• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.760-771
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• 2000

The main objective of this study were to develop the scale for measuring service quality and to identify the differences of service quality among apparel store types(department store, fashion specialty store and national brand independent store). Data were collected from 463 subjects who finished their shopping with a self-administered questionnaire. The results were as follows; 1. As a result of factor analysis, seven dimensions were identified for service quality: VMD, store atmosphere, pleasant enviornment, product assortment, store policy, salesperson's assurance, and salesperson's responsiveness dimensions. The first five dimensions and the last two dimensions were corresponded to store service and sales service respectively. Those dimensions explained 56.56% of service quality. Especially the salesperson's assurance had the most explaining power. 2. The fashion specially store was evaluated as the highest in five dimensions of store service, whereas the department store was evaluated as the lowest in the pleasant environment dimension. 3. Store policy, salesperson's assurance, store atmosphere, and VMD dimensions explained 38% of store satisfaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-382
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• 2009

The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of store attribute satisfaction on intentions of revisit and recommendation among clothing consumers. The data were collected from 319 consumers through survey and frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to obtain results. The findings were as follows: 1. From factor analysis, seven factors were distracted: Fact 1(brand and price), Fact 2(store's facility and environment), Fact 3(product), Fact 4(transportation convenience and access), Fact 5(selling and advertisement), Fact 6(store's atmosphere), and Fact 7(salesman's service). 2. Four factors had statistically significant influence on overall satisfaction of clothing consumers. The most influential factor was Fact 2(store's facility and environment) and Fact 5(selling and advertisement), Fact 1(brand and price), and Fact 4(transportation convenience and access) showed their effects on overall satisfaction in an hierarchical rank-order following Fact 2. 3. Four factors such as Fact 2(store's facility and environment), Fact 1(brand and price), Fact 4(transportation convenience and access) and Fact 5(selling and advertisement) in an hierarchical rank-order from Fact 1 had statistically significant impact on intentions of revisit. 4. Six factors such as Fact 1(brand and price), Fact 2(store's facility and environment), Fact 3(product), Fact 5(selling and advertisement), Fact 6(store's atmosphere), and Fact 7(salesman's service) in an hierarchical rank-order from Fact 1 had statistically significant influence on the intention of recommendation. 5. The results further showed that among seven factors, Fact 1(brand and price), 'Fact 2(store's facility and environment), and Fact 5(selling and advertisement) had impact on both the intention of revisit and the intention of recommendation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2014

This study examines the effects of store environment on consumer commitment to department stores and the differences among department stores. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on existing scales in the literature and the result of qualitative research. The survey was conducted on 500 female consumers in their 20s to 40s in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi areas in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis via SPSS Win 16.0. The results were as follows: First, three department stores revealed statistically significant differences in the diversity of facilities, store atmosphere, locational convenience and policy. Second, affective commitment to department stores was affected by salesperson service, policy, diversity of facilities, product assortment, store atmosphere and locational convenience. Calculative commitment in department stores was affected by policy, diversity of facilities, store atmosphere and locational convenience. There were also significant differences on store environmental factors that influence affective commitment and calculative commitment among department stores.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.8 s.145
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• pp.1196-1206
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference on the consumer's cognitive response, emotional and behavioral response in regard of the in-store shopping environment according to their apparel shopping orientation. The subjects of this study were consumers who finished shopping in the stores, and 300 questionnaires were completed. Data collected in this survey were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan test as a post identification. The results were as follows; 1. A significant difference was found on cognitive responses in regard of the in-store environment, such as a store atmosphere, salespeople, the assortment of products, and the fashion of products, according to types of apparel shopping orientation. The hedonic shopping type tended to have the higher evaluation toward a store atmosphere and salespeople than did other types. 2. Results showed statistically significant differences on emotional responses such as the outward/inward pleasure and outward/inward displeasure of the in-store shopping environment according to apparel shopping orientation types. The outward pleasure was found most highly in the high involvement shopping type. 3. There were significant differences on behavioral responses of the in-store shopping environment, such as the shopping satisfaction, the store revisit intention, recommending to others, and the unexpected consumption, according to apparel shopping orientation types.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.122-125
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• 2005

The results analyzing the interior space of optician's store for application of VMD are as follows. The optician's stores tend to utilize their space not just for one function, but for multiple purposes. It is becoming bigger in size and is showing that it is spending more space for marketing purposes. In the future, optical store needs to provide convenience for the customers and as a Semi-Medical space, in order to receive trust, it needs to have Test-area, Work-area, improvement in environment, and of course, a comfortable space where the customers can sit back and relax. Taking a look at the features of design, the colors and the use of materials in domestic areas has been somewhat restricted. But international areas has been using diverse colors and materials for bright and comfortable atmosphere. Now, the optician's stores has to produce various atmosphere through different and brilliant colors and materials from other stores to be more efficient and to be highly competitive.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-102
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• 2006

