• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1988

A beach nourishment method can be used as one of the beach. The beach nourishment is affected br a natural condition and an artificial condition; a natural condtion include conditions of bottom slope, diameter of bottom materials and wave, and an artificial condition include deposit position, method, diameter and quantity of the nourishing sand. To obtain and the best diameter of the nourishing sand a two-dimensional hydraulic model test, which simulates the erosional beach, has been accmplished. In this study the protection of the beach erosion can be maximized when the nourishing sand of 0.84mm in diameter, which is about 2.5-3.5 times of the natural bottom materials in diameter.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1987

The object of this study is to investigate behaviors of beach fill replenished at three coasts of different configurations by analyzing successively measured beach profiles. The main results obtained in this study are summarized as follows; 1) The amount of nourishing sand moved in the longshore direction surpasses the amount of nourishing sand transported in the cross-shore direction regardless of shapes of the coasts and types of the structures. 2) A clear correlation between displacements of shoreline and changes of sectional areas can be found soon after the placement of beach fill in the fields. This implies that the deformation of the artificial nourishment and dissipation or remaining rate of nourishing sand can be predicated by the one-line theory. 3) The patterns of sediment movements in the artificially nourished beaches are clearly found by the analysis of empirical eignfuncitions.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 1987

A beach nourishment method can be used as one of the beach erosion protection methods which may keep coastal environments whithout constructing coastal structures on the HAE UN DAE beach. The beach nourishmens is affected by a natural condition and artificial condition;a natural condition includes conditions of bottom slope, diameter of bottom materials and waves, and artificial conditions include deposit position, method, diameter and quantity of the nourishing sand. It has accomplished to obtain the deposit position and the best diameter of the nourishing sand from a two-dimensional hydraulic model test, which simulates the erosional HAE UN DAE beach. In this study, the protection of the beach erosion can be maximized when the nourishing sand of 3.3mm in diameter, which is about 5.5.times of the bottom materials in diameter, is deposited layerly in front of the breaker zone which has a water depth of 4.6m.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

In this study, an investigation of the shoreline changes at Song-do beach in Busan was carried out for a coastal improvement project to prevent damage from coastal disasters. From the results of the observed data, it is seen that the shoreline moves seaward under extreme wave conditions and moves leeward under normal wave conditions. The reason for this is wave run-up when wave conditions are extreme in summer. In addition, nourishment sand is moved seaward by wave run-up. Thus, the shoreline's slope is gently decreased. Therefore, the shoreline is moved seaward.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

The target area of the proposed study, Mamaia beach, is a narrow stretch of sand barrier island that sits between the Siutghiol Lake and the Black Sea. In the northern part of the bay, is located the Midia Port, where between 1966 and 1971 a long extension of 5 km of the offshore was built. Because of this extension, the natural flow of sediments has been significantly changed. Thus, the southern part of the Mamaia Bay had less sand nourishment which meant that the coast was eroding and to prevent it a protection of six dikes was built. After approximately forty years of coastal erosion, the south of the Mamaia Bay had in 2016 a new protection scheme, which includes first of all the beach nourishment and a new dike structure (groins scheme for protection) to protect it. From this perspective, the objective of the proposed study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the old Master plan against the new one by modeling the outcome of the two scenarios and to perform a comparison with a third one, in which the protection dikes do not exist and only the artificial nourishment has been done. In order to assess the wave processes and the current patterns along the shoreline, a complex computational framework has been applied in the target area. This joins the SWAN spectral phase averaged model with the 1D surf model. Furthermore, new UAV technology was also used to map out, chart and validate the numerical model outputs within the target zone for a better evaluation of the trends expected in the shoreline dynamics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1972

In this article, the writer attempted to study the followings: (1) mother's knowledge of milk feeding (including method of sterilization, formula and feeding) (2) reasons of artificial feeding (3) how much mothers are concerned about their artificial feeding infants (4) condition of growth and development of artificial feeding infants. As the object of study, 96 mothers with artificial feeding infants, who had consulted dep't of pediatrics of two Hospitals in Seoul (Korea Hospital and Med. College Woo Suk Hospital, Korea Uni.) and well baby clinic of the two Health Centers (Sung Dong and Dongdaemoon), were randomly sampled. The data were treated