• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.176-192
• /
• 2015

This work aims at analyzing the comparative feature about female flight attendant uniform designs of Korean and Asian region low cost carriers and providing some basic materials for development of these airline companies. As a research method, examinations were carried out on attendant's uniform both theoretically and empirically. Comparison of uniforms was made among the five Korean carriers and ten typical Asian carriers for empirical research. Results showed the followings. First, all Korean low cost carriers were characterized as formal style except Jin Air. Unlike this, Asian low cost carriers appeared as diverse including formal, semi formal, and casual styles with a uniquely differentiated image. Second, all carriers applied their own symbolic color to their uniform. Third, logo or symbol was adopted as a pattern on scarf in the two Korean companies but it didn't take effect practically. For those Asian carriers, embroidery was used on jacket, jumper and collar. They utilized even a merchandising character to put emphasis on airline image. Fourth, diverse petty items with a decorative effect were used in the case of Korean low cost carriers. In the changing period of uniform, nothing much was changed and remained almost the same as before. Those in the Asian region were characterized with the smallest number of items and the preclusion of decorative add-ons on uniform.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.415-425
• /
• 2003

A single particle analysis, called low-Z electron probe X-ray microanalysis was applied to characterize the atmospheric aerosols collected during Asian Dust storm events in the year of 2000 and 2001. Most frequently encountered chemical species were the soil-originated species such as aluminosilicates, silicon dioxide, and calcium carbonate. Also various species such as carbon -rich, organics, sea salts, and some reacted calcium carbonate were identified. The observation of internally mixed particles oi calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate and/or calcium sulfate shows the occurrence of the heterogeneous reaction between Asian Dust particles and NO$_{x}$ and/or SO$_{x}$ species in the atmosphere.ere.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2002

Asian dust(or yellow sand) occurs mainly in spring and occasionally in winter in east Asia, when the weather conditions are under an upper trough/cut-off low and surface high/low pressure system during blocking episode days associated with the stationary patterns of the upper level jet stream. The transport mechanism for Asian dust during the blocking episode days in spring 2001 was analyzed using the TOMS aerosol index and meteorological mesoscale model 5(MM5). Based on the E vector, an extension of an Eliassen-Palm flux, the blocking episode days were found to be associated with the development of an upper cut-off low and surface cyclones. Concurrently, the occurrence of dust storms was also determined by strong cold advection at the rear of a jet streak, which exhibited a maximum wind speed within the upper jet stream. As such, the transport mechanism for Asian dust from China was due to advection of the isentropic potential vorticity(IPV) and isentropic surfaces associated with tropopause folding. The transport heights for Asian dust during the blocking episode days were found to be associated with the distribution of the isentropes below the IPV At the same time, lee waves propagated by topography affected the downward motion and blocking of Asian dust in China. The Asian dust transported from the dust source regions was deposited by fallout and rain-out with a reinforcing frontogenesis within a surface cyclone, as determined from satellite images using TOMS and GMS5. Accordingly, these results emphasize the importance of forecasting jet streaks, the IPV, and isentropes with geopotential heights in east Asia.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2008

The study examines common component existing in five Asian countries from 1991 to 2007. To do this, the daily stock market indices of Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines were used. Using a Vector Autoregressive Model this paper analyzes causal relations and dynamic interactions between five Asian stock markets. The findings in this study indicate that level of five Asian stock markets' stock return linkages are low. First, from the statistics for pair-wise Granger causality tests, I find Granger-causal relationship between Korea and Indonesia and between Malaysia and and Indonesia. Second, from the results of response function and the statistics of variance decomposition, I find that week shocks to Korean stock market return on Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines stock market returns. The results indicate increased Asian stock market linkages but the level is very low. This implies that the benefits of diversification within the five Asian stock markets are still existed.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.115-140
• /
• 2010

Great concerns about atmospheric aerosols are attributed to their multiple roles to atmospheric processes. For example, atmospheric aerosols influence global climate, directly by scattering or absorbing solar radiations and indirectly by serving as cloud condensation nuclei. They also have a significant impact on human health and visibility. Many of these effects depend on the size and composition of atmospheric aerosols, and thus detailed information on the physicochemical properties and the distribution of airborne particles is critical to accurately predict their impact on the Earth's climate as well as human health. A single particle analysis technique, named low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) that can determine the concentration of low-Z elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in a microscopic volume has been developed. The capability of quantitative analysis of low-Z elements in individual particle allows the characterization of especially important atmospheric particles such as sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and carbonaceous particles. Furthermore, the diversity and the complicated heterogeneity of atmospheric particles in chemical compositions can be investigated in detail. In this review, the development and methodology of low-Z particle EPMA for the analysis of atmospheric aerosols are introduced. Also, its typical applications for the characterization of various atmospheric particles, i.e., on the chemical compositions, morphologies, the size segregated distributions, and the origins of Asian dust, urban aerosols, indoor aerosols in underground subway station, and Arctic aerosols, are illustrated.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2006