The importance of the environment in the store is embossed, this is demanded to manage the store environment from the dimension of image improve and customer contacted satisfaction measurement followed with the influence on the store choice criteria. Retail store's managers improve the retailing results by forming the appropriate store environment and giving the customers a pleasant and satisfied purchasing environment to improve the store atmosphere. The expected customer who looks for their store can plant a thesis existing reason of their own store definitely and strongly in theheart of manger and employee. And also, among the store differentiation, the weight of physical environment placed is becoming large day by day, and now can make full use of the competition superiority measure different with the store. This paper will actually analysis that what kind of influence the store environment factors exert on the store choice criteria, and also if the store choice criteria exerts influence on the store value and patronage intention.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 2017

In today's highly unpredictable marketing environment, where the consumer demands and behaviors are continuously and rapidly changing therefore various factors of consumer impulse buying behavior are proving to be challenging for the existing and new business organizations. Shopping has become a relaxing and rejoicing activity for the consumers making impulsive buying as a socially acceptable and common practice. So by taking into account all these aspects, the objective of this study was to understand the factors affecting impulse buying behavior of the consumer. Store atmosphere and fashion involvement were selected as independent variables while consumer impulse buying behavior was taken as dependent variable for this study. Likewise, impulse buying behavior of consumers with different monthly household income was also analyzed in this study. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 250 respondents of district Faisalabad, and then it was analyzed by using various statistical techniques. The results indicated a significant positive impact of store atmosphere and fashion involvement on consumer impulse buying behavior. The study also revealed that among consumer groups with different household incomes; at least one group differed from others in impulse buying behavior. These results were consistent with previous literature. These results could provide information to the marketers and retailers for planning and execution of various marketing techniques. Moreover, educators could expand on the findings by developing new studies examining consumer impulse buying behavior.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2017

Purpose - Pleasing ambient colors, music, scent, layout and salespeople are hypothesized to positively impact shoppers' perceptions about the atmosphere of a store. Few studies on the interactive effect of these atmospheric factors have earlier been undertaken. This paper looks at the interactive effect of color on the other predictor variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is from field locations in the shopping malls located in Delhi NCR. A descriptive study was undertaken to decipher the interactive effect of color with music, scent, layout and salespeople. Moderation of color on music, scent, layout and salespeople is regressed on store atmospherics. The authors investigate the effects of color, light, music, scent, layout and salespeople on store atmospherics in a retail context. They also study the interactive effect of color with predictor variables which significantly influence the perception of store atmospherics. Results - The paper reveals that music, scent, layout and salespeople influence customer's perception about store atmospherics. The interactive effect of color with scent, layout and sales people influence customer's perception about store atmospherics significantly. It does not moderate with layout and music. Conclusions - Store color is important in predicting store atmospherics. Care is needed to ensure that the effects of different environmental stimuli match.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the image dimensions of apparel stores according to how the consumers rate the importance of store attributes; (2) to classify the apparel stores in Seoul, Korea according to consumers' perception of the image attributes of their preferred store; (3) to develop a positioning map of the apparel stores according to their salient image dimensions; and (4) to classify the female adults in Seoul according to the criteria of their preferred store and to describe the characteristics of target customers according to storetype. 'A questionnaire was developed to measure store patronage, perceived importance of the store image attributes, perception of the store image attributes for the respondent's most frequently patronized store, and demographic information. Data from 520 female adults living in Seoul were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. The image dimensions of fashion stores were product quality, shopping convenience, location, promotion, atmosphere, product information, design characteristics and price. 2. The apparel stores in Seoul were classified into five groups by the perception of store image, which were labeled as national chain store, designer store, specialty store, wholesale store and independent store, according to their discriminant characteristics. 3. According to the positioning map, product quality and location convenience were identified as the most important apparel store type patronage criteria. 4. The female adult group divided by store preference indicated significant differences in the perceived importance of store attributes. Each group showed multi-store patronage.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.127-131
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• 2019

Purpose - This study focuses on clues that can clearly amplify the effects of background music. Review which store environments have a direct and positive impact on consumer responses, such as purchases. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focuses on clues that can clearly amplify the effects of background music. The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of store environment, combined with background music, has a direct and positive effect on consumer reactions such as purchase, and suggest future research directions. Results - The manager decides to use background music in the store because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to identify the emotional response of the consumer. In addition, appropriate background music lowers the psychological purchasing barriers of consumers. Previous studies have often not conducted a basic review of whether consumers perceive background music when it is used in retail stores. For example, it is necessary to make sure that the volume of the background music is loud enough and that the noise is properly excluded despite the congestion of the store so that the pure influence of the background music on the consumer can be measured. A way for store managers to clarify and differentiate their identity is to create a unique and satisfying store atmosphere for their customers. In order to help customers focus on their purchases, store managers must use marketing elements to integrate the five senses. And they should plan background music aiming at synergy effect of these five senses. In other words, in order to make the store atmosphere positive, it is not enough to have a suitable visual design interior or background music in the store, and consumers should have the opportunity to smell, taste and touch it directly. Conclusions - In conclusion, we hope that the following issues will be studied by several scholars in the future. It should be clarified that the impact of background music on customers varies depending on the customer's movement in the store, the selection of the background music genre order, and the timing (interval) of background music exposure to the customer.