• 융합보안논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

데이터 트래픽의 증가와 대용량 실시간 서비스와 관련된 요구사항들의 증가는 음성이나 전용선 서비스를 주된 목적으로 하는 기존의 시간분할 다중화(TDM: Time Division Multiplexing) 기반 네트워크에서 좀 더 유연하고 동적인 구성이 가능한 광 네트워크로의 전환을 요구하고 있다. 이러한 광 네트워크는 데이터, 비디오, 그리고 음성을 전달할 수 있는 다수의 채널을 제공하는 핵심 인프라가 되었다. 이를 위해 차세대 패킷광 통합망은 네트워크 이상이 발생하여도 용인할 수 있는 수준의 서비스를 지속적으로 제공할 수 있어야 한다. 또한 신속하고 최적화된 복구(restoration) 정책은 GMPLS(Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) 기반 제어평면을 사용으로 하는 차세대 패킷광 통합망의 가장 중요한 요구사항이 되었다. 본 논문은 GMPLS 기반 다계층 패킷광 통합망에서 신속하고 일원화된 복구를 지원하기 위한 계층적인 다계층 복구방식을 살펴보고 이를 지원하기 위한 구현방식을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 또한 본 논문에서는 기존의 신호 및 라우팅 프로토콜을 수정하지 않고 제안한 방식을 구현할 수 있는 방안의 제안을 목적으로 하고 있다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권3_1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2016

본 연구는 시대의 변화에 적극적으로 대응하는 차원에서, 국방 분야에 민간자원 활용을 확대하기 위한 연구로 효과적인 적용과 실현 가능한 방법을 찾고자하여 연구를 하게 되었다. 민간자원의 활용은 군대에 적용되기 이전 정부기관에서 먼저 도입하였는데, 우리나라의 경우 1948년 쓰레기 수거 위탁으로 민간자원의 활용이 시작되었다. 특히 1990년대 말 IMF 경제위기를 극복하는 과정에서 정부는 민간의 요소를 공공부문에 도입하면서 공공서비스분야에 민간자원 활용을 대폭 증가시켰다. 반면에 국방부는 국방운영의 선진화 측면에서 "국방개혁법"에 국방 분야의 민간위탁을 추진하여 반영하는 정책을 추진하게 되었다. 연구결과 민간자원 활용에 대한 업무수행체계의 정립, 제도적으로 보호 받을 수 있는 국방 분야 민간자원 활용에 대한 법률 보완, 사업추진을 위한 전담 조직의 구성이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한근관절건강학회 1996년도 제4회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.110-121
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• 1996

It is well defined that osteoporosis is an age related disorder and associated with decreased bone mass. It is one of the most important disease lacing the aging population because of its association with fracture of the hip, vertebrae and distal radius. The disease provoke a significant economic burden and major public health problem of an elderly. The life-time risk of hip fracture in white women is approximately 15% which is equal to the combined risk of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Despite its deleterious effect on women's health, knowledge of the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Korea is only beginning. 1970 in Korea has non as the crossover period between the chronic and an Infectious diseases. As the result, the infant mortality declined and an elderly population in Korea increased significantly in the past decade, The average life expectancy of women in Korea is now about 75 years. Thus, the majority of Korean women will spend approximately one-third of their life in the postmenopause state. Therefore, better understanding of bone metabolism and fracture incidence in Korean population is a great interest for the medical community as well as for public health. Currently, no population based epidemiologic data are available to support the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Korea. However, available data suggest that significant declining of bone mineral density (BMD [g/$cm^2$]) has been occurring in Korean women after menopause. In same population, peak BMD was observed around 33-39 years of age and continue to decline thereafter. An accelerated bone losses occur after the menopause and the average loss is approximately 13% within 15 years from the menopause. The incidence of fracture was highly correlated with an age and bone mineral density. The mean age of menopause in Korean women was 47 years and this age appears to getting younger when analyzed by the birth cohort. An earlier menopausal age and increase life expectancy place Korean women at increase risk for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Korean or Asian women are no longer protected from the risk of bone fracture. Therefore, an early prevention or intervention schemes are essential before the outbreak of osteoporosis and/or fracture occurs in Korean or Asian women.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2001

