• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

While upwelling regions account for only 0.1% of the ocean surface, they yield over 40% of world's fish catch. Thus it is vary important making upwelling region by various methods. This study was performed to find out basic hydrodynamic characteristics (function, stability..,) of artificial upwelling structures. The hydrodynamic characteristics of artificial upwelling structures can be summarized as follows: 1) The falling velocity of blocks was effected size($l_B$) of blocks than incident current velocity( $V_0$). 2) The falling horizontal distance was reduced as induce of stratification parameters and block' size. 3) Generation of artificial upwelling current was effected by size of structures and incident current. When stratification parameters was about 3.0 and relative height(hs/h) of structures was about $0.125{\sim}0.15$, stable artificial upwelling current was generated in the back-side of structures.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

The multiplication equipment of marine products with artificial upwelling structures could be useful in the fishing grounds near coastal areas. Artificial upwelling structures could move the inorganic nutrients from the bottom to the surface. Artificial upwelling structures have been used to improve the productivity of fishing grounds. Until now, research on artificial upwelling structures has been related to the distribution of the upwelling region, upwelling structures, and the marine environment. However, little work on the optimum design of the rubber-mound artificial upwelling structures has been done to increase the efficiency of drawing up the inorganic nutrients. This study investigated the optimum cross-section of rubber-mound artificial upwelling structures by means of hydraulic experiments. The hydraulic experiments include the falling test of rubber. Based on the results of the falling test, the relationship between the length of the rubber mound and water velocity, and the relationship between the shape of the rubber and the stratification parameter were established. In addition, the effect of the void ratio of various artificial structures on the stratification parameter was studied. From the experiment, it was found that upwelling could be enhanced when the ratio of structure height to water depth was 0.3 and stratification parameter was 3.0. The upwelling was not improved when the void ratio exceeded 0.43. The optimum size of rubber mounds was determined when the incident velocity was influenced by the mean horizontal length rather than size of block.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.997-1009
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• 2011

In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount's length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount's width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

This study was performed to find out basic function of artificial upwelling structures. Generation of artificial upwelling current was affected by size of structures, incident current and porosity. when stratification parameters was about 3.0, relative height(hs/h) of structures was $0.125{\sim}0.15$, stable artificial upwelling current was generated in the back-side of structures. when porosity is lower than 50%, the effect of artificial upwelling structure was to be better than little by little.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
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• pp.290-293
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• 2006

From the hydraulic experiment, it was concluded that upwelling could be enhanced when the relative structure height (the ratio of structure height to water depth) was 0.3 and stratification parameter was 3.0. In addition, the optimum size of rubbers was determined that the effect of the mean horizontal length of block was affected incident velocity than size of block. In the numerical experiment, the relation between the shape of rubber and stratification parameter was verified, ana the hydraulic characteristics of 3-D flow field around the artificial structures were investigated. Phenomena of flow field around the artificial upwelling structures corresponded with the results of hydraulic experiment. The position with maximum velocity in artificial upwelling structure was the center of top of its front side and the slip stream occurred at the inside and behind-bottom of artificial upwelling structures. The velocity of slip stream and early amplitude of velocity were higher in the inside than the behind-bottom.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2015

인공용승구조물 설치 전 후 주변해역의 하계 물리환경특성을 조사하였다. 구조물 설치 전(2002년)의 수온구조는 수심 30m에 강한 성층이 형성되었다. 한편 구조물 설치 3~4년 후(2012, 2013년)의 수온구조는 조류방향에 따라 구조물에 의한 성층의 형성수심 및 세기가 변화하였다. 이와 같은 현상은 구조물에 의한 연직류의 효과로 하계 강한 성층에 의해 저층에 분포하는 저수온수가 상승류에 의해 부상하여 성층분포에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단한다. 또한 구조물 설치 이후 연직류의 분포를 보면, 구조물 중심으로 국지적인 상승류 및 하강류가 혼재하여 나타났다. 즉 연직류는 조류방향에 따라 시 공간적인 변화를 보이면서 흐름이 진행하는 방향의 구조물 후면부에서 형성하는 상승류에 의해 성층이 약화되는 현상을 볼 수 있다. 또한 구조물에 의해 발생하는 연직류는 보다 넓은 해역으로 확장하여 발생한다. 본 연구해역에 설치한 인공용승구조물에 의해 발생하는 국지적인 용승은 한국 남동해안에 나타나는 연안 용승에 비해 유량이 100배 이상 크게 나타났다. 이와 같이 구조물에 의해 발생하는 상승류는 하계 저층에 존재하는 고농도의 영양염을 표층으로 상승시켜 주변해역의 기초생산량을 증가 시키는 역할을 가능하게 한다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

