• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.9-36
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment. Thus, this study is expressed by using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice which have histological and clinical similarities to that of humans have been used. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology, serum total IgE and IgG1 of the mouse was evaluated, and cytokine levels, total number of the cells, immunohistochemical staining, histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), and a dorsal skin tissue of the mouse were analyzed. Results Oral administration of JUJSTK and concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ lowered the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, and serum total of IgE & IgG1, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17. In addition, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of $CD3e^+$ T cell, $CD4^+$ Th cell, $CD8^+$ c/sT cell, $CD3^+CCR3^+$ cell, $CCR3^+$ cell, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CXCR5^+$ in ALN, PBMCs, absolute cell number of $CCR3^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ in dorsal skin tissue, Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue and gene expression of IL-5 mRNA, IL-13 mRNA in ALN were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis infiltrated inflammatory immune cell & mast cell in dermis, histological infiltration of mast cell, the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells & plasma cells in ALN and histological infiltration of $CD4^+$ & $CCR3^+$ in ALN and dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased as well. Conclusions Concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivoexperiment by using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective as an atopic dermatitis treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.119-131
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• 2015

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic and erythematous skin lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suppressive effects of Lonicerae Flos, Forsythiae Fluctus and Hwangryunhaedok Decoction Pharmacopuncture on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Methods : The Atopic Dermatitis was induced by biostir AD on the mice's back skin. Experimental groups were divided into three including LFP(Lonicerae Flos Pharmacopuncture, EtOH extract), FFP(Forsythiae Fluctus Pharmacopuncture, EtOH extract) and HHP(Hwangryunhaedok Decoction Pharmacopuncture, Hydrodistillation extract). Every second day, the mice of three groups were treated with $0.1m{\ell}$ of pharmacopuncture using a syringe at right and left acupoints ($BL_{13}$), alternatively. On the control group, normal saline was used instead of pharmacopuncture. Subsequently optical observation with a handscope, a clinical skin score, Tissue(general/immune) mast cell, Serum IgE level, Serum histamine level, and Serum lymphokine(IL-2, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}{\gamma}$) were measured. Results : FFP and HHP decreased the clinical skin score, the total cell number of mast cells, and the Serum total IgE level and Serum histamine level. In Serum lymphokine levels, all groups were decreased to the IL-4 level, LFP and FFP were increased to the IL-2 level, and LFP was increased to the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level. Conclusions : From the above results, Forsythiae Fluctus Pharmacopuncture (EtOH extract) and Hwangryunhaedok Decoction Pharmacopuncture (Hydrodistillation extract) exerted anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a promising agent for improving atopic dermatitis related symptoms.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Objectives Hataedock (HTD) is an oral Korean herbal medical oral treatment that removes fetal toxic heat and meconium from new born babies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether Hataedock treatment of Duchi extracts has anti-inflammation effects in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in House Dust Mite-Induced NC/Nga Mice. Methods The mice were divided into 3 groups (n=10 per group) as follows: the control group (Ctrl group), AD-induced group (AE group), AD-induced with HTD treatment group (DT group). 3-week-old NC/Nga mice were introduced to Hataedock treatment, made of Duchi extract. After 4 weeks, House Dust Mite-Induced application was used six times per week for 3 weeks to induce the first atopic dermatitis, and second AD in 7 weeks after. To examine skin injuries and anti-inflammatory effect, PKC, MMP-9, iNOS immunohistochemistry were used. Results The alleviate effect of the skin damage and angiogenesis was observed in DT group. The damage of stratum corneum, hyperplasia, edema, infiltration of lymphocytes and distribution of capillary were decreased in DT group. Also, the study results suggested that Hataedock treatment made of Duchi extracts in DT group remarkably decreased skin damages by 51% (p < 0.001), as well as PKC by 91%, MMP-9 by 48% (p < 0.001), iNOS by 51% (p < 0.001). Conclusions Based on the study results, we observed that Hataedock treatment of Duchi extracts alleviates AD by diminishing various inflammatory cytokines, initial steps of AD development, in the skin lesions. Potential applications for prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis are expected.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.138-153
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• 2010

