• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2011

Objectives : This study explored the clinical differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Methods : Participants were 49 children and adolescents with ages between 6 and 18 years. These subjects were placed into 2 groups: ADHD without DCD (24) and ADHD with DCD (25). We used several evaluation tools on both groups: the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version- Korean Version (K-SADS-PL), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-IIII), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (K-PRC), and Bruininks-Osretsky Test of Motor (BOT-2). Results : Patients with both ADHD and DCD had a lower performance intelligence quotient and more internal and external behavioral symptoms than patients with ADHD but not DCD. It is possible that patients with ADHD and motor coordination problems should be noticed earlier and given intensive treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2012

Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology, and congenital heart defects. The main facial features of Noonan syndrome are hypertelorism with down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, and low-set posteriorly-rotated ears with a thickened helix. The cardiovascular defects most commonly associated with this condition are pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other associated features are webbed neck, chest deformity, mild intellectual deficit, cryptorchidism, poor feeding in infancy, bleeding tendency, and lymphatic dysplasias. The patient is a 10-year-old boy. He had experienced repeated febrile convulsions. He had typical facial features, a short stature, chest deformity, cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux, and mental retardation. His language and motor development were delayed. When he went to school, it was difficult for him to pay attention, follow directions, and organize tasks. He also displayed behavior such as squirming, leaving his seat in class, and running around inappropriately. Clinical observation is important for the diagnosis, so we report a patient who was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome, mental retardation, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2010

주의력결핍-과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD)는 학령기 어린이의 가장 흔한 정신장애로 점차 증가하는 추세이다. ADHD 어린이들은 자극에 선택적으로 오래 집중하는 것을 어려워하고, 말이 많거나 허락 없이 자리에서 일어나고 뛰어다니며, 팔과 다리를 끊임없이 움직이는 등 활동 수준이 높다. 또한 충동적인 성향이 있어서 넘어지거나 사고를 당하는 경우도 많다. 이에 치과치료 시 행동조절, 구강위생, 외상 등의 문제를 예상할 수 있는 바, 치과의사의 관심이 증대되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 증례는 ADHD로 진단받은 만 8세 여아로 약물진정 및 심리적인 행동조절법을 이용해 치과적 주소를 해결해 주었고, 문헌고찰을 통해 다소의 지견을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 1993

저자들은 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) 환자에서 과잉활동증을 동반한 집단과 과잉활동증을 동반하지 않은 집단간에 행동 및 정서적 특성을 비교하고, 각 증상척도들 간의 임상적 관계를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. ADHD 환자 36명을 Werry-Weiss-Peters Activity Rating Scale(WWPARS) 평가기준(20점)에 따라 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity(ADD+H) 집단 19명과 Attention Deficit Disorder without Hyperactivity(ADD-H) 집단 17명으로 분류하여 Conners Rating Scale(CRS), Home Situations Questionnaire(HSQ), School Situations Questionnair(SSQ), Child Behavior Check-list(CBCL) 등을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 두 집단간에 인구학적 특성은 차이가 없었다. 2) ADD+H 집단의 CRS 행동증상척도는 점수는 ADD-H 집단에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며, HSQ와 SSQ를 통하여 가정과 학교에서의 행동문제 상황을 비교한 결과, ADD+H 집단의 행동문제 상황의 유형이나 개수 및 증상의 심도가 ADD-H 집단에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 3) 각 집단의 CBCL 8개 소척도 점수를 비교하였을 때, ADD+H 집단의 비행척도와 공격성 척도가 유의하게 높았다. 4) ADHD의 행동증상과 CBCL의 행동정서척도 간의 상관관계를 조사한 결과, CRS, WWWPARS의 행동증상척도와 CBCL의 공격성척도, 비행척도, 정서불안정척도 간에는 유의한 양성 상관관계가 있었으며, 특히 공격성척도와 과잉활동증 간에는 매우 유의한 상관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과로 미루어 ADHD는 과잉활동증의 유무에 따라 그 임상적 특징이 차이가 있음을 시사하며, 향후 ADHD의 여러 임상적 유형과 약물치료효과 간의 관련성에 대한 연구 및 ADHD 환자에서 행동 특성과 인지기능이 통합된 연구의 필요성이 요구된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2019

Objectives: This study investigated quality of life in Korean juvenile inmates with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of behavioral and emotional problems on quality of life. Methods: In total, 200 inmates were evaluated using the Korean version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (K-MINI) and the Korean version of the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL-K). We extracted the inmates with ADHD and evaluated their quality of life, behavioral problems, and emotional problems with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 200 total inmates, 68 were diagnosed with ADHD by the K-SADS-PL-K. Most of the correlations between PedsQL scores and K-YSR items were significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that PedsQL could be predicted by affective problems (among the DSM-oriented scales of the K-YSR) and attention problems (among the syndrome scales of the K-YSR). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that, among juvenile inmates with ADHD, quality of life was negatively correlated with most behavioral and emotional problems. Meanwhile, the significant influence of affective and attention problems on inmates' quality of life suggests the necessity of comprehensive treatments for this group.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1998

