• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_4
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• pp.1179-1194
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• 2020

This study investigates the feasibility of three algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Random Forest (RF) and Neural Network (NN), for estimating the air temperature of an unobserved area where the weather station is not installed. The satellite image were obtained from Landsat-8 and MODIS Aqua/Terra acquired in 2019, and the meteorological ground weather data were from AWS/ASOS data of Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Forest Service. In addition, in order to improve the estimation accuracy, a digital surface model, solar radiation, aspect and slope were used. The accuracy assessment of machine learning methods was performed by calculating the statistics of R² (determination coefficient) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) through 10-fold cross-validation and the estimated values were compared for each target area. As a result, the neural network algorithm showed the most stable result among the three algorithms with R² = 0.805 and RMSE = 0.508. The neural network algorithm was applied to each data set on Landsat imagery scene. It was possible to generate an mean air temperature map from June to September 2019 and confirmed that detailed air temperature information could be estimated. The result is expected to be utilized for national disaster safety management such as heat wave response policies and heat island mitigation research.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

For the accurate safety assessment of potential radioactive waste disposal site which is located in the crystalline rock it is important to simulate the mass transportation through engineered and natural barrier system precisely, characterized by porous and fractured media respectively. In this work the methods to construct discrete fracture network for the analysis of flow and mass transport through fractured-porous medium are described. The probability density function is adopted in generating fracture properties for the realistic representation of real fractured rock. In order to investigate the intersection between a porous and a fractured medium described by a 2 dimensional rectangular and a cuboid grid respectively, an additional imaginary fracture is adopted at the face of a porous medium intersected by a fracture. In order to construct large scale flow paths an effective method to find interconnected fractures and algorithms of swift detecting connectivities between fractures or porous medium and fractures are proposed. These methods are expected to contribute to the development of numerical program for the simulation of radioactive nuclide transport through fractured-porous medium from radioactive waste disposal site.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The potential repository domains for A-KRS (Advanced Korean Reference Disposal System for High Level Wastes) in geological characteristics of KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) facility site were proposed to develop a repository system design and to perform the safety assessment. The host rock of KURT facility site is one of major Mesozoic plutonic rocks in Korean peninsula, two-mica granite, which was influenced by hydrothermal alteration. The topographical features control the flow lines of surface and groundwater toward south-easterly and all waters discharge to Geum River. Fracture zones distributed in study site are classified into order 2 magnitude and their dominant orientations are N-S and E-W strike. From the geological features and fracture zones, the potential repository domains for A-KRS were determined spatially based on the following conditions: (1) fracture zone must not cross the repository; and (2) the repository must stay away from the fracture zones greater than 50 m. The western region of the fracture zones in the N-S direction with a depth below 200 m from the surface was sufficient for A-KRS repository. Because most of the fracture zones in N-S direction were inclined toward the east, we expected to find a homogeneous rock mass in the western region rather than in the eastern region. The lower left domain of potential domains has more suitable geological and hydrogeological conditions for A-KRS repository.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2013

A hypothetical repository was assumed to be located at the KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) site, and the travel times of radionuclides released from three source positions were calculated. The groundwater flow around the KURT site was simulated and the groundwater pathways from the hypothetical source positions to the shallow groundwater were identified. Of the pathways, three pathways were selected because they had highly water-conductive features. The transport travel times of the radionuclides were calculated by a TDRW (Time-Domain Random Walk) method. Diffusion and sorption mechanisms in a host rock matrix as well as advection-dispersion mechanisms under the KURT field condition were considered. To reflect the radioactive decay, four decay chains with the radionuclides included in the high-level radioactive wastes were selected. From the simulation results, the half-life and distribution coefficient in the rock matrix, as well as multiple pathways, had an influence on the mass flux of the radionuclides. For enhancing the reliability of safety assessment, this reveals that identifying the history of the radionuclides contained in the high-level wastes and investigating the sorption processes between the radionuclides and the rock matrix in the field condition are preferentially necessary.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

