• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1992

The high oxidants, which occur the daily maximum concentrations in the afternoon, are transported into the other region via long range transport mechanisms or trapped within the shallow mixing boundary layer and then removed physically (deposition, transport by mountain wind, etc.) and chemically (reaction with local sources). Therefore, modeling formation of photochemical oxidants requires a complex description of both chemical and meteorolog ital processecs . In this study, as a part of air quality studies, we reviewed various aspects of photochemical modeling on the basis of currently available literature. The result of the review shows that the model is based on a set of coupled continuity equations describing advection, diffusion, transport, deposition, chemistry, emission. Also photochemical oxidant models require a large amount of input data concerned with all aspects of the ozone life cycle. First, emission inventories of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Second, chemical and photochemical data allowing the quantitative description of the formation of ozone and other photochemically-generated secondary pollutants. Third, dry deposition mechanisms particularly for ozone, PAN and hydrogen peroxide to account for their removal by absorption on the ground, crops, natural vegetation, man-made and water surfaces. Finally, meteorological data describing the transport of primary pollutants away from their sources and of secondary pollutants towards the sensitive receptors where environmental damage may occur. In order to improve our present study, shortcomings and limitation of existing models are pointed out and verification Process through observation is emphasized.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.277-294
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of symbolism as an important trend of the end of centuries, by comparing the symbolic characteristics from two periods, modern(1880∼1910s) and comtemporary(1990s), based on the typical characteristics of symbolic art by Robert R. Delevoy. Af for the study method, the contents analysis is adopted to present an objective data analysis and interpretation accompanied by theoretical approach through literature survey. Delevoy classifies symbolism into three categories such as mysticism, eroticism, and decorativeness. This study is developed based on the Delevoy's three categories. symbolistic costume reflecting systems of the society and the phases of the times, became to contain all aspects of functional, symbolic, and practical. Especially, the costume I contemporary era adopted a new approach, philosophical factors controling human's sensibility, and a sincere and analytical attitude on progress of technology. This study provide the fact that costume is a part to create aesthetic of self-expression as a field of formative art. Contemporary costume allows vital power for daily life of human by pursuing new aesthetic value, and it expresses inner world of human and moves on future-oriented to regain humanity. The symbolistic characteristics will continue to influence varous aspects of our society and play a main role in shaping the purpose of fashion design in the 21st century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.639-651
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• 2010

This study investigated women's magazines and women's food consumption stories of the 1950/s. That is, it attempted to comprehend the connection between the public and private aspects of food consumption as discussed in the 1950's. The public aspect of culture was investigated using the women's magazine "Yeo-won" which reflected the social and intellectual hegemony of the time. The private aspects of culture were investigated by reviewing the daily life of women though in-depth interviews. Mass media reflected the social and intellectual hegemony and indicated that a cultivated woman who supported western food was a wise mother and a good wife, and that a woman who consumed flour-based food was a reasonable and modern consumer, ahead of her time The admiration for the U.S. and its advanced civilization through free handouts of flour and powdered milk accelerated the consumption of industrialized flour-based foods such as noodles, hardtack, and steamed bread. This lead to the rigid traditional food-eating habits of boiled rice, and side dishes changed to flour-based and processed foods. That is, food represented a cultural identity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate changes in upper extremity joints and leisure satisfaction in children with brain lesions through sports stacking activities. Methods: A sports stacking program was conducted on three children with brain lesions who had upper extremity joint limitations and joint range of motion lower than the normal range. It was conducted 10 times, 1 to 2 times a week, 40 minutes each time. Upper extremity joint angles were measured using a goniometer in the order of shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers, and leisure satisfaction was measured using a smile evaluation. Results: As a result of measuring the upper extremity joint angles, all three children showed slight angle changes in the shoulder, elbow, and wrist areas. Differences in joint angles appeared differently for each child. Smile evaluation results were evaluated in various psychological, educational, and physical aspects. Only child A was evaluated for Smile Evaluation No. 1. Conclusion: Sports stacking activities changed the upper extremity function of children with brain lesion disorders and showed differences in psychological, physical, and educational aspects of leisure satisfaction. As this is a short-term study result, the change in upper extremity function is minimal, but if sports stacking activities are continued, it will be a rehabilitation program that can prevent upper extremity dysfunction and improve physical strength. Accordingly, continuous attention should be paid to increasing accessibility and enjoyment of daily life according to individual characteristics and level.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2017

