• 과학교육연구지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.293-311
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• 2022

본 연구는 분자생물학 기초 소양 함양을 위한 제한 효소 지도 작성의 탐구실험을 구성하였고, 일반계 고등학교 2학년을 대상으로 학생 중심의 제한 효소 지도 작성 탐구실험 수업을 통해 탐구실험 능력과 과학긍정경험에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 우선, 탐구실험 수업이 일반계 고등학생의 과학긍정경험에 있어 '그렇다' 이상으로 응답한 비율이 사전에 비해 사후에서 높은 것으로 보아 유의미하게 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 제한 효소 지도 작성을 위한 연속의 5단계로 구성하여 적용한 결과 학생들의 과학 분야 학업에 대한 흥미 유발뿐만 아니라 학생들의 수업 참여도가 높아졌고, 구체적인 과학 학습 동기, 과학 진로 포부 및 체험 자료로도 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 탐구실험 수업의 과학 환경이 학생들의 학습 태도와 과학긍정경험의 향상으로 이어져 수업의 집중과 수업의 질적 향상, 학생간의 적극적인 의사 소통과 상호 협력의 중요성에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 또 탐구실험 수업이 진로 체험의 기회를 제공함으로써 분자생물학의 기초 소양 함양과 이공계 진학의 토대가 될 것이다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제20권
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• pp.223-272
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• 2009

Both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have strong aspirations for establishing a world comprised of human-beings. In other words, Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy put human-beings in the place of 'subject character(主語的 人格)' instead of 'predicate character(述語的 人格).' This is because a human is the master rather than a guest of the universe and the world. In this regard, it is safe to say that both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have a common goal of reaching 'an infinitely open life managed by a human-being, the master.' Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy also share the idea that everything in the universe is an organistic world that is closely connected, like a network. In this aspect, the two philosophies consider the whole world rather than the individual, and seek ways for people to live together actively while expanding the scope of community to the world. Even if 'the morality of living together (相生)' and 'the realization of mercy(同體大悲)' are completely different languages on the surface, it is not difficult to understand the homogeneity inherent in such expressions. Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy show endless reliability towards all humans and are declarative and reasonable, but both herald human beings as eligible to become the main characters of the future world and lead to the birth of independent human beings while inducing them to the highest position in the universe by liberating humans from the limitations they find. 'Heaven on Earth' as stated in Daesoon philosophy refers to an ideal society where humans and God harmonize, and God and humans complement each other. Also, the world will achieve political stability and equality, realizing an economically prosperous world. Furthermore, social justice will be realized and cultural and religious conflicts resolved. As humans acknowledge there is a way to live together in a universal nature, the environmental issue no longer becomes the top priority for human beings and a world where the morals of human beings reach the highest level will be established. From the original Buddhist perspective, King Jeonrhyun, the proxy of Buddha, realizes the ideal of Buddhism in the mundane world. The world controlled by King Jeonrhyun can be described as having liberty, equality, peace, justice, prosperity, morality, order, legality, democracy, welfare, etc. Therefore, the ideal Buddhist world is materially prosperous, physically healthy and socially just, as well as a world where moral maturity and mental freedom are achieved.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.903-911
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• 2023

Objective: Regrowth after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of symptomatic large thyroid nodules, initially treated as benign, sometimes turns out to be malignancies. This study aimed to assess the ultrasound (US) characteristics of thyroid nodules initially treated as benign with RFA and later diagnosed as cancers, predictive factors for cancers masquerading as benign, and methods to avoid RFA in these cancers. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 134 consecutive patients with 148 nodules who underwent RFA between February 2008 and November 2016 for the debulking of symptomatic thyroid nodules diagnosed as benign using US-guided biopsy. We investigated the pre-RFA characteristics of the thyroid nodules, changes at follow-up after RFA, and the final surgical pathology. Results: Nodule regrowth after RFA was observed in 36 (24.3%) of the 148 benign nodules. Twenty-two of the 36 nodules were surgically removed, and malignancies were confirmed in seven (19.4% of 36). Of the 22 nodules removed surgically, pre-RFA median volume (range) was significantly larger for malignant nodules than for benign nodules: 22.4 (13.9-84.5) vs. 13.4 (7.3-16.8) mL (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in the regrowth interval between benign and malignant nodules (P = 0.49). The median volume reduction rate (range) at 12 months was significantly lower for malignant nodules than for benign nodules (51.4% [0-57.8] vs. 83.8% [47.9-89.6]) (P = 0.01). The pre-RFA benignity of all seven malignant nodules was confirmed using two US-guided fine-needle aspirations (FNAs), except for one nodule, which was confirmed using US-guided core-needle biopsy (CNB). Regrown malignant nodules were diagnosed as suspicious follicular neoplasms by CNB. Histological examination of the malignant nodules revealed follicular thyroid carcinomas, except for one follicular variant, a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion: Symptomatic large benign thyroid nodules showing regrowth or suboptimal reduction after RFA may have malignant potential. The confirmation of these nodules is better with CNB than with FNA.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 2024

