• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05d
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• pp.72-76
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• 2003

The $Sr_{0.7}Bi_{2.6}Ta_2O_9$(SBT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode(Pt/$TiO_2/SiO_2$/Si) using RF magnetron sputtering method. The structural and electrical properties of SBT capacitors were influenced with annealing atmosphere. In the XRD pattern, the SBT thin films in all annealed atmosphere had (105) orientation. In the SEM images, Bi-layered perovskite phase was crystallized in all annealing atmosphere and grains largely grew in oxygen annealing atmosphere. The maximum remanent polarization and the coercive electric field in oxygen annealing atmosphere are $12.40[{\mu}C/cm^2]$ and 30[kV/cm] respectively. The fatigue characteristics of SBT capacitors did not change up to $10^{10}$ switching cycles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.589-592
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• 2002

The $Sr_{0.7}Bi_{2.3}Ta_2O_9$(SBT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode(Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si) using RF magnetron sputtering method. The structural and electric properties of SBT capacitors were influenced with annealing atmosphere. In the XRD pattern, the SBT thin films in all annealing atmosphere had (105) orientation. In the SEM images, Bi-layered perovskite phase was crystallized in all annealing atmosphere and grains largely grew in oxygen annealing atmosphere. The maximum remanent polarization and the coercive electric field in oxygen annealing atmosphere are $12.40{\mu}C/cm^2$ and 48kV/cm respectively. The dielectric constant and leakage current density annealing in oxygen atmosphere are 340 and $6.81{\times}10^{-10}A/cm^2$ respectively. The fatigue characteristics of SBT capacitors did not change up to $10^{10}$ switching cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.414-428
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• 1996

This study intends to ascertain the importance of store atmosphere when construcing store marketing strategies for store differentiation. And it is studied by classifying consumer groups according to clothing shopping motivations, comparing store atmosphere assessment and emotion response of preferred stores, and analyzing the influence store atmosphere has on store preference or impulsive purchase. The subject of this study are women in their twenties living in Seoul, 255 career women and 233 college students totaling 458, and model sampling is done by convenient sampling taking into account the type of their occupation and major. Modified survey based on references and former studies is used, and using SAS packages, methods. The results of data analysis are as follows. 1. Consumer groups are classified into the following four subdivisions: shopping involvement, leisure pursuit, financial, and shopping unconcern group. The stores women in twenties use most frequently for shopping are department stores, speciality stores, common market, discount stores, and wholesale markets, and significant difference are shown between consumer groups. 2. Consumer responses for store atmosphere preferences are shown significantly among groups when concerned with store preferences. 3. Images of store atmosphere as factor analyzed into environment factor, kindness factor, and decoration factor, Environment factor is most highly estimated in speciality stores, kindness factor in department stores, and decoration factor in common markets. 4. Leisure pursuit group is assessed to be most influenced by store atmosphere in store seleciton, impulsive purchase, and after-purchase shopping behavior, and impulsive purchase is shown highly in department stores and speciality stores.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

The microstructure and mechanical property of hot-pressed $Al_2O_3/Cu$ composites with a different temperature for atmosphere changing from H$_{2}$ to Ar have been studied. When atmosphere-changed from H$_{2}$ to Ar gas at 145$0^{\circ}C$, the hot-pressed composite was characterized by inhomogeneous microstructure and low fracture strength. On the contrary, when atmosphere-changed at low temperature of 110$0^{\circ}C$ the composite showed more homogeneous microstructure, higher fracture strength and smaller deviation in strength. Based on the thermodynamic consideration and microstructural analysis, it was interpreted that the Cu wetting behavior relating to the formation of CuAlO$_{2}$ is probably responsible for strong dependence of microstructure on atmosphere changing temperature. The reason for a strong sensitivity of fracture strength and especially of its deviation to atmosphere changing temperature was explained by the microstructural inhomogeneity and by the role of CuAlO$_{2}$ phase on the interfacial bonding strength.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out week and strong aspects in LEED categories based on achieved scores earned by LEED-HC(Healthcare) v.2009. Methods: The LEED-HC scorecards of 88 healthcare projects are analyzed. The analysis are focused on relationship between achieved scores, LEED categories and achieved levels. This relationship was presented by graphs and charts. Results: 1) Compare to LEED-NC, in LEED-HC, sub-categories related to public health are added. The scores are added in Energy Atmosphere and Indoor Environmental Quality. 2) Achieve scores in Sustainable Site are high and one in Energy Atmosphere and Indoor Environmental Quality are low at all levels. 3) Scores which was lost in Energy Atmosphere are recovered in Material Resource and Sustainable Site in order to keep its level. 4) Since most of scores in Energy Atmosphere are under EAc1 Optimize energy performance sub-categories, it is important to achieve more score in Optimize Energy Performance Sub-Categories to gain a higher level. Even if LEED-HC has more score in Energy Atmosphere, this is a hard to achieve scores in that categories. It is important to review Energy Atmosphere categories and its points for improvement. Implications: This study will provide basic database in order to establish Korean green building rating system for hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 1997