Media has become an inseparable companion of $21^{st}$ century culture, exerting immense influence on our daily lives. This article aims to reveal how cultural aspects and media in a particular part of the Silk Road have adapted Western cannons. Iran has redefined and transformed Western culture through the modern Silk Road by the method of cinematic adaptation. Karim-Masihi employs the general plot of Hamlet, the well-known drama by William Shakespeare (1564-1616), in his movie Tardid (Doubt 2009); however, he transforms some of the characters to reflect the current socio-cultural aspects of Iranian society. One of the characters is named Siavash, whose life is similar to Hamlet. In passivity, he awaits his imminent death and other tragic consequences. Yet, the movie ends differently. It is not an Elizabethan tragedy in a strict sense, although the final scenes abound with corpses. This article aims to find the similarities and differences between the two works, while reasoning the significance of the alterations. It concludes with how different cultures react to the same themes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.699-713
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the experiences of patients with Meniere disease. Methods: Data were collected from February 19, 2019, to February 5, 2020, through individual in-depth interviews with 13 Meniere patients. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis. Results: The experiences of patients with Meniere disease were clustered into the following four themes from 22 meaning units: 1) Complex unfamiliar symptoms that shatter both balance of the body and peace of the heart; 2) A disease that medical treatment and health professionals cannot cure; 3) Suffering hardships that cannot be understood by non-Meniere sufferers; and 4) Making daily efforts to become healthier. Symptoms of Meniere disease are life-shattering and depressing because they are neither visible nor easily curable. Over time, as they accepted the reality of living with the disease, the participants would shift their focus from complete symptomatic cure to leading a healthy and more balanced life. Conclusion: This study shows that Meniere disease has a pervasive impact on all aspects of the patients' lives. Patients are prone to experiencing restrictions in their social functioning and activities. They also experience psychosocial problems due to the unseen nature of their symptoms. This study elucidates the experiences of Meniere patients and the need for nursing intervention to help improve their quality of life and ability to self-manage. Lastly, this study shows the need for a coordinated interdisciplinary approach to raising public awareness of the disease.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2016

Of the numerous events that occur in daily life, we readily remember salient information, but do not retain most less-salient events for a prolonged period. Although some of the episodes contain putatively emotional aspects, the information with lower saliency is rarely stored in neural circuits via an unknown mechanism. We provided substantial evidence indicating that synaptic plasticity in the dorsal ITC of amygdala allows for selective storage of salient emotional experiences, while it deters less-salient experience from entering long-term memory. After activation of D4R or weak fear conditioning, STDP stimulation induces LTD in the LA-ITC synapses. This form of LTD is dependent upon presynaptic D4R, and is likely to result from enhancement of GABA release. Both optogenetic abrogation of LTD and ablation of D4R at the dorsal ITC in vivo lead to heightened and over-generalized fear responses. Finally, we demonstrated that LTD was impaired at the dorsal ITC of PTSD model mice, which suggests that maladaptation of GABAergic signaling and the resultant LTD impairment contribute to the endophenotypes of PTSD. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 1-2]

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.64-74
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• 1996

In general. social cognition for a disabled person seemed that he was limited aspects of emotion and psychology. Thus he was rejected. avoided. worthless and not accepted. People who have been raised in an ethnic collectivity often acquire from that experience not only basic conceps and attitudes toward health and illness but also fundamental styles of interpersonal behavior and concerns about the world. The effects of this enculuration carryover into health- care situation and also become an important influence on personal activities devoted to health maintenance and disease prevention. Our Korean culture is a state of tradition Confucianism. respects his honor and external feature. Therefore recognition of a disabled person is more specipic. This study uses Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. The concep of recognition of disabilty can be defined as follows : Recognition of disability is a person's conscious process of sensation. perception. memory and thought and is constructed from value. attitude. emotion and expierince which is dynamics. and in everyday life is feeling that basic activity is not free and occurs interaction of envionment. Attributes of disability recognition are defined as 1) It is feeling that basic activity of his daily life is not free in everyday life. 2) It is a person's conscious process of sensation. perception. memory and thought. 3) It occurs interaction of enviornment. 4) It is constructed from value. attitude. emotion and experience. 5) it is dynamics ( changing but not stasis). Nurse is always suppoted and pushed him. She plans institutional and situational surroundings.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.197-210
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore the cases and features of the abductive inference used by young children when trying to explain natural phenomena in everyday life. From observing a 5-year-old's daily activities with his family, and analyzing the data according to the criterion extracted from the form of abductive inference described by C. S. Peirce, a few cases where the child used abductive inferences to explain natural phenomena were found. The abductive inferences in the cases were conducted: (a) based on figural resemblance and behavioral resemblance (b) under the influence by individual belief and communal belief, then (c) resulted in new categorization accompanied by over generalization. Such features of the abductive inference showed the 'double faces'; sometimes encourages and sometimes discourages children's generating better scientific hypotheses and explanations. These results suggest that even young children use abductive inference to explain doubtful natural phenomena in everyday life, although we need to consider carefully with the double aspects of the features of abductive inference for the practical applications to the fields of science education. Finally, several suggestions and following studies for science education are proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2021

Heatwaves are one of the most common phenomena originating from changes in the urban thermal environment. They are caused mainly by the evapotranspiration decrease of surface impermeable areas from increases in temperature and reflected heat, leading to a dry urban environment that can deteriorate aspects of everyday life. This study aimed to calculate daily maximum ground surface temperature affecting heatwaves, to quantify the effects of urban thermal environment control through water cycle restoration while validating its feasibility. The maximum surface temperature regression equation according to the impermeable area ratios of urban land cover types was derived. The estimated values from daily maximum ground surface temperature regression equation were compared with actual measured values to validate the calculation method's feasibility. The land cover classification and derivation of specific parameters were conducted by classifying land cover into buildings, roads, rivers, and lands. Detailed parameters were classified by the river area ratio, land impermeable area ratio, and green area ratio of each land-cover type, with the exception of the rivers, to derive the maximum surface temperature regression equation of each land cover type. The regression equation feasibility assessment showed that the estimated maximum surface temperature values were within the level of significance. The maximum surface temperature decreased by 0.0450℃ when the green area ratio increased by 1% and increased by 0.0321℃ when the impermeable area ratio increased by 1%. It was determined that the surface reduction effect through increases in the green area ratio was 29% higher than the increasing effect of surface temperature due to the impermeable land ratio.