest in exercise and the basis for a physically and mentally healthy society.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Push-up plus has been advocated for increasing the activity of the serratus anterior muscle, the most critical scapular stabilizer. However, no previous study has reported the possibility of compensatory motion on the part of the pectoralis major, which could substitute for the action of the serratus anterior during push-up plus. The aim of the current study was to investigate the immediate effect of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback of the pectoralis major muscle on the pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles during push-up plus. Fourteen healthy young subjects voluntarily participated in this study; each subject performed push-up plus from the quadruped position, in two conditions (i.e., with or without visual and auditory biofeedback). Surface EMG was used to measure pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and upper trapezius activity. A paired t-test was used to determine any statistically significant difference between the two conditions. Additionally, effect size was calculated to quantify the magnitude of EMG biofeedback in each muscle. Visual and auditory feedback reduced pectoralis major muscle activity significantly (p=.000) and increased the serratus anterior muscle activity significantly (p=.002), but did not induce a significant difference in upper trapezius muscle activity (p=.881). Thus, it is concluded that the visual and auditory feedback of pectoralis major muscle activity can be used to facilitate serratus anterior muscle activity during push-up plus.