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The Effects of Flight attendant's Uniform Design on Uniform Satisfaction and Select Airline (항공사 승무원 유니폼의 특성이 유니폼 만족도와 항공사 선택에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Su;Park, Hye-Yoon
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.18 no.9
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    • pp.189-199
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to identify the effect of a flight attendant's uniform quality on uniform satisfaction and on selecting an airline. To do that, uniform components were first classified into three factors esthetics, functionality, and symbolization. Then the differences of respondents'perception were tested according to the demographics of respondents. Finally the causal relationships among three uniform components, uniform satisfaction and select airline were examined. For the empirical study, the questionnaire data were collected from college and university student studying cabin crew service. The result of this study showed that the perceptions of students who study cabin crew service were significant on according some demographics information, esthetics, functionality and symbolization factors affecting uniform satisfaction, which had the positive effect on selecting an airline. These results suggested practical implications for cabin crew's uniform. These result include important managerial implications for the airlines. Also there was some limitation on a hypothesis of study and the further study were needed.

Geographical research trends on tourism resources (觀光資源에 대한 地리的 硏究動向)

  • ;;Kwon, Yongwoo;Kim, Sunhee
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.202-215
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    • 1994
  • This research aims to introduce the theoretical basis of the studies of tourism resources, by review the research trends of tourism resources in the geography field. The geographical approaches to tourism resouces can be subdicided into 3 categories according to the subject. First, the classification of tourism resource types and the approach on the spatial distribution may be enumerated. This subject has been the object of the most interest and discussion to the geographers for tourism up to now. And from the viewpoint of contents, it has been developed by classifying the types of tourism resoures, which is based on the establishment of the range and standard of tourism resources and the spatial classification of types based on the distribution feature of the area. Second, the approach about cognition, preference and interpretation on the tourism resources as the background to induce tourism phenomenon and decide the tourism destination. Judging from the fact that most of this subject is starting from the behavioural study and that the right understanding and interpretation of tourism resource is the important factor to decide the preference degree of tourists, we have to have much interest about the field of tourism geoaraphy. Third, the development of tourism resources which is showing the active study recently and its influence and effect attendant upon it may be enumerated. Today, as the economic value of tourism is become important internationally, tourism resources are recognized as the important factor to induce the industrialization of tourism. And in the series of analytical studies related to it the interest has been transferred from the economic benefit analysis attendant upon tourism development including tourism resource and to the cultural, educational, environmental and psychological influence, etc. As the result of composite examination, for the geographical studies about tourism resources, the spatial scale and the contents are being subdivided and specialized. And in the side of subject and method of study, it is developing into the positive study based on the concrete data and the measuring and analytical frame.

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A study on Dohoe towns Kyonggi Province of the late Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮後期 京畿地方의 都會硏究)

  • ;Jang, Seung Il
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.183-200
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    • 1994
  • This research aims to introduce the theoretical basis of the studies of tourism resources, by review the research trends of tourism resources in the geography field. The geographical approaches to tourism resouces can be subdicided into 3 categories according to the subject. First, the classification of tourism resource types and the approach on the spatial distribution may be enumerated. This subject has been the object of the most interest and discussion to the geographers for tourism up to now. And from the viewpoint of contents, it has been developed by classifying the types of tourism resoures, which is based on the establishment of the range and standard of tourism resources and the spatial classification of types based on the distribution feature of the area. Second, the approach about cognition, preference and interpretation on the tourism resources as the background to induce tourism phenomenon and decide the tourism destination. Judging from the fact that most of this subject is starting from the behavioural study and that the right understanding and interpretation of tourism resource is the important factor to decide the preference degree of tourists, we have to have much interest about the field of tourism geoaraphy. Third, the development of tourism resources which is showing the active study recently and its influence and effect attendant upon it may be enumerated. Today, as the economic value of tourism is become important internationally, tourism resources are recognized as the important factor to induce the industrialization of tourism. And in the series of analytical studies related to it the interest has been transferred from the economic benefit analysis attendant upon tourism development including tourism resource and to the cultural, educational, environmental and psychological influence, etc. As the result of composite examination, for the geographical studies about tourism resources, the spatial scale and the contents are being subdivided and specialized. And in the side of subject and method of study, it is developing into the positive study based on the concrete data and the measuring and analytical frame.