In this study, the Italian milk recorded buffalo population from 1974 to 1996 was analysed with the purpose to estimate genetic and environmental variability and provide genetic parameters for the most important economic traits. High variability between herds was evident due to the poor knowledge of feeding requirements and husbandry technology in this species compared to cattle. Age at first calving was reduced by 57 days during the considered years following efforts made in better feeding and management from 1990; on the contrary, calving interval has increased by 17 days as a consequence of forcing buffaloes to calve in spring, in order to have the peak milk yield when milk is much better paid. Average milk yield increased by 1853 kg during these years, while lactation duration was reduced by 30 days. Season of calving has no effect on all traits. Calving order has a positive effect on milk yield especially because older cows produce more milk in shorter lactations. Heritability for the age at first calving and calving interval was 0.26 and 0.05 respectively. Heritability of productive traits, milk yield and duration of the lactation was 0.19 and 0.13 respectively, with repeatabilities of 0.40 and 0.26. Genetic trend for milk yield was 2.1 kg milk/year for the bulls and 1 kg for all population. The high genetic variability of milk production as well as duration of the lactation, indicates that there are good opportunities for genetic improvement when including these traits in a selection scheme. The low genetic trend registered over 15 years of recording activity can be explained by the fact that neither progeny testing was performed or selection schemes were implemented, due to the difficulties to use artificial insemination in buffalo.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

Purpose - The total amount of advanced Corporate Pension Insurance products exceed 148 trillion Korean Won at the end of 2016. For a firm with over 300 employees, when a bill on compulsion of introduction of Corporate Pension Insurance products, currently pending in court, is passed, Corporate Pension shall be an essential. The findings of the paper will provide a guideline for understanding on firm's attributes and its effects towards introduction of Corporate Pension Insurance products. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected using statistics of employer panel survey from Korea Labour Institute in 2013. The study analyses a sample survey on 1,775 outstanding enterprises and their HR department among whole corporations in Korea. For analysis of data, empirical testing by Logistic Regression was utilized. Results - As an outcome of empirical testing, variables on share of regular employees and the aged employees in over 50's generates a significant statistical meaning. It eventually gives a great impact on purchase of Corporate Pension scheme. Moreover, variables on corporate financial statement, current sales, current net income, total amount of the debts, labor cost per person also has a vital influence on introduction of Corporate Pension Insurance products. Lastly, variables on firm's labor relationship have no effect except for the execution or non-execution of HR consulting. Meanwhile, Variables affecting a choice on pension schemes types among firm's attributes are a share of regular employees, current net income, execution or non-execution of HR consulting etc. These variables represents a statistical implication. According to their each features, they prefer DB or DC plan. Conclusions - Introduction of corporate pension scheme is apposite to contemporary Korea's situation entering a hyper-aging society and firms with a high share of regular employees, the weight of aging, current sales, current net income and labor cost per person are exceedingly active in purchasing Corporate Pension Insurance products. However, after the introduction of corporate pension scheme, firms which has an implementation of consultation on human resource management, flexible benefits plan, job security and welfare system prefer DC plan whereas from financial perspective firms with high net income prefer DB plan.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2019

Background: The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is an anatomical lateral skull base space composed by the zygoma, temporal, and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Due to its difficult approach, surgical intervention at the ITF has remained a heavy burden to surgeons. The aim of this article is to review basic skull base approaches and ITF structures and to avoid severe complications based on the accurate surgical knowledge. Methods: A search of the recent literature using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and other online tools was executed using the following keyword combinations: infratemporal fossa, subtemporal fossa, transzygomatic approach, orbitozygomatic approach, transmaxillary approach, facial translocation approach, midface degloving, zygomatico-transmandibular approach, and lateral skull base. Aside from our Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) trial, there have been very few randomized controlled trials. The search data for this review are summarized based on the authors' diverse clinical experiences. Results: We divided our results based on representative skull base approaches and the anatomy of the ITF. Basic approaches to the ITF include endoscopic endonasal, transzygomatic, orbitozygomatic, zygomatico-transmandibular, transmaxillary, facial translocation, and the midfacial degloving approach. The borders and inner structures of the ITF (with basic lateral skull base dissection schemes) are summarized, and the modified zygomatico-transmandibular approach (ZTMA) is described in detail. Conclusions: An anatomical basic knowledge would be required for the appropriate management of the ITF pathology for diverse specialized doctors, including maxillofacial, plastic, and vascular surgeons. The ITF approach, in conjunction with the application of microsurgical techniques and improved perioperative care, has permitted significant advances and successful curative outcomes for patients having malignancy in ITF.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 디지털 콘텐츠의 저작권을 보호하기 위하여 공모공격에 강인한 BIBD 기반의 불법공모방지코드를 설계하였다. 또한 핑거프린트 정보는 디지털 콘텐츠의 전송 중 외부 공격 및 잡음 등에 의해 손실이 발생할 수 있는데 이러한 점을 개선하기 위하여 홉필드 신경회로망을 이용하여 손실이 발생한 코드를 정정할 수 있는 핑거프린트 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 크게 선형 공모 공격에 강인성을 가지는 BIBD 기반의 불법공모방지코드 설계와 외부공격에 의해 발생한 에러비트를 정정하기 위한 피드백형 연상메모리방식의 홉필드 신경회로망으로 구성되어있다. 실험 결과 BIBD 기반의 불법공모방지코드는 평균화 선형 공모공격에 대해 100% 공모코드 검출이 이루어졌으며 에러비트 정정을 위해 설계한 (n, k) 코드를 사용한 홉필드 신경회로망은 2비트 이내의 에러비트를 정정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 제안된 알고리즘은 평균화 공모공격 및 공모코드에 에러비트가 발생되었을 때 공모자를 정확히 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1040-1044
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• 2002