성인기의 양극성장애와 정신분열병 환자에서 아동기에 주의력결핍-과다활동 증상을 조사하여 서로의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 저자들은 40세 미만의 남자 중 원주기독병원에서 추적진료중인 26명의 양극성장애군, 29명의 정신분열병군, 그리고 27명의 정상대조군에서 Wender Utah Rating Scale(WURS), WURS 25개 항목(WURS-25), Parent Rating Scale(PRS)을 이용하여 아동기의 주의력결핍-과다활동 증상을 비교하였다. 양극성장애군은 정상대조군과 비교하여 WURS의 평균득점이 의미있게 높았다. WURS-25와 PRS의 평균득점도 양극성장애군이 다른 두 군에 비해 의미있게 높았다. 그러나 정신분열병군에서 WURS, WURS-25, PRS 각각의 평균 득점은 정상대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. WURS와 PRS는 양극성장애군과 정상대조군에서 상관관계를 보였지만 정신분열병군에서는 상관관계가 없었다. 양극성장애군에서 정신분열병군과 정상대조군에 비해 아동기의 주의력결핍-과다활동 증상이 더 많았으며, 이 결과는 양극성장애와 주의력결핍-과다활동장애의 연관성을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2020

Deep learning (DL) is a kind of machine learning technique that uses artificial intelligence to identify the characteristics of given data and efficiently analyze large amounts of information to perform tasks such as classification and prediction. In the field of neuroimaging of neurodevelopmental disorders, various biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, prognosis prediction, and treatment response prediction have been examined; however, they have not been efficiently combined to produce meaningful results. DL can be applied to overcome these limitations and produce clinically helpful results. Here, we review studies that combine neurodevelopmental disorder neuroimaging and DL techniques to explore the strengths, limitations, and future directions of this research area.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2017

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder that can affect individuals across their lifespan. It is characterized by the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD develops as a result of the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Children and adults with ADHD usually suffer concomitantly from other psychiatric comorbidities, including both externalizing and internalizing disorders. It is associated with functional impairment and poor long-term outcomes. This review aims to summarize the key findings from recent research into ADHD and its prevalence, core symptoms, cause and comorbidities from childhood to adulthood.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

This review aimed to assist clinicians in the identification and assessment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with an emphasis on diagnostic and rating instruments. Pubmed and RISS were utilized to identify relevant studies and critical reviews on the diagnosis and assessment of adult ADHD, published between 1988 and 2010. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-v1.1, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale, and the Current Symptoms Scale have been utilized for self-reporting of current ADHD symptoms. The Brown ADD Rating Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Current Symptoms Scale, and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale have also been evaluated by an observer. The Childhood Symptom Scale and the Wender-Utah Rating Scale have been used for retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD symptoms and the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale, the Adult Interview, the Brown ADD Diagnostic Form, the Conners adult ADHD diagnostic interview for DSM-IV, and the Wender-Reimherr Interview have been available as comprehensive diagnostic interviews. There is a wide variety of instruments available with respect to adult ADHD. The choice of appropriate instruments is essential for achieving accurate diagnosis and assessment of this disorder.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-175
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• 2006

Objective : This study is to investigate the method for assesment and diagnosis of ADHD, especially focusing on behavior rating scales. Methods : We searched the recent date of the publication and paper in ADHD. Results : For Assesment and Diagnosis of ADHD, various method such as interview with parents, child and teacher, behavior observation, behavior rating scales and neuropsychological test are used. The structured interview consists of the restrictive questions and response, and then have diagnostic algorithm, consequently can be used by untrained clinicians. Of the structured interview, standardization of K-SADS in Korean version is finished. Behavior rating scales, the form of parent, teacher and self-report questionnaires, are used as diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD. Behavior rating scales consist of both ADHD-specific scales and broad-band scales designed to screen for various symptoms (including ADHD symptoms). ADHD-specific scales are useful in differential diagnosis, discrimination of subtype, treatment evaluation, However, broad-band scales are useful in preliminary examination. The neuropsychological tests can evaluate attention deficit and effect of attention deficit on cognitive function and academic performance. The neuropsychological tests also used in diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD. Conclusion : For Assesment and Diagnosis of ADHD, various method are used, especially behavior rating scales are both useful and simple tool for diagnosis and treatment evaluation.