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An Investigation on the self-consciousness Symptoms of the Clerical Workers attendant upon Office Automation (사무 자동화에 따른 사무직 근로자의 건강과 연관된 자각 증상에 대한 조사연구)

  • Jung, Mi Wha
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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    • v.3
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    • pp.54-70
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    • 1993
  • According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.

    . In conclusion, the self-consciousness symptoms of the subjects to use OA apparatus appeared differently, according to sex distiction, skillfull degree of OA apparatus, use hours of OA apparatus, the rest hours during th use of OA apparatus, and the satiafaction degree of persent business. Therefore, it is necessary that the nurse in the inuctry field must recognize to receive the education about the human technological physical condition which is most proper for te use of OA apparatus and about the proper rest method until they get accustomed to the use of OA apparatus. In addition, the simple exercise relax the tention of muscle due to the repetitive simple movement, and the education for the protection of eyesight are necessary.

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  • Reconstruction of Large Skull Defect Using Right-Angled Zigzag Osteotomy (직각 Z-절골술을 이용한 거대 두개골 결손의 재건)

    • Lee, Kiyoung;Paik, Hye Won;Byeon, Jun Hee
      • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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      • v.34 no.5
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      • pp.667-670
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      • 2007
    • Purpose: Among the materials for cranioplasty, autogenous bone is ideal because it is less susceptible to infection and has lower rates of subsequent exposure. However, the procedure is technically demanding to perform and requires a donor site. Disadvantages further exist when the defect is large and there are attendant limitations in donor site. The authors present their experience with reconstruction of large skull defect using right-angled zigzag osteotomized outer table of autogenous calvarial bone, overcoming the limitation in donor site. Methods: From 2000 to 2006, 9 patients were retrospectively reviewed, who had undergone reconstruction with right angled zigzag osteotomized outer table of autogenous calvarial bone. Results: Aesthetically satisfactory skull shape was achieved. Major complications of infection, hematoma, plate exposure, and donor site complications of dural tear with bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and meningitis were not seen. One patient had delayed wound healing and was successfully managed conservatively. Conclusion: Autogenous bone is the material of choice for cranioplasty, especially in complicated cases. Right angled zigzag osteotomy is a useful method in reconstruction of large skull defects with less donor site morbidity.

    The Change of Bone Mineral Density by Bisphosphonates Therapy with Calcium-Antagonists in Osteoporosis

    • Kim, Soon-Joo;La, Hyen-Oh;Kang, Young-Sook
      • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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      • v.16 no.2
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      • pp.141-146
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      • 2008
    • Imbalance in calcium and phosphorous metabolism due to aging or menopause leads to osteoporosis. In contrast to patients with normal blood pressure, hypertensive patients have a higher loss of calcium in the urine with its attendant risk of osteoporosis. The high blood pressure is associated with the risk of bone loss and abnormalities in calcium metabolism leading to calcium loss. So we retrospectively investigated the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) which drugs can have clinical influences over osteoporosis treatments of patients with calcium-antagonists as common antihypertensive drugs and with bisphosphonates which causes a most effective inhibition of osteoclasts resorption. As a result over 70 years of age group and within bisphosphonates group, alendronate 70 mg once-weekly group showed significant increase of BMD in lumbar area. Combination group of cilnidipine and $maxmarvil^{(R)}$ showed very significant decrease of BMD. In conclusion, it is desirable that combination therapy with calcium-antagonists is used carefully in the treatment of osteoporosis with high blood pressure.

    Household dietary practices and family nutritional status in rural Ghana

    • Nti, Christina A.
      • Nutrition Research and Practice
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      • v.2 no.1
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      • pp.35-40
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      • 2008
    • A cross-sectional study involving 400 mothers was conducted in the Manya Krobo district of Ghana with the objective of studying household dietary practices, quality of diets and family nutritional status of rural Ghana, A combination of methods, including structured interviews using questionnaire, dietary assessments and anthropometry was used to collect data for the study. The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 10 in Windows. Means and standard deviations were generated for continuous variables and frequency distribution for categorical variables. Most women consumed meals three times a day but only a few (12.5%) cooked all three meals at home. Breakfast and lunch were the two main meals purchased from food vendors. The most frequently consumed food items on daily basis were the starchy staples, maize, fish, pepper, onion, tomato and palm fruits. The nutritional qualities of diets were poor in terms of calcium and the B-vitamins. A significant proportion of the women were nutritionally at risk of being either underweight (12%), overweight (17%) or obese (5%). For adequate nutrition in this population, nutrition education intervention programs aimed at improving nutrient intake through improved diet diversity and increased use of local foods rich in calcium and the B-vitamins needs to be undertaken. There is also the need to intensify education on excessive weight gain and its attendant health problems in the area.