인공용승구조물은 저층에 인공적으로 해중산(Sea Mount)을 설치하여, 저층수가 상층의 유광층(Euphotic Zone)으로 용승되도록 하는 구조물로 저층수에 포함된 풍부한 영양염의 공급은 일차생산을 증가시키고 이에 따른 먹이 연쇄작용 및 어류 군집 유도효과를 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공용승구조물의 재료 및 형태에 따라 달라질 수 있는 공극률의 변화에 따른 흐름특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 공극률이 커질수록 상승유량은 작아졌고, 상승유량이 작아짐에 따라 하강유량도 작아지는 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 인공용승구조물의 단위면적당 용승유량은 공극률이 10%일 때 가장 좋은 효율을 나타냈으며, 공극률이 20%일 경우에도 불투과성 인공용승구조물에 비해 좋은 효율을 보였다. 따라서 인공용승구조물의 최적단면을 설계할 경우 공극률을 20% 이하로 설계할 때 좋은 효율을 보일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2003

To evaluate the oceanographic conditions for the artificial upwelling we measured vertical stratification coefficients, current speed distribution and grain size distribution of bottom sediment in the vicinity of Gukdo and Somaemuldo near Geojedo. There were a strong stratification between surface and bottom layers in summer, the stratification was weak from autumn to winter, and the water was well mixed during winter. In summer nutrient concentration of the bottom layer was 4 times higher than that of the surface layer. Underwater currents were strong in the bottom layer. We conclude that the oceanographic conditions in the area will meet the basic requirement for the construction of artificial upwelling.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.419-423
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• 2015

인공용승구조물은 흐름이 구조물에 의해 상승류와 배후면의 와류가 발생한다. 이때 저층수에 포함된 영양염이 표층으로 이동되고, 표층에선 플랑크톤 및 어류의 생태활동을 촉진시켜, 어업생산성을 향상시키는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 CFD를 이용하여 성층 상태를 고려한 인공용승류의 변화에 대하여 연구하고자 하였으며, 그 결과, 용승효과는 인공용승구조물의 최상부에서 가까울수록 좋은 효과가 나타났으며, 성층상태를 고려하지 않은 경우, 저층에서 표층으로 향하는 상승류 특성만 나타났으나, 성층상태를 고려한 경우, 상승류와 하강류가 반복되는 흐름특성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

한국 남해안 거제도 앞바다에 구축된 인공용승구조물로 인하여 발생하는 유동 변화를 파악하기 위해 ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)를 이용한 정선관측을 2003년 하계 및 추계에 실시하였다. 관측 결과 하계에는 수심 약 $30{\sim}40$ m를 기준으로 상층과 하층의 유동분포가 상이한 경계수심이 존재하였으며, 추계에는 이러한 현상이 3층 구조로 나타났다. 또한 연직유동성분은 수심과 지역에 따라 상승류와 하강류가 번갈아 분포하였으며 이러한 현상은 관측범위를 확장하였을 때도 유사한 유동분포를 보이고 있다. 한편 ADCP의 수평유동성분을 이용하여 계산된 연직전단(vertical shear) 및 상대와도(relative vorticity)는 상승류가 발생하는 지역에서 연직전단은 큰 값을 나타내었고, 상대와도는 +값으로 상승류의 방향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 유동성분의 상승류 분포역과 유사하게 나타났다.