Drawing on the deep experience and understanding of the principles of nuclear safety, as well as many years of nuclear power plant design and operation, the EDF led NUWARD SMR Project is developing a design for a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) of 340 MWe composed of two 170 MWe independent units, that will supplement the offering of high-output nuclear reactors, especially in response to specific needs such as replacement of fossil-fuelled power plants. NUWARD SMR is a mix of proven and innovative design features that will make it more commercially competitive, while integrating safety features that comply with the highest international standards. Following the principles of redundancy and diversity and rigorous application of Defence in Depth (DID), with an international view on nuclear safety licensing, the Project also incorporates new safety approaches into its design development. The NUWARD SMR Project has been in development for a number of years, it entered conceptual design formally in mid-2019 and entered Basic Design in 2023. The objective of the concept design phase was to confirm the project technological choices and to define the first design configuration of the NUWARD SMR product, to document it, in order to launch pre-licensing with the French Safety Authority (ASN) and to define its estimated cost and its subsequent development and construction schedules. As a delivery milestone the Safety Options file (called the Dossier d'Options de Sûreté (DOS)) has been submitted to ASN in July 2023 for their opinion. An integral part of the NUWARD SMR Project, is not only to deliver a design suitable for France and to satisfy French regulation, but to develop a product suitable and indeed desirable, for the international market, with a first focus in Europe. In order to achieve its objectives and realise its market potential, the NUWARD SMR Project needs to define and realise its safety approach within an international environment and that is the key subject of this paper. The following paper: • Summarises the foundation principles and technological background which underpin the design; • Contextualises the key design features with regard to the international safety regulatory framework with particular emphasis on innovative passive safety aspects; • Illustrates the Project activities in preparation for first licensing in France, and also a wider international view via the ASN led Joint Early Review of the NUWARD SMR design, including Finnish and Czech Republic regulators, recently joined by the Swedish, Polish and Dutch regulators; • Articulates the collaborative approach to design development from involvement with the Project partners (the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Naval Group, TechnicAtome, Framatome and Tractebel) to the establishment of the International NUWARD Advisory Board (INAB), to gain greater international insight and advice; • Concludes with the focus on next steps into detailed design development, standardisation of the design and its simplification to enhance its commercial competitiveness in a context of further harmonisation of the nuclear safety and licensing requirements and aspirations.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2024

미래 핵심 인재 양성을 위해서는 다양하고 실질적인 SW·AI 교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하고 SW·AI 공교육을 보조할 수 있는 체계적인 시스템이 구축되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 SW·AI 교육 모듈을 개발하고 조합하여 공교육에 적용 가능한 SW·AI 교육 프로그램을 구성한다. 또한, 체계적인 교육시스템을 구축하고 다양한 공유 플랫폼을 기반으로 'Job's Garage Camp'를 진행하여 초·중·고 학생들에게 지속 가능한 SW·AI 교육을 제공한다. 지속 가능한 공교육 연계 교육환경을 조성함으로써, 학생들이 SW·AI에 대한 학습을 자기 주도적으로 이어갈 수 있도록 유도한다. 'Job's Garage Camp'에 참여한 학생들을 대상으로 사전-사후 설문조사를 실시한 결과, '흥미·관심', '이해·자신감', '진로희망'의 모든 영역에서 사전 대비 사후 수치가 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 기반으로 학생들에게 SW·AI에 대한 보편적인 긍정적인 인식과 영향을 주었음을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 'Job's Garage Camp'의 운영사례를 개선하고 확대한다면 추후 다른 SW·AI 교육 프로그램에 적용 가능한 표준 모델로 제시될 수 있다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

