• 대기
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2020

This study aims to introduce the structure of the impact-based heat health warning system on 165 counties in South Korea developed by the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences. This system was developed using the daily maximum perceived temperature (PTmax), which is a human physiology-based thermal comfort index, and the Local ENSemble prediction system for the probability forecasts. Also, A risk matrix proposed by the World Meteorological Organization was employed for the impact-based forecasts of this system. The threshold value of the risk matrix was separately set depending on regions. In this system, the risk level was issued as four levels (GREEN, YELLOW, ORANGE, RED) for first, second, and third forecast lead-day (LD1, LD2, and LD3). The daily risk level issued by the system was evaluated using emergency heat-related patients obtained at six cities, including Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan, for LD1 to LD3. The high-risks level occurred more consistently in the shorter lead time (LD3 → LD1) and the performance (r_s) was increased from 0.42 (LD3) to 0.45 (LD1) in all cities. Especially, it showed good performance (r_s = 0.51) in July and August, when heat stress is highest in South Korea. From an impact-based forecasting perspective, PTmax is one of the most suitable temperature indicators for issuing the health risk warnings by heat in South Korea.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2019

목적 : 이번 연구는 인수공통감염병의 고위험군인 사슴농가 종사자를 대상으로 라임병의 감염 실태 파악 및 위험요인 분석을 위해 수행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 전국 시 군 지역의 사슴농가를 중심으로 516명에 대해 설문조사 및 혈청검사를 실시하였다. 라임병 진단방법은 IFA(Indirect Immunofluorescence antibody Assay, 간접면역형광항체법)와 IFA검사의 높은 위양성률을 보완하기 위해 ELISA 검사 그리고 Western Blot 법을 이용하였다. 결과 : 전국 사슴농가 종사자 516명의 라임병 최종 혈청 유병률은 2.3%이었으며, 엘크 (Cervus Canadensis)만을 기르는 사슴 농가 종사자의 라임병 혈청유병률이 3.6%로 다른 종류의 사슴을 키우는 사슴 농가 종사자보다 라임병 발병 위험이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p = 0.033). 결론 : 국내 사슴농가 종사자들이 인수공통감염병인 라임병에 노출되어 있음을 확인하였고, 키우는 사슴의 종류나 작업 행태, 보호복 착용 여부 등에 따라 라임병 노출의 가능성이 다름을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.659-675
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• 2014

본 연구는 도식기반교수가 학습부진 또는 학습장애 위험군 학생들의 비와 비례 문장제 문제해결 능력 향상, 일반화와 유지에 도움이 되는가를 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 교수 실험은 기초선 검사, 중재전략교수, 일반화 및 유지검사의 순서로 3명의 중학교 1학년 학생이 본 연구에 참여 하였으며, 문제해결을 위한 중재전략은 FOPS로 이에 기반하여 수업지도안을 작성하여 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 중재 받은 3명의 학생 모두 비와 비례 문장제 문제해결 능력이 향상되었고, 유사한 유형에도 일반화 할 수 있었으며, 2주 후에 실시한 유지검사에서도 문제해결 능력을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용한 도식기반전략의 확장을 위해, 장애 학생들의 특성에 맞는 처방적 학습 전략의 개발과 이들에게 실제적으로 도움을 줄 수 있는 도구가 포함된 교재 개발을 후속연구로 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.586-593
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• 2019

Objective : To study risk factors of secondary lumbar discectomy (LD) for recurrent herniated lumbar disc (HLD) and identify methods to lower the rate of recurrence. Methods : Data from 160 patients who underwent primary LD were collected retrospectively. Demographic features, radiologic findings including Pfirrmann disc degeneration, and surgical information were analyzed to compare risks between revision and non-revision patients. Results : The revision rate was 15% (24 patients), and the mean follow-up was 28.3 months. HLD recurrence was not related to any demographic characteristics. Primary and secondary LD were most common at the L4-5 level, but the level of operation was not significantly associated with revision. Primary LD most commonly had a Pfirrmann disc degeneration grade of 3, followed by 4. For recurrent HLD, Pfirrmann grade 4 was most common and was statistically significant (p<0.05). A body mass index (BMI) over 30 was considered obese and was significantly related with HLD revision (p<0.05). Conclusion : Patients with high BMI or severe disc degeneration should be informed of HLD revision.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.911-921
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• 2008