Asian Americans is a minority population contributing approximately 4% to the total population of the United States, however it is one of the fastest growing populations. Although Asian Americans as a group have socioeconomic profiles that are similar to white Americans, significant variations exists within and across Asian ethnic groups. The top ten leading causes of death for Asian Americans includes cancer, heart diseases, stroke, unintentional injuries, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, chronic lower respiratory disease, suicide, nephritis, and septicemia. The prevalence of obesity is lower among Asian Americans, however this should be taken with considerations specific to Asians. High salt and low calcium consumption seem to be dietary risk factors for Asian Americans, although dietary patterns are changing with acculturation. Factors affecting dietary patterns are discussed in this paper. A proactive nutrition education approach for Asian Americans should be promoting maintaining 'healthy' aspects of ethnic diets and adopting 'healthy' American diets. Collaboration with nutrition educators in Asian countries would be helpful to overcome limited resources available for researching and developing nutrition education messages and materials for Asian Americans. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 90-95, 2006)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.4025-4032
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer for all US populations including Asian Americans. CRC screening has considerable benefits to prevent CRC and reduce mortality. The purpose of this article was to review the published literature on rates of colorectal cancer screening and factors associated with colorectal cancer screening practice among Asian Americans. Methods: Through searching electronic reference databases from 2000 to 2013, 30 articles were found on Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans. Findings: Asian Americans had significantly low ratesfor CRC screening; Korean Americans reported the lowest rates, while higher screening rates were found among Japanese Americans. Older age, longer length of stay in the US, and having a physician's recommendation were the most common facilitators to receiving screening. The common inhibiting factors were financial issues, employment status, and worries/fears about the procedure. Conclusions: Despite a number of Asian Americans being vulnerable to CRC, individual Asian subgroups were underserved with CRC screening and intervention. Further studies should focus on each individual Asian subgroup and culturally proficient CRC screening intervention programs should be developed for each.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This literature review was conducted to provide a summary of the findings from research on knowledge and attitudes about human papilloma virus (HPV) and HPV vaccination, and studies of its actual uptake among women in Asian countries. Methods: The author searched the Pubmed, CINAHL, and KISS electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2011. Results: Seventeen peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria (13 quantitative, 4 qualitative). Findings from seven Asian countries that measured female adult's knowledge of HPV related issues and attitudes toward HPV vaccination were reviewed. Low level of knowledge about HPV and its related conditions, willingness to be vaccinated, and low uptake of vaccines were identified across the studies. Cultural barriers and social stigmatization about HPV vaccination were also discussed. Conclusion: Findings from this review indicate that adult women in Asian countries are in urgent need of improving HPV related knowledge and its actual vaccination. Policy makers, health care providers, and public health educators should take into account the cultural barriers and attitudes toward HPV vaccination in the process of developing and implementing educational programs and interventions for adult women in Asian countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.687-699
• /
• 2011

Folk costumes in East Asia are characteristic in their colors of the five-element colors based on natural colors or achromatic colors (such as white or black) that imply the beauty of nature or the beauty of naivety. The Asian look adopts forms of Asian costumes into western costumes in terms of structure, silhouette, ornament, pattern, and color; in particular, color had very limited attributes. This study is a comparative study on colors, shown in East Asian folk costumes and the Asian look. It discovered the differences of color in East Asian folk costumes and the Asian look to discuss the backgrounds of difference. For research, it simultaneously conducted literary reviews and empirical research based on the Asian look. Asian colors that appeared in some costumes of the Asian look were influenced by East Asian costumes, while the primary color of playfulness or color for low chroma or black exuding a contemporary nuance (common in the western fashion) were prevalent. This revealed that the costume that had the attribute of playfulness in terms of structure, ornament, or patterns is adopted in western fashion through the fusion of eastern forms and pastiche. Colors of the Asian look are different from those of East Asia with superficial imitation, in which all the East Asian spirits and symbolism are lost. While folk costumes of East Asia hold symbolism derived from Asian spirits, the Asian look disintegrates the ideology of East Asian costumes and replaces it with a Postmodern playfulness.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.552-555
• /
• 2002

Wideband CDMA is one of the radio access technologies for the third generation in which voice is the basic service. There has been lot of research work in order to find out the suitable transmission scheme to meet the requirement of accommodating variable type of services in Wideband-CDMA. This paper studies the behavior of different services using different transmission schemes in Wideband CDU and compares their performance in terms of BER. Different transmission schemes are found to be suitable for different services. Transmission schemes used are- fixed processing gain scheme also called as variable bandwidth scheme, single code transmission and multicode transmission. It is found that fixed processing gain scheme is suitable fur high data rates. Single code transmission is suitable fer low data rates where as multicode transmission is suitable for low and medium data rates.