목 적 : hMPV는 paramyxovirus에 속하는 RNA 바이러스로 2001년 van den Hoogen 등에 의해 처음으로 보고되었으며 늦은 겨울이나 이른 봄에 영아와 노인에서 호흡기 감염을 일으키는 바이러스로 알려져 있으나 아직 우리나라에서의 보고는 많지 않다. 최근 호흡기 증상을 보이는 환아들에서 hMPV를 확인한 바 있어 이에 보고하는 바이다. 방 법 : 2004년 10월부터 2005년 5월까지 을지병원, 서울의료원, 보라매병원 소아과에 호흡기 증상을 주소로 방문한 443명의 비인두 흡인물에서 hMPV RT-PCR을 시행하였고, 양성인 15명의 임상 양상과 검사 소견을 의무기록을 통해 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 443명 중 15명에서 hMPV PCR 양성을 보여 양성율은 3.4%이었다. 남아가 7명, 여아가 8명이었고 연령은 1개월에서 62개월(정중값 31.5개월)이었다. 이중 24개월 미만의 환아가 53.3%(8/15)이었다. 진단명은 폐렴 9명, 모세기관지염 3명, 상기도염 2명, 후두염 1명이었다. 그 중 1명에서 천식이 있었고 나머지 환아에서는 기왕력이 없었다. 임상 증상으로는 기침이 15명(100%)으로 가장 많았고 그 외 열감 12명(80%), 콧물 10명(67%), 구토 4명(27%), 호흡 곤란 4명(27%), 설사 3명(20%), 발진 1명(7%)이 있었다. 신체 검진 상 인두 발적이 가장 흔하게 보이는 소견이었으며 나음 6례, 흉부 함몰 4례, 빈호흡 2례, 천명 2례, 천음 1례가 관찰되었다. 말초 혈액 검사만으로 hMPV 감염을 시사하는 특징적인 소견은 없었다. 15명 중 2명에서 아데노바이러스와 중복감염이 있었다. 평균 발열 기간은 $4.9{\pm}2.8$일이었으며 입원 치료를 하였던 13명의 평균 재원 기간은 $5.6{\pm}0.9$일이었고 모두 대증적 치료 후 합병증 없이 증상 호전을 보여 퇴원하였다. 결 론 : hMPV는 상기도 및 하기도 호흡기 감염의 중요 원인 바이러스 중 하나로 생각되며 우리나라에서의 임상적, 역학적 특징을 규명하기 위해서는 향후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-81
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• 2007

Research in the IS (Information Systems) outsourcing has focused on the importance of legal contracts and partnerships between vendors and clients. Without detailed legal contracts, there is no guarantee that an outsourcing vendor would not indulge in self-serving behavior. In addition, partnerships can supplement legal contracts in managing the relationship between clients and vendors legal contracts by itself cannot deal with all the complexity and ambiguity involved with IS outsourcing relationships. In this paper, we introduce a psychological contract (between client and vendor) as an important variable for IS outsourcing success. A psychological contract refers to individual's mental beliefs about his or her mutual obligations in a contractual relationship (Rousseau, 1995). A psychological contract emerges when one party believes that a promise of future returns has been made, a contribution has been given, and thus, an obligation has been created to provide future benefits (Rousseau, 1989). An employmentpsychological contract, which is a widespread concept in psychology, refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship, i.e. mutual obligations, values, expectations and aspirations that operate over and above the formal contract of employment (Smithson and Lewis, 2003). Similar to the psychological contract between an employer and employee, IS outsourcing involves a contract and a set of mutual obligations between client and vendor (Ho et al., 2003). Given the lack of prior research on psychological contracts in the IS outsourcing context, we extend such studies and give insights through investigating the role of psychological contracts between client and vendor. Psychological contract theory offers highly relevant and sound theoretical lens for studying IS outsourcing management because of its six distinctive principles: (1) it focuses on mutual (rather than one-sided) obligations between contractual parties, (2) it's more comprehensive than the concept of legal contract, (3) it's an individual-level construct, (4) it changes over time, (5) it affects organizational behaviors, and (6) it's susceptible to organizational factors (Koh et al., 2004; Rousseau, 1996; Coyle-Shapiro, 2000). The aim of this paper is to put the concept, psychological contract commitment (PCC), under the spotlight, by finding out its mediating effects between legal contracts/partnerships and IS outsourcing success. Our interest is in the psychological contract commitment (PCC) or commitment to psychological contracts, which is the extent to which a partner consistently and deeply concerns with what the counter-party believes as obligations during the IS project. The basic premise for the hypothesized relationship between PCC and success is that for outsourcing success, client and vendor should continually commit to mutual obligations in which both parties believe, rather than to only explicit obligations. The psychological contract commitment playsa pivotal role in evaluating a counter-party because it reflects what one party really expects from the other. If one party consistently shows high commitment to psychological contracts, the other party would evaluate it positively. This will increase positive reciprocation efforts of the other party, thus leading to successful outsourcing outcomes (McNeeley and Meglino, 1994). We have used matched sample data for this research. We have collected three responses from each set of a client and a vendor firm: a project manager of the client firm, a project member from the vendor firm with whom the project manager cooperated, and an end-user of the client company who actually used the outsourced information systems. Special caution was given to the data collection process to avoid any bias in responses. We first sent three types of questionnaires (A, Band C) to each project manager of the client firm, asking him/her to answer the first type of questionnaires (A).