The effects of sintering atmospheres(air, O2, N2) on the sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 system was investigated. The sintered density of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 under air atmosphere increased linearly with increasing x, but it decreased in the range of x>0.5 under O2 atmosphere and x>0.6 under N2 atmosphere in spite of the increament of the smaller La(1.06$\AA$) and Al(0.5 $\AA$) ion than Ca(0.99$\AA$) and Ti(0.6$\AA$). In case of the air sintering atmosphere of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 the two phases of orthorhombic and rhombohedral crystal system were coexisting, and the XRD peak of rhombohedral crystalsystem was to be higher with increasing x. However, the sintering atmosphere of O2 and N2 made the monophasic crystal system of orthorhombic keep up by x=0.5 and x=0.6, respectively, and it transformed to pseudo-cubic crystal system in x>0.5 and x>0.6. The XRD peak intensity of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 was to be gradually higher with increasing x under the air atmosphere of sintering. Whereas, its XRD peak intensity increased till x=0.6 but decreased with increasing x in the range of x>0.6 under O2 and N2 atmosphere. The relative dielectric constant of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 sintered under air atmosphere decreased linearly and the Q.f0 value increased according as x increased. On the other hand, the relative dielectric constant of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 under O2 and N2 atmosphere decreased in the range of x$\leq$0.5 with increasing x, but increased rapidly in the range of x$\geq$0.6. And the Q.f0 value increased till x=0.6 but decreased in the range of x>0.6 with increasing x. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency had no relation to sintering atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 1978

Influence of cooling atmosphere on the whiteness in white portland cement was studied. The effective composition of gaseous medium of cooling atmosphere is desirable less than 0.5% of $O_2$ and 0.5~1.5% of CO. When theclinker is quenched in nitrogen atmosphere, the color of clinker becomes bright pink. In a weakly reducing gaseous medium or vacuum, the absence of oxygen brings defects in crystal and transformation in the coordination of iron, and as a result, whiteness is raised.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1979

The effects of sintering temperature and sintering atmosphere on magnetic properties and microstructuresof Mn-Zn ferrites have been studied. Mixture of 52.8mole% $Fe_2O_3$, 26.4mole% MnO, 15.1mole0% ZnO and 5.7mole% NiO was prepared, and 0.1mole% CaO, 0.02mole% $SiO_2$ were added as minor additives. After calcining and ball milling the powder was granulated for compacting. The specimens were sintered at $1, 250^{\circ}$, $1, 300^{\circ}$and 1, 35$0^{\circ}C$ in the various atmosphere of $N_2$, $N^_2\DIV0.6% O_2$, $N_2＋2.7% O_2$, $N_2＋4.1% O_2$, $N^2＋8.2% O_2$ and air for 3 hours and cooled in $N_2$ atmosphere. The grian growth rate and densities increase as sintering temperature and oxygen content of atmosphere increase. At the sintering temperature of $1, 250^{\circ}C$ the initial permeabilities increase as oxygen content of atmosphere increase. At the sintering temperature of$ 1, 300^{\circ}$and $1, 350^{\circ}$ the initial permeabilities show maximum values at $N_2＋4.1% O_2$ atmosphere. The secondary peaks of initial permeabilities are observed between 100$^{\circ}$and 20$0^{\circ}C$, and the positions of secondary peaks move to higher temperature as oxygen content of atmosphere increases. Q-factors decrease as sintering temperature increases and oxygen content of atmosphere decreases.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 2015

As architecture is designed for humans to live in based on practicality, what one experiences within such spaces is important. Such experiences are not felt only by appreciating the structure's appearance, but involve physical presence inside the space and the deepening of the individuals relationship with the space through the body's sensory perception. However, in modern times there is a much greater tendency to rely on superficial experiences by way of images or tastes rather than more meaningful human participation, while the standardization of the object universe is gradually erasing the uniqueness of experience. In light of this, the restoration of emotional and sensory spatial experiences through the design of sensory spaces can be regarded as an important task in modern spatial design. This study contemplated the meaning of emotional spatial experiences through a phenomenological understanding of such experiences, and analyzed the meaning and main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere as a phenomenon of spatial experience. In addition, we highlighted the fact that spatial atmosphere can be applied as space design methodology by devising methods of expression through an analysis of actual examples. O.F. Bollnow's space theory and the spatial design of Peter Zumthor were the subjects of this analysis. The spatial atmosphere analyzed using Bullnow's theory is a phenomenon in which both the human and space are connected and the ensuing spatial experience embodies the emotions of both. This spatial atmosphere can be understood as a condition in which the human and space are fused together. Furthermore, coincidental/accidental meeting, mediums using potential objects, reorganization of the center due to autonomous boundaries, as well as the three temporalities were identified as the main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere. Based on this analysis, through the identification of methods of expression for spatial atmosphere in Zumthor's spaces.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2010

The effects of oxidation behavior on the hot ductility of plain carbon steels were investigated at various temperatures in order to simulate the continuous casting process more precisely, in which the process undergoes in air atmosphere rather than Ar atmosphere. The high temperature oxidation behavior and scale morphology of the carbon steels exposed to the air and Ar atmosphere at various temperatures were also investigated in order to assess the mechanism of the RA value decreasing in an air atmosphere. The RA values obtained from the air atmosphere were marked below 45% by the test temperature, except for over 1000${^{\circ}C}$, with the RA values remaining in low values in both the low and high temperature region, at which the RA values generally recovered in the Ar atmosphere. The surface roughness of the specimen was developed by external and internal oxidation when the specimen was deformed in an air atmosphere at high temperature, with the result being the stress concentrated at the roughness of the specimen surface, resulting in low RA values. The hot ductility in the air atmosphere was found to be likely controlled by the oxidation rate instead of the microstructures corresponding to test temperatures.