As for noise and vibration occurring due to construction near fish farms, engineering and the technical opinions of experts in different areas were excluded in calculating any damage. The victims tend to present only biological consulting-based opinions while construction companies tend to present information on general construction noise and vibration as they have little biological knowledge on fish. So, the National Environmental Dispute Medication Commission presented specific damage standard in 2009 through studies on standard in calculating compensation and damage assessment of farm-raised fish that were affected by noise and vibration. Currently, 140 dB re $1{\mu}Pa$ is accepted as damage standard of underwater noise in the country. This standard is the RMS value of continuous sounds for more than a second, not the impulsive sounds. To look up the data on existing studies, fish showed different reactions to underwater sounds according to the different kinds of fish such as ostariophysan or non-ostariophysan, and pinnipeds or non-pinnipeds. So, this study will present damage standards for impulsive sounds in consideration of the differences in the characteristics of the impulsive and continuous sounds.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

Road roughness, as the key factor influencing not only drivers' ride quality and safety but also pavement deterioration, is one of the most important pavement performance indicator to be evaluated by users' subjective assessment. For this reason, a specific number of the pavement roughness has been adopted to monitor the condition of a road for pavement management systems and to evaluate the quality of newly constructed sections, however, none of the unified methodology was internationally accepted. In Korea highway network, road roughness has been used mainly to evaluate newly placed pavement by using 7.6m CP (California Profile meter) to calculate PrI (Profile Index). But this instrument is manually operated to measure road profiles by traffic closure and their interpretation depends on personal bias. Therefore, problems arisen from the manually operated instrument will be overcome by using the APL (Longitudinal Profile Analyzer) which can be operated in the speed of 80km per hour. A study was conducted to correlate the relation from both concrete and asphalt pavement between IRI (measured by APL) and PrI (measured by 7.6m CP). Test results showed that there was a good correlation between IRI and PrI.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2024

Chung's equations-IX and Chung's equation-XII were utilized to predict the fire risk and evaluate fire risk ratings for four types of wood: camphor, cherry, rubber, and elm trees. The combustion tests were conducted using a cone calorimeter test method by ISO 5660-1 standards. The fire risk and fire risk rating (FRR) were compared for Fire Risk Index-IX (FRI-IX) and Fire Risk Index-XII (FRI-XII). The results yielded Fire Performance Index-XI (FPI-XI) ranging from 0.08 to 11.48 and Fire Growth Index-XI (FGI-XI) ranging from 0.67 to 111.89. The Fire Risk Index-XII (FRI-XII), indicating fire risk rating, exhibited an increasing order of cherry (0.45): Grade A (Ranking 5) < PMMA (1): Grade A (Ranking 4) < elm (1.23): Grade A (Ranking 3) < rubber (1.56): Grade A (Ranking 2) << camphor (148.23): Grade G (Ranking 1). Additionally, the fire risk index-IX (FRI-IX) was cherry (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) ≈ rubber (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) ≈ elm tree (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) < PMMA (1): Grade A (Ranking 2) << camphor tree (66.67): Grade G (Ranking 1). In general, camphor was found to have the highest fire risk. In conclusion, although the expression of the index is different as shown based on the standards of FRI-IX and FRI-XII, predictions based on fire risk assessment of combustible materials showed similar trends.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.1 s.12
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• pp.13-26
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• 2007

A VDS data in the domestic has been used within limits to real time information such as congestion management, incident management, and route guidance service. On the other hand, a VDS data in the foreign countries had been used to various objectives such as transportation policy assessment, transportation construction evaluation, franc safety improvement, and etc. The scope and method of the study is the VDS data which was installed in the uninterrupted flow such as the freeway and the interrupted flow in a diversion route of the leeway. It has investigated and analyzed the VDS as our subject to study, study objective and study methodology for each study generally classified as 1) data collection 2) data processing 3) data store and 4) data quality section. This study has investigated and analyzed the various literatures in domestic and foreign countries regarding the VDS data. And It drew the development direction of the study which is about VDS data in domestic from now.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.277-278
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• 2009