    A Reliability Analysis on FDS Pyrolysis Model through Comparing the Room-Corner (ISO 9705) Test (룸 코너 콘 칼로리미터 시험(ISO 9705)과 비교를 통한 FDS 열분해 모델의 신뢰성 분석)

    • Yang, Sung-Jin;Lee, Chang-Deok;Oh, Ji-Eun;Kang, Chan-Yong;Kim, Hag-Beom;Lee, Duck-Hee
      • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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      • 2011.05a
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      • pp.585-593
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      • 2011
    • Actual fire test under a laboratory and fire simulation by using computer are considered into main methodology in order to estimate and predict fire size of railway train. Even if practical fire size could be obtained from the full-model railway car test such as a large scale cone-calorimeter test, it is not always possible and realistic due to that expensive cost and attendant dangers could in no way be negligible. In this point of view, fire simulation analysis method based on the computational fluid dynamics could be proposed as an alternative and it seems to be also efficient and reasonable. However, simulation results have to be verified and validated in accordance with the proper procedure including comparing analysis with the actual fire test. In this paper, fire load and growth aspect was investigated through the room corner test (ISO 9705) for the mock-up model of the actual railway car. Then, it was compared with the output data derived from the simulation by using Pyrolysis Model of the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator, by NIST) for the exact same domain and condition corresponding with pre-performed room-corner test. This preliminary verified and validated fire modeling method could enhance the reliability of output data derived from the fire simulation under the similar domain and condition.

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    A Study on the Royal Evening Party Feast Dishes in Jinchan Euique(1887) (진찬의궤를 통하여 본 1887년 조선왕조 궁중 진찬연 중 만경전 야진찬의 상차림에 대한 고찰)

    • 김상보;이성우;박혜원;한복진;황혜성;한복진
      • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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      • v.1 no.2
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      • pp.175-183
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      • 1991
    • To examine the Royal evening party in the Man Kyoung Jeon, the authors studied“Jin Chan Eui Gue”, which is a historical record published in 1887(King Go-Jong) The results obtained from the study were as follows. 1. The dining tables were divided into two : fixed arranging tables(7) and taking-away tables. 2. There were no distribution of food and flowers to the attendants in the evening party. 3. Tables used in the evening party were all round tables. 4. According to the status or class of the attendant, the pattern or size of table settings were differentiated in the kinds of food, hights of food, flowers china ware etc. 5. All of the arrangements in the evening party were the same as those of the main party. 6. In the arrangements of tables for the King's Grand Mother, the hights of food on the dishes were as following levels, 1 dish : 9 chon(촌) 7 dishes : 7 chon(촌) 4 dishes : 6 chon(촌) 3 dishes : 5 chon(촌)

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    IoT-based Guerrilla Sensor with Mobile Web for Risk Reduction

    • Chang, Ki Tae;Lee, Jin Duk
      • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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      • v.36 no.3
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      • pp.177-184
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      • 2018
    • In case that limited resources can be mobilized, non-structural countermeasures such as 'monitoring using Information and Communication Technology might be one of solutions to mitigate disaster risks. Having established the monitoring system, operational and maintenance costs to maximize the effectiveness might trouble the authority concerned or duty attendant who is in charge. In this respect, "Guerrilla Sensor" would be very cost effective because of the inherent mobility characteristic. The sensor device with the IRIS camera and GPS (Global Positioning System) equipped, is basically battery-operated and communicates with WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access). It has a strong advantage of capabilities for 'Disaster Response' with immediate and prompt action on the spot, making the best use of IoT (Internet of Things), especially with the mobile web. This paper will explain how the sensor system works in real-time GIS (Geographic Information System) pinpointing the exact location of the abnormal movement/ground displacement and notifying the registered users via SMS (Short Message Service). Real time monitoring with early warning and evaluation of current situations with LBS (Location Based Service), live image and data information can help to reduce the disaster impact. Installation of Guerrilla sensor for a real site application at Gimcheon, South Korea is also reported.


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