Learning disabilities (LD) are heterogeneous group of disorders with evidences of genetic or familial trait, intrinsic to the individual and presume to be due to central nervous dysfunction. Learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the two of the most common disorders in the population of school-age children. Typically academic achievements in children with learning disabilities are significantly lower than expected by their normal or above normal range of IQ. Although academic and cognitive deficits are hallmarks of children with LD, those children are also at risk for a broad range of behavioral and emotional problems. Almost all cases meet criteria for at least one additional diagnosis such as ADHD, developmental coordination disorder, depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, tic disorder, among which ADHD is particularly predominant. Because of the response to the therapeutic intervention program is promising and positive when applied early, it is critical to recognize patients as early as possible. Pediatricians often are the first to hear from parents worried about a childs academic progress. It is not the responsibility of pediatrician to make a diagnosis, referring children for a diagnostic evaluation of LD is a reasonable first step. Pediatricians can make early referral of suspicious children by asking some serial short questions about basic and processing skills. With a basic knowledge about the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of LD, pediatricians also can provide primary counseling and education for parents at their outpatient clinical settings.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and job related factors as risk factors for mental health of firefighters. Methods : The data of 202 fire-fighters was analyzed by using a multinomial logistic regression analysis. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires including demographics (sex, age, work duration), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Colleague related traumatic events, the Korean occupational stress scale, the Korean Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were divided into three groups according to the level of stress and depressive symptom scores: Low Stress-Low Depression (LS-LD), High Stress-Low Depression (HS-LD), and High Stress-High Depression (HS-HD). Results : A job related factor-organizational injustice-was a significant factor related to HS-LD, while individual factors such as active coping level and childhood trauma experience and a job related factor-difficult physical environment-were significantly associated with HS-HD. Conclusion : These results imply the need to take both individual and environmental approaches into account when managing the stress and depression of firefighters. More specifically, psycho-education to facilitate active coping strategy and adaptive emotional regulation at the individual level and the improvement of physical work environment of firefighters should be supported.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is the work environment management method through risk assessment and investigation of the work place that deals with Ammonium nitrate, based on information in and outside the country. Methods: This study suggests method of work environment management through risk assessment and investigation of the work place that deals with Ammonium nitrate, and finds out cases of Ammonium nitrate causing hazard, danger and health risk, based on literature investigation. Results: Rats exposed repeatedly to $LD_{50}$ 2,217 mg/kg(rat), $LC_{50}$ 88.8 mg/L(rat, skin) which cause high level of skin irritation, reported 1 $mg/m^3$ of NOAEL, while LOAEL was less than 100 mg/kg for the rats orally administered with the $LD_{50}$ 2,217 mg/kg(rat), $LC_{50}$ 88.8 mg/L(rat, skin), for 13 weeks. Domestically 31,640 ton/y of ammonium nitrate has been used in 22 workplace and the result of workplace assessment was 0.0171-0.9983 $mg/m^3$. ADD was 8.77-59.63 ${\mu}g/kg-day$ according to the exposure scenario. In other words the result of the risk assessment goes beyond the 'standard 1'. Conclusions: Ammonium nitrate creates a high level of irritation and toxicity when coming in breathe it or contact with skin, and is classified as category3 of GHS and specific target organ toxicant (irritating respiratory system). Exposure level at work places needs to be maintained under $1mg/m^3$, to prevent workers from being damaged.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2017

Background Donor site seroma is the most common complication after latissimus dorsi (LD) flap harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in preventing donor site seroma formation after the harvest of an LD flap for breast reconstruction. Methods In this prospective matched-pair study, 40 patients in whom an LD flap was harvested for breast reconstruction were enrolled. NPWT was used in 20 patients, and in a control group composed of another 20 patients, the conventional donor site dressing technique was used. Information was collected regarding postoperative complications, the incidence of seroma, total drainage volume, the number of percutaneous seroma aspirations, and the volume aspirated. Results In the NPWT group, the incidence of seroma formation after drain removal was significantly lower than in the control group (15% vs. 70%; odds ratio=0.07; relative risk, 0.24). Both the mean percutaneous aspirated volume (P =0.004) and the number of percutaneous aspirations (P=0.001) were also significantly lower in the NPWT group. There were no significant differences in the total drainage volume or the duration of wound drainage between the NPWT dressing group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusions This study showed that NPWT is a promising tool for reducing the incidence of seroma formation after removing the drain at the donor site after LD flap harvesting. It is a simple and safe technique.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2167-2172
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• 2013

Lung cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for more deaths than any other cause. All the clinical practice guidelines recommended against routine screening for lung cancer have cited lack of robust evidence, at least until a few years back. However, the potential to screen lung cancers has received renewed interest due to superior performance of low dose CT (LD-CT) in detecting early stage cancers. The incremental costs and risks involved due to the invasive procedures in the screened population due to a high false positivity rate questions the use of LD-CT scan as a reliable community based screening tool. There is therefore an urgent need to find a less invasive and a more reliable biomarker that is crucial to increase the probability of early lung cancer detection. This can truly make a difference in lung cancer survival and at the same time be more cost and resource utilization effective. Sampling blood serum being minimally invasive, low risk and providing an easy to obtain biofluid, needs to be explored for potential biomarkers. This review discusses the use of circulatory miRNAs that have been able to discriminate lung cancer patients from disease free controls. Several studies conducted recently suggest that circulating miRNAs may have promising future applications for screening and early detection of lung cancer.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2016

포름아미드(formamide)는 암모니아 냄새의 무색 액체로 흡입 시 자극성이 강하며, 급성독성 $LD_{50}$ 5,577 mg/kg(랫드), 표적장기(간장) 전신독성의 무유해영향농도(NOAEL)는 113 mg/kg/day) 및 생식독성물질(1B)로 작업환경 노출기준은 10 ppm이었다. 포름아마이드 취급사업장에 대한 작업환경 측정결과는 25개 시료 모두가 노출기준보다 매우 낮은 농도를 보였다. 그러나 작업강도, 국소배기장치의 가동 및 보호구(방독마스크)의 착용 여부 등 작업환경에 따라 노출농도가 변할 수 있어 가상 노출 시나리오별 노출량을 산출한 결과 노출량은 $5.16mg/m^3$, $1.72mg/m^3$, $0.43mg/m^3$으로 산출되었다. 이를 전신독성 및 생식독성의 유해성을 고려한 위험성을 평가한 결과 평균값은 0.02-0.58, 누적 90% 값은 0.02-0.66, 95% 값은 0.02-0.69로 모두 1보다 낮은 대체로 안전한 값으로 산출되었다. 단, 작업 상황에 따라 순간적 고농도에 노출될 위험도 있으며, 간독성 및 생식독성 물질이기에 건강장해 예방을 위해 노출되지 않도록 취급 시 주의가 요망된다.