The efficacy of an organic acid solution in the prevention of neonatal kid diarrhoea, was examined in this study and was compared with that of different antibiotics. In a goat farm, kids and their mothers were divided in 4 experimental groups. The kids of Group I were not given any treatment serving as negative controls. The kids of Group II were treated orally for 3 consecutive days with a solution of organic acids starting approximately 12 h after their birth. The kids of Groups III and IV were treated once orally with ampicillin and oxytetracycline respectively, approximately 12 h after birth. All groups were compared as regards the occurrence of diarrhoea, its duration, and the rate of mortality. The results have shown that the number of cases and the duration of diarrhoea were significantly reduced in all treated groups, when compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, no or little difference was noted with respect to morbidity, mortality and diarrhoea characteristics when treated groups were compared with each other (p>0.05). Samples of diarrhoeic faeces from kids in the control group resulted in the isolation of K88 and K99 strains of Escherichia coli. It was concluded that, early oral administration of organic acids can be effective in the prevention of scours in neonatal kids, possibly caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, and to a degree of protection similar to that seen with the used antibiotic schemes.

• 한국인구학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1989

It is well known that vital statistics is of great importance as basic data for establishing various range of national policies. Especially, vital statistics is important among demographic information for monitoring and evaluating the population policy, for constructing life table, for making population projection, and for studying various aspects of the society. In principle, the production of vital statistics is based on the registration system. It is, however, still observed that there are some limitations in utilizing fully the registration system due to the inherent problems such as problems in its coverage, accuracies and timeliness. Thus, as an alternative, many countries conduct survey on vital statistics in order to supplement the registration system and obtain in-depth data. Korea is no exception in this aspect. The National Bureau of Statistics carries out the so-called Continuous Demographic Survey. This is a kind of multi-round retrospective survey, covering 32, 000 households and having reference period of one month. The survey has also characteristics of multi-subject sample. Thus, surveys on economic activity status of population, house-hold income & expenditure, and social indicators are together conducted with the same sample. It is, however, found that the survey itself tends to have some quality problems. Especially, the quality problems connected with field data collection are summarized as coverage error, non-response error and response error. Although it is inevitable not to be free from these errors, we should make all our efforts to reduce the errors. The probable schemes pointed out in this paper are as follows : 1) the strengthening formal quality control activities, 2) the review of the survey method, i. e., the combining interview method with mail-sending and mail-back method or pick-up method, 3) well documentation for various cases found in every stage of data collection, and 4) the strengthening the analytical activities. It is, also, emphasized that sincerity of planners and interviewers is the most important factor among other things.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2014

최근 안드로이드 스마트폰에서 악성 앱의 출현이 증가하고 있다. 하지만 매일 많은 앱이 출현되기 때문에 이들 앱을 분석하여 악성 앱을 탐지하기에는 많은 시간과 자원이 요구된다. 이로 인해 악성 앱이 많이 확산된 후에 대처하는 상황도 적지 않다. 본 논문은 악성 앱 가능성이 높은 앱을 우선적으로 분석할 수 있도록 앱 행위를 동적으로 추적하고 고위험성의 앱을 분류하는 TAU 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 사용자와 스마트폰의 상호작용으로 발생하는 앱의 설치, 유포 경로 및 실행 행위를 추적한다. 이런 추적된 행위 분석하여 Drive-by download 및 Update attack 공격 가능성이 있는 앱을 분류한다. 또한 악성 앱의 유포 경로로 많이 사용되는 리패키징 여부를 판별한다. 이런 분류를 통해 고위험성의 앱에 대한 악성 코드 분석을 우선적으로 실행하게 하여 악성 앱의 유포를 빨리 막을 수 있도록 한다.