독일 연방작물보호법(PflSchG-Gesetz zum Schutz der Kulturpflanzen, 1986.9. 15 제정)은 식물강화제(한국의 친환경유기농자재와 동일)에 대한 정의를 3가지로 대별하여 명시하고 연방농림생물학청(BBA)에 신고를 의무화하도록 개정(1998.7. 27)하여 법률적인 근거를 마련하였다. 정부조직 개편으로 인하여 2002년 11월 1일부터 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL)에서 유기농자재 등록 허가 업무를 주관하고 있다. 식물강화제는 작물보호법에 의하여 허가되는 농약, 생장촉진제, 작물보조제 및 비료관리법(Dungemittelgesetz)에 의한 식물영양제, 식물보조제, 작물재배 배양토 및 토양개량제 등과는 차별화하여 명시하고 있다. 식물강화제는 독일 작물보호법(PflSchG-Gesetz zum Schutz der Kulturpflanzen; Plant Protection Act) 제1장 제2조 10항에 의거하여 (1)유해생물에 대한 저항력을 높여주는 물질, (2)비기생성 피해에 대하여 식물을 보호해 주는 물질, (3)재배작물 이외의 잘려진 관상식물에 사용되는 물질로 정의하고 있다. 이러한 법률적 정의의 요지는 인간과 동물의 건강 및 자연계에 해로운 영향이 없으면서 식물체에 유해한 생물에 대하여 저항성만을 높여주는 물질을 말하며, 기상 및 환경공해 등에 의한 장해도 유해생물에 의한 것과 동일하게 간주되며 이에 대한 저항성을 높여 주는 물질도 포함시키고 있다. 식물강화제는 원칙적으로 유해생물 방제에 직접적으로 작용시키기 위한 이용목적으로 사용할 수 없으며, 단지 작물의 저항성을 높이는 경우에 한하여야 사용된다. 식물강화제의 등록 허가신청은 생산자, 판매업자 또는 수입업자가 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL)에 신청하여야 한다. 이렇게 신청된 식물강화제는 작물보호법 제2조에 의거하여 이루어진다. 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청의 작물보호제의 관리부서는 특별한 문제가 없는 한 4개월 이내에 등록을 허가하고 목록을 홈페이지에 목록을 공시한다. 목록공시는 통상적으로 매월 초순에 1회 게시된다. 허가 등록 절차는 맨처음 서류가 접수되면 구비서류가 완전한지 여부를 검토하여 신청서류에 문제가 없으면 4부를 복사하여 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety), 환경청(UBA, Federal Environment Agency), 연방농림생물학청(BBA, Federal Biogical Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry) 및 위해성평가연구소(BfR, Fedral Institute for Risk Assessment)에 우편으로 해당부서에 발송한다. 4개 기관이 검토한 내용이 서로 상이한 판단을 하였을 경우 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청은 등록 허가결정을 하기 전에 "전문가위원회"를 개최하여 의견을 청취한다. 전문위원회는 연방농림생물청, 환경부, 위해성평가연구소 연구원 등 작물, 독성 및 환경보호 전문가 25인으로 구성되어있다. 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청의 작물보호 제2부서(식물강화제 검토부서)는 전문위원과 검토기관의 의견을 종합하여 자체적으로 등록 허가 여부를 결정하여 제품 신청자에게 결정 내용을 통보함으로서 등록절차가 마무리 된다. 독일의 식물강화제, 즉 유기농자재는 국가에서 허가한 제품에 한하여 유기농업연구소(FiBL)에서 허용목록 책자를 만들어 유기농업단체 제공하면 단체에 따라 사용가능 유기농자재 제품을 다시 선별하여 회원에게 알려준다. 2009년 11월 30일 현재 독일의 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL)에서 허가 공시한 식물강화제는 490개 제품에 이르고 있다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

Automobile-oriented urban transport system, continued from the past in Korea, is giving rise to inefficiency and social costs in transport sector. With revitalizing usage of bicycle, human-powered transport mode, it is possible to enhance sustainable green growth, improvement of the city-competitiveness, and the quality of life. In this study, the possibility of bicycle usage promotion in Korean cities is examined at 7 points of views. As a result, though the bicycle usage is low now, we figured that there are many positive signs to increase bicycle usage in Korea. Also, we draw a diverse key policies for building green urban transport system that bicycle have a most important role on transport system. So policies to promote bicycle usage are reviewed to analyze on bicycle-oriented 5 cities, in which have high bicycle mode share. By this review, this study could draw 41 key effective policies to 3 aspects (bicycle infrastructure, safety and promotion, and policy sustainability). In addition to, importance of 21 key effective policies about bicycle infrastructure is suggested as considering city's characteristics.