• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2011

The Chinese Holstein cattle breed, an introduced breed in China, has been crossbred with native cattle breeds. We hypothesised that the Chinese Holstein local population in Beijing share haplotypes with native Asian cattle breeds, the result of a sudden population expansion in the recent past. We also hypothesised that crossbreeding and population expansion left traces that shaped the genetic makeup of the breed. Evaluation of this was performed by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis of Chinese Holstein cattle from Beijing (n = 41) and a comparison of them with the published mtDNA sequences (n = 293) of 14 Asian breeds with an emphasis on Chinese native cattle breeds. Three shared common haplotypes between Chinese Holstein cattle and native Asian cattle were found. Moreover, a high level of haplotype diversity in Chinese Holstein cattle (h = 0.9557) and low nucleotide diversity (${\pi}$ = 0.0052) was found, indicating a past population bottleneck followed by rapid population growth. These findings are supported by the significantly negative deviation of Tajima's D (-1.82085), the star-like pattern of dominant haplotypes and the pairwise mismatch distribution analysis, which showed a unimodal pattern.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.891-893
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• 2003

This study uses the images from the Corona ‘spy’ satellite, which have been declassified in November 2002 and available on Internet order for a very low cost. The image used dates from 1973 and has about 6m panchromatic characteristics. Along with a Landsat5TM of 1990 and Aster of 2001, a temporal range of about 30 years is achieved. A simple classification of the area was processed and crosschecked manually from the available recent toposheets of Thailand. Results show the development of human infrastructure in the Protected Island of Koh Chang in Thailand, from 1973 to date. Specific human locations are identified linked either to tourism development, or to villages of fishermen. Scope for using Corona in land cover changes on a longer time period than usual satellite images is possible. Some classification issues coming from the sensor have to be taken into account. Accuracy assessment is also an issue because of the age of the sensor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2015

Wattle length, width, and area were measured to classify bilateral asymmetries in four lines of chickens. The lines were the S26 generation of White Leghorns selected for high (HAS) or low (LAS) response to sheep red blood cells and sublines in which selection had been relaxed for three generations (high antibody relaxed [HAR] and low antibody relaxed [LAR]). Antibody titers (AB) were greater for HAS than for HAR with both greater than for LAS and LAR which while different for males did not differ for females. The low antibody lines were heavier and reached sexual maturity at younger age than the high antibody lines. In general, wattle length, width, and area were greater in the low than high antibody lines. In 24 comparisons for bilaterality 18 exhibited fluctuating asymmetry and 6 exhibited directional asymmetry with 5 of the 6 being for wattle length. There was not a clear pattern for changes in degree of asymmetry when selection was relaxed for 3 generations. For females, the relative asymmetry (RA) of wattle area was larger ($p{\leq}0.05$) for HAR than for LAR and not different from the selected lines and relaxed lines. There were no differences among lines for RA of wattle length and width of females and wattle length, width, and area of males.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze and consumption patterns diet/low-calorie food. Ubjects were 353 adult women aged 20s~50s. Ubjects were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): Normal group (BMI>23.0), overweight group (23.0${\leq}$BMI<25.0), and obesity group (BMI${\geq}$25.0). This study collected all information by self-administrated questionnaires. The SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis of data. The obesity group lower education level (p<0.001), higher age (p<0.001) and higher income (p<0.001) than normal group. However, score of health status was highest in normal group (p<0.001). Proportion of obesity group pill type diet/low-calorie (p<0.034), drug (diuretic, appetite suppressant and riental medicine) (p<0.001), and cosmetic surgery (p<0.001). The main reason for consumption of diet/low-calorie was control without starving (28.0%). Obese group emphasized manufacturer, ingredient and reputation, whereas the normal group emphasized price and expected effectiveness (p<0.001).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.588-597
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• 2007

Low-fat ground pork patties, LFGPP (<10% total fat) formulated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 percent sodium alginate (SA) were processed and compositional, processing and sensory characteristics were compared with control patties containing 20% fat. The moisture content of raw and cooked LFGPP were significantly (p<0.05) higher than control patties because of greater amount of added water in the formulation. The cooking yield, moisture and fat retention also increased linearly in different treatments of LFGPP. The dimensional parameters such as gain in height, decrease in diameter and shrinkage were significantly (p<0.05) lower in LFGPP in comparison to control. Amongst the sensory attributes, flavour showed a declining trend with the increase in concentration of SA in LFGPP. However, low-fat patties with 0.1% SA rated similar to high-fat control. The lipid profile revealed 49.78 and 43.22% decrease in total lipids and cholesterol content respectively, compared to control. The calorie content was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in LFGPP. The texture profile of LFGPP with 0.1% SA was similar to that of high-fat control. The LFGPP remained stable without any appreciable loss of physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic quality during refrigerated storage ($4{{\pm}}1^{\circ}C$) for 21 and 35 days in aerobic and vacuum packaging respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the fat reduction on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fermented sausages during ripening and drying. Low fat fermented sausages were produced with different fat levels (30%, 20%, 10%, and 5%) under ripening conditions and fermented process. Samples from each treatment were taken for physicochemical and microbiological analyses on the 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21st day of ripening. In proximate analysis, the fat reduction in sausages produced an increase in moisture, protein and ash contents during ripening and drying (p<0.05). The weight losses were significantly higher in high fat formulations during the first 4 days, whereas those were higher in low fat ones after 10 days of storage (p<0.05). Fat reduction was responsible for an increase in shear force values after 3 days of storage. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value of the low fat samples was significantly higher (p<0.05). Low fat sausages reduced the extent of lipid oxidation. The lower fat level produced redder sausages. Total plate bacteria and Pseudomonas counts of sausages showed no significant differences. Production of low fat sausages resulted in the physicochemical and microbiological attributes equal to or better than the high fat sausages without negative effects, except only a higher VBN and weight loss.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3023-3028
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• 2013

Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT ) is a promising modality for the treatment of various tumors. In order to assist in optimizing treatment, we applied 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin to evaluate cytotoxicity in Hela cells. Methods: Antiproliferative effects of 5-ALA/PDT and cisplatin, alone and in combination, were assessed using MTT assay. To examine levels of apoptosis, Hela cells treated with 5-ALA/PDT, and combination treatment were assessed with Annexin-V/PI by flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis, Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. Results: MTT assays indicated that combination treatment obviously decreased the viability of Hela cells compared to individual drug treatment. In addition, it was confirmed that exposure of Hela cells to 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin resulted in more apoptosis in vitro. Synergistic anticancer activity was related to upregulation p53 expression and alteration in expression of p21, Bcl-2 and Bax. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that administration of 5-ALA/PDT in combination with the low-dose cisplatin may be an effective and feasible therapy for cervical cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2001

The application of rumen undegradable intake protein (UIP) on lactating dairy goats was studied. Thirty 2-year-old lactating dairy goats were selected and assigned to dietary treatments begun from the third week to the fourth month postpartum. Experimental diets were formulated into three, low (32% CP), med (35% CP) and high (38% CP), iso-nitrogenous (16% CP) and iso-energetic ($NE_L$ 1.68 Mcal/kg) UIP levels. Results showed that feed intake was not significantly different among the treatment groups. The milk yield in the High UIP group (3.17 kg) was significantly higher than the med (2.95 kg) and low UIP (2.45 kg) groups (p<0.05). The milk compositions, milk fat, milk lactose and milk solids-non-fat (SNF) showed no significant differences among the three treatment groups. The milk protein however was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the low UIP than in the other treatment groups. The milk urea-N was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the low UIP than in the other treatment groups. The mean serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), urinary-N and total protein concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the high and the med UIP groups than in the low UIP group.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary low (Fe) levels on Fe metabolism of cadmium(Cd) poisoned rats. 40 male Sprague weaning Dawley rats weighing 80-90g were divided into 4 groups(LFe:low Fe, LFeCd:low Fe and Cd, AFe: adequate Fe, AFeCd: adequate Fe and Cd) according to Cd administration(0, 50ppm in drinking water) and Fe levels(Fe:6ppm, 40ppm in diet)for 12 weeks. The food intake and body weight gain of Cd group with low Fe(LFeCd) were significantly lower than those of without Cd group with adequate Fe(AFe)(p<0.01, P<0.05). But there was no significantly difference between Cd groups and without Cd groups in water intake. The blood levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum levels of Fe of LFeCd were significantly lower than those of AFe(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.001). The urinary and fecal excretion of Fe of LFeCd was significantly lower than that of AFe(p<0.05, p0.05). The levels of Fe of liver, spleen in LFeCd were lower than those of AFeCd(p<0.05, p<0.05). These results indicates that adequate iron supplementation to Cd pretreated rats induce protective effects on the reduction of Fe status by Cd poisoning.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 1995

This study was surveyed concept and consumption for Instant foods by homemakers in Inchon city. The result of study were as follows. 1. In the view of integral numberized high, middle, low, high group reached 19.2%, middle was 50.2% and low showed 30.1%. As higher their ages up, the point was high. 2. Their concept of instant food is close to 'convenience' and 'time saving' but far from 'good for health', 'high nutrition' and 'safe sanitation'. 3. Divied into two groups with positive and negative, which proved their concept of Instant foods as 57.5% positively. Negative group which has negative concept for instant food has a good dietary pattern, Positive group which consists of low ages and high income showed positive attitute for instant fodds. 4. Consumption of bred, noodles and soybean sourecs is little bit higher than other items. Consumption by the group which has low ages, highly educated, having small number of children proved high percentage. Also, the group which has good dietary pattern showed low consumption of instant foods comparing to other group. 5. According to the relation between concept and consumption of the instant foods the group that conceives instant foods positive consumes higher than the group which has negative concept.