Purposes : The object of present study is to detect the Effects of Snail Secretion Filtrate and Hyaluronic acid on the skin barrier's recovery of the Atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 20 patients who visited Semyung Hanny Oriental Medical Center from september 1st, 2009 to August 31th, 2010 were included in this study. In this study, they were treated with Snail Secretion Filtrate(experimental group) and Hyaluronic acid(control group). For 4 weeks gross examination, hematological examination and instrumentation through skin-ANBT equipment were made before and after the experiments to see how well the products for experimental group act against those for control group in recovering the damaged skin barriers by Atopic dermatitis. Results : 1. In the primary endpoint, SCORAD Index showed a statistically significant decline in both the control group and the experimental group. However, the experimental group showed greater statistical significance than the control group. 2. In the secondary endpoint index of skin hydration, both the control group and the experimental group did not show a statistically significant increase. However, the degree of skin hydration in the experimental group is greater than in the control group. 3. In global assessment of efficacy, it was higher in the experimental group than in the control group for both the subjects and the researchers. 4. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, hematological examination and hematological biochemical examination were conducted; both the control group and the experimental group showed no abnormal level. Therefore, the safety of the products, if used for so long a time, proved to be safe for the human body. 5. Product satisfaction was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions : According to above experiments, Snail Secretion Filtrate was effective on the Atopic dermatitis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Polygonum tinctoria Niram (PTN) on atopic dermatitis (AD) in BALB/c mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). They were divided into four groups; Control, DNCB, DNCB+1%PTN (1% PTN extract) and DNCB+5%PTN (5% PTN extract), for evaluating the change of appearance of skin surface, skin hydration, thickness of epidermis and mast cell numbers during 4 weeks. PTN suppressed symptoms of AD in appearance of skin and increased skin hydration for DNCB+1%PTN and DNCB+5%PTN. Treatment with PTN significantly decreased the levels of eosinophils. In histopathological examination, DNCB+1%PTN and DNCB+5%PTN significantly reduced the thickness of epidermis and number of mast cell in dermis. These results suggested that the PTN improved symptoms of AD in BALB/c mice.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-101
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was the collection of dietary and external treatments of atopic dermatitis and it's classification according to physical type. Methods : The author conducted a literature and Internet search in data. Results : We collected the generally used dietary and external treatments. These collected treatments are classified according to the following oriental medical categories; thermic and wet skin type, thermic and dry skin type, chill and wet skin type and chill and dry skin type. conclusion : Wemust use these treatments pertinently according to physical type.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea were complicated by barrier abrogation and deficiency in innate immunity. The first defender of epidermal innate immune response is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The deficiency of these AMPs in the skin of AD fails to protect our body against virulent pathogen infections. In contrast to AD where there is a suppression of AMPs, rosacea is characterized by overexpression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), the products of which result in chronic epidermal inflammation. In this regard, AMP generation that is controlled by a key ceramide metabolite S1P-dependent mechanism could be considered as alternate therapeutic approaches to treat these skin disorders, i.e., Increased S1P levels strongly stimulated the CAMP expression which elevated the antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens resulting the improved AD patient skin.

• CELLMED
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7.1-7.4
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated an inhibitory effect of AST cream on atopic dermatitis (AD) using a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD murine model. Topical treatment with AST cream ameliorated the severity of AD-like lesional skin through decreases in infiltration of inflammatory cells and time of scratching behaviors. Also, AST cream reduced histamine and IgE levels in serum. The protein levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in AD-like lesional skin were suppressed by AST cream. These findings suggest that AST cream would be an alternative therapeutic agent for AD-like skin diseases.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-30
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• 2016

Objectives Previous studies have found out that Forsythiae Fructus (FF) extracts have anti-atopic activities by in vitro experiment. In order to understand more about FF extracts' benefit, we subdivided FF extracts depending on systematic fractionation method by using Methylene chloride (MC), Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH and n-hexane (n-Hx). This study is designed to examine the effect of FF fractions on the PMA- ionomycin-induced activation of RBL-2H3 mast cell lines in vitro and on the DNCB-induced activation of NC/Nga mice in vivo. Methods For this study, we examined IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA analysis, IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression by real-time PCR and manifestations of AP-1 and MAPKs transcription factors by western blotting in vitro. Through in vitro experiment, we selected FF n-BuOH fraction that seems the best effective in atopic dermatitis then induced it on NC/Nga mice by DNCB. We measured mice's WBC, eosinophil and neutrophil in heart blood, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-${\gamma}$ in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, the absolute cell numbers of CD4+, CD8+, B220+CD23+, CD3+CD69+ and Gr-1+CD11b+ in the PBMCs, ALN and dorsal skin, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA in the dorsal skin by real-time PCR and the distribution of immune cells by H&E on dorsal skin and ANL and toluidine blue staining on dorsal skin. Results FF n-BuOH fraction suppressed IL-4, IL-13 production and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA and TNF-${\alpha}$. Results from the western blot analysis showed that FF n-BuOH fraction reduced the activation of the mast cell specific transduction factors involved in AP-1 by suppressing JNK and ERK phosphorylation. In the gross, atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice were improved by oral administration of FF n-BuOH fraction. Oral FF n-BuOH fraction also decreased the level of IgE in mice's serum and the level of IL-4 and IL-5 in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, cell numbers of CD8+, B220+CD23+ in the PBMCs, CD4+ in the ALN and CD4+, Gr-1+CD11b+ in the dorsal skin and suppressed mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA in the dorsal skin. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in atopic dermatitis induced NC/Nga mice were improved by FF n-BuOH fraction. Conclusions FF n-BuOH fraction can reduce pruritus by suppressing IL-31, IL-31RA secretion and modulate molecular mediators and immune cells associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mice which may have played a significant role in recovering atopic dermatitis symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2009

We have produced, characterized and compared different colloidal vehicles based on nanoemulsions. We also have investigated morphology and droplet distribution by means of electron microscope and photon correlation spectroscopy. Nanoemulsion systems characterized by different method on formulations have been obtained. Hydration power has been studied by means of a corneometer, measuring the skin electrical capacitance before and after the application of various type of skin lotions. It has been demonstrated that nanoemulsion with oil or fatty alcohol displayed a pronounced hydration power with respect to the solubilization system. In order to compare the smoothness of the skin after using skin lotion, we have measured the friction force. The skin lotions produced by nanoemulsion technique show improved smoothness of an atopic skin.