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제42권
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• pp.213-238
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• 2015

한국의 대표적 여류시인으로 평가받고 있는 정운(丁芸) 이영도(李永道)가 작품 활동을 시작한 것은 1946년 5월 "죽순" 창간호에 <제야>를 발표하면서부터다. 일찍부터 유교적 가풍과 전통적 가치관을 몸에 익히며 체화된 그의 한국적 정체성은 자신의 문학에 짙게 표출되어, 1976년 그가 타계할 때까지 30여 년에 걸쳐 한국 여류시조 문단에 독보적인 인물로 남게 된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이영도는 그의 숭고한 작가 정신과 작품이 보여준 우월성이 그의 개인적인 사생활로 인해 작품 평가의 공정성이 약화된 점 또한 부인하기 어렵다. 이런 관점에서 볼 때 이영도의 시조를 텍스트로 하여 그의 시조가 지닌 문학적 역량과 시조미학을 천착해 볼 필요가 있다. 주지하듯 이영도는 한국의 근 현대 시단에서 굳건하게 자리잡은 시인이다. 그의 시 정신과 시 세계에 대해 고찰한 바를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시대적 격랑기를 거쳐 온 이영도 시조의 원천은 조국이었다. 일제 탄압, 8.15 해방, 민족 분단, 6.25전쟁, 4.19 혁명, 5.16 군사 정변 등 그가 겪은 역사적 파고를 볼 때 의식 있는 지식인으로서 그의 시에 시대정신으로서의 조국애가 반영된 것은 우연이 아님을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 이영도는 시대적 아픔을 남달리 고뇌한 시인이다. 일찍부터 형성된 유교적 가치관과 한국적 정체성은 그가 처한 역사적 현실과 맞물려 자신의 시 세계에 짙게 투영된다. 셋째, 정운 이영도는 그리움의 시인이다. 그것은 이영도의 타고난 풍부한 정서위에 유치환 시인과의 만남으로 정한이 깊어진 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 이영도는 시조의 현대화에 새로운 지평을 연 시인이다. 그의 작품에 내포된 투명한 이미지와 살뜰한 언어의 조탁미는 탁월하다. 요컨대 이영도는 조국애의 시인, 시대적 아픔을 고뇌한 시인, 그리움의 시인으로서 근 현대시조단에 확고하게 자리매김한 철저한 예인으로 평가된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.396-417
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• 1991

In order that nursing care an essential quality of nursing practice be acceptable and satisfying, it is necessary that client's culture be respected and that nursing practice be appropriate to that culture. Since cultural elements are an important influence on health practices and life patterns related to medical treatment, recovery from and prevention of disease, nurses need to have an understanding and knowledge of social and cultural phenomena to aid in the planning of nursing interventions. To understand the health practices surrounding health and illness, the health beliefs and practices of both folk and professional healing systems should be ascertained. Cultural data are required to provide care of high quality to clients and to reduce possible conflict between the client and the nurse. It is nursing's goal to provide clients from various cultures with quality nursing care which is satisfying and valuable. The problem addressed by this study was to identify Korean health practices which would contribute to the planning of professional caring practice with the culture : ultimately this study was intended to make a contribution to the development of the science of nursing. The concrete objectives of this study were ; 1) to identify Korean health practices, 2) to interpret the identitial health practices through traditional cultural thought, and 3) to compare the Korean health practices with those of other cultures. The investigator used the ethnosceintific approach outlined by spradly in a qualitative study. To discover ancestral wisdom and knowledge related to traditional health practeces, the subjects of this study were selected from residents of a small rural mountain village in south west Korea, a place considered to be maintaining and transmitting the traditional culture in a relatively well -preserved state because of being isolated from the modern world. The number of subjects was 18, aged 71 to 89. Research data were collected from January 8 to March 31, 1990. Five categories of health practices were identified : “Manage one's own mind”, “Moderation in all thing”, “Live in accord with nature”, “Live in mutuality with others”, and “Live to the best of one's ability”. Values derived from these ways of thinking from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism help fashion a traditional way of life, examplified by the saying “Benifience to all”. Korean thought and philosophy is influenced primerily by Confucianism, Confucian principles of ethics, embedded deeply in the peoples' minds, form the idea that “heaven and human being are intimately united” based on concept that “heaven is, so to speak, reason”. Twoe Gae's theory of existential subjectivity develops the concept of self which is the basis of the spirit of reverence in modern Confucian philosophy. The human md is granted from heaven out of the idea of matter, and what control the mind is the spirit of reverence. Hence the idea of “The primacy of the mind" and provided that one should control one's own mind. The precepts of duty to parents, respect for elders and worship of ancestors, and moderation in all behavior put a restraint on life which directed that one live earnestly according to Nature's laws with their neighbors. Not only Confucianism, but also Buddism and Taoism have had an important effect upon these patterns of ideas. When compared with western culture, Korean health practices tend to be more inclusive, abstract and intuitive while westerner health practices found to be mere concrete, practical and personal. Values and beliefs based and pragmatism and existentialism infuence western civilization, Ethical values may be founded on utilitarianism, which considers what is good for the persons in their circumstances as the basis of conduct and takes a serious view of their practical lives including human aspirations rather than an absolute truth. These philosophical and ethical ideas are foundations for health practices related to active, practical and progressive attitudes. This study should be enable nursing not only to understand clients as reflections of the traditional culture when planning nursing practice, but to dovelop health education corresponding to cultural requiments for the purpose of protection against disease and improvement of health, and thus promote sound health practice. Eventually it is hoped that through these processes quality nursing care as the central idea of the science of nursing will be achieved.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-152
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• 2009

한국은 우주 탐사 프로그램에 대한 포부와 함께 급속하게 확장내지 발전하고 있다. 정부는 항공우주산업에 우선권을 주고 있으며, 더 좋은 기반위에, I987년의 항공우주산업개발촉진법, 2005년의 우주개발진흥법과 2007년의 우주손해배상법을 제정하여 시행 해오고 있다. 필자는 위성의 발사허가, 우주물체의 등록, 위성정보의 이용, 우주비행사의 구조, 손해배상, 지상 제3자에 대한 책임보험, 우주개발지원계획 등이 포함된 전기 세 가지 우주관계법의 입법경위, 주요내용 및 논평을 하고자 한다. 더욱이 필자는 한국의 우주산업을 효율적으로 개발하기 위하여 일본의 우주항공연구개발기구(JAXA), 영국의 국립우주센터(BNSC), 국립우주연구센터(CNES), 독일의 항공우주센터(DLR), 스웨덴의 우주공사(SSC), 중국의 항천과공집단공사(CASIC) 등과 유사한 한국의 새로운 우주항공개발공사 (KADA: 가칭)의 창설할 수 있는 입법이 필요로 하며 또한 정부기구로서 캐나다의 우주청(CSA), 러시아의 우주청(RSA), 이탈리아의 우주청(ISA), 이스라엘의 우주청(ISA), 인도의 우주성(IDS), 미국의 항공우주청(NASA)과 중국의 국가항천국(CNSA)등과 유사한 한국의 새로운 우주청(KSA: 가칭)을 창설할 수 있는 입법조치가 필요하다. 만약 한국 정부가 장차 정부 조직으로 한국의 우주청을 설립시키려면 정부조직법의 개정이 필요하다. 동양적인 사고와 창의력에 근거하여 아시아 여러 나라들 간에 우주산업을 발전시키기 위하여 연구협력을 증진시킬 수 있는 "아시아우주기구(ASA)" 의 설립이 필요하다.