• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.781-784
• /
• 2014

Background: Although the cause in most cases of childhood leukemia is not known, the contribution of environmental risk factors in the context of genetic predisposition has been reported with inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to examine association of childhood leukemia with maternal factors especially during pregnancy, to help in avoiding risk factors. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included children younger than 18 years diagnosed with leukemia from 2008 to 2012. Controls were randomly selected and individually matched to cases with respect to age, sex, and residency. All variables were compared between cases and control to determine any significant association with leukemia. Results: Statistically significant associations between risk of childhood leukemia with mother's education (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.0005) and pesticides exposure (p=0.005) during pregnancy were found. However, there were no significant links with maternal age (p=0.090), history of fetal loss (0.85), history of radiography during pregnancy (p=0.400), history of drug intake (p=0.689) and infection (p=0.696) during pregnancy. Conclusions: The results showed increased risk of leukemia in children whose mothers were working in agriculture and were exposed to pesticides during pregnancy. The further study needs to be investigated to know association of various maternal risk factors with leukemia which remained unknown in this study.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 1999

Relationships between socio-demographic variables and parents' education invest-ment motivation variables and extra-class private education expenditures were examined using a sample of 602 households in Inchon Korea. Tobit analysis was used. Singal-cognitive motivation parents' duty motivation household income housing asset father's occupation class and number of children had significant effects on extra-class private education expenditures on general high school students. To alleviate overspending in extra-class private education diploma pursuing society has to be changed and formal school education need to be properly functioning. Finally parents seek new child education paradigm for the creative labor demand in the next millenium.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this atudy was to identify the influence of demographic characteristics of full-time working mother's family on maternal parenting efficacy as well as child-rearing practices and to examime the relationship between mothers with perceived parenting efficacy and child-rearing practices. The subjects for this study were 100 working mothers of two to six year old children attending employer sponsored child care centers. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation analysis, and step-wise regression were used for data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Full-time working mothers' child-rearing practices were influenced by the ages of mothers and fathers, parental education level and occupation, family income, age of the child, and number of children in the family. 2) The more working mothers perceived parenting efficacy, the more mothers utilized effective child-rearing practices. 3) Age of the child, maternal education level, mothers with levels of perceived parenting efficacy were significant predictors for full-time working mothers' child-rearing practices.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2011

This study examines the motivation, opportunity, and ability in the use of the internet by comparing young and aging consumers in the essential infrastructure of an information oriented society. Previous studies have conducted surveys about using computers and the internet instead of measuring the digital divide by using multilateral approaches; however, this study examines digital divide in terms of motivation, opportunity, and ability. Results suggested age, gender, and education level influenced motivation, opportunity, and ability in the use of the internet by consumers; in addition, the motivation and ability were different depending on occupation. The results show that the digital divide was mainly influenced by motivation and ability in offering a difference between the two groups of young and aging consumers, This study contributes to illuminate the differences between young and aging consumers to use the internet and to suggest implications in the perspectives of motivation, opportunity, and ability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.851-857
• /
• 2001

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the associated factors of low back pain in measurement of women. Methods: The data were collected from women who visited Physical Examination Center of hospital located in Daegu from July 20, 2000 to September 29, 2000. Data from 36 normal in the women. Results: The experience rate for low back pain was 58.3%. The mean age is 56 years. The the lumbar spine of healthy women in age($50\sim59$) was 73.4%, the lumbar spine of women low back pain in age($50\sim59$) was 66.7%, Variables significantly associated with low back pain were weight, education, Exercise time, menopause existence, occupation(p<0.05). The experience for LBP increased as weight increased(Odds ratio = 999.000). The experience for LBP increased as Exercise time decreased(Odds ratio = 1.090), The experience for LBP increased as menopause existence increased(Odds ratio = 0.7111), However all three variables had significant relationship. Conclusions: Results from this study indicated that a statistically significant association between LBP and weight, education. Exercise time, menopause existence, occupation, smoking in $x^2$-test. In logistic regression test. there were related variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.43-59
• /
• 2005

A sample of 578 adolescents responded to self-report questionnaires. Results showed that parental education levels and occupation and adolescent perceptions of their socioeconomic status were positively related to maternal expectations. Adolescent perceptions of their socioeconomic status were related to maternal emotional support and adolescent self-esteem. Adolescent achievement motives were positively related to parental education levels and adolescent perceptions of their socioeconomic status. Maternal expectations/emotional support and adolescent perceptions of their socioeconomic status were positively related to adolescent achievement motivation. Maternal expectations played a mediating role between parental educational levels and adolescent perceptions of their socioeconomic status and adolescent achievement motives. Maternal emotional support and adolescent self-esteem played mediating roles between adolescent perceptions of their socioeconomic status and achievement motives.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.883-898
• /
• 2005

This study was to find out the demand for the education of elder marital couples to improve their relationship. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Marital satisfaction was affected by four elements such as confidence and affinity, mutual respect, communication, and cohesion. Each element showed significant differences by the socio-demographic variables. Out of these variables, age, academic career, health, occupation, and salary showed significant difference in all 4 elements affecting the marital satisfaction. 2. The couples with shorter marriage period, with religion, and belonging to a nuclear family, and doing social activities were recognized the necessity of education highly. 3. The higher the confidence and affinity, and cohesion between couple, the higher the demand for education program. The lower the score of communication between couple, they participated more often in the educational program. For the improvement of confidence and affinity between couple, the educational program with partners is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.645-656
• /
• 2001

The relationship between socio-economic status and food and nutrient consumption patterns was studied in 7,370 Koreans aged 20 years and older in the 1995 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rapid economic growth on food and nutrient consumption for Korean adults in the last 30 years. Monthly household income, and individual's educational level and occupation were chosen as variables of socio-economic status for individuals. A one day 24 hour recall method was used for the dietary survey. One way analysis of varience was adopted to test tole association between socio-economic variables and food and nutrient consumption patterns. Individuals who had a high socio-economic status had significantly higher daily intake of most of the nutrients including calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$which reached above the recommended dietary allowances(RDA) and a higher percentage energy consumption from fat. In addition, individual who belonged to a low socio-economic status consumed less animal foods, including meat, egg, milk and consumed low proportion of energy from fat. The results suggest that in spite of rapid economic growth during the last 30 years in Korea, individuals who belonged to low sorio-economic status categories are still nutritionally vulnerable. Among the sorio-economic variables, income and education except occupation were the influential factors on the food and nutrient consumption of Koreans. Therefore, nutrition policy should focus on influencing the dietary patterns of lower social class individuals to improve the health status of the population as a whole.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational distribution of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients and their diagnosis according to occupations and to evaluate the relationship between TMD and occupations. Work-related factors which might aggravate TMD symptoms were also evaluated. Methods: We investigated 316 TMD patients, aged from 13 to 65 years old, who had visited the Department of Oral Medicine in Pusan National University Dental Hospital. The subjects who have a job were assessed using TMD analysis examination and occupation questionnaire. The level of significance was p-value<0.05. Result: This study presented that the diagnoses according to occupations were not significant, but work-related factors such as verbal work and poor posture were related with TMD symptoms. Conclusions: Proper education is essential to prevent aggravation of TMD symptoms because TMD symptoms were more related to work environment than a specific occupation.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health promotion behaviors and chronic disease prevalence of Korean elderly and to provide information for preventing chronic diseases and improving health conditions of the elderly. Methods: A subset of 584 cases in the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for secondary analysis. Chi square test was used to compare chronic diseases prevalence by general characteristics and health promotion behaviors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with chronic diseases. Results: Gender, occupation, subjective health status, smoking, and alcohol drinking have significant association with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Gender-specific health education for the elderly should be implemented at the health center, and opportunities for social participation can be enhanced through job creation for the elderly. Active campaigns on smoking cessation and moderate drinking are needed to prevent and manage chronic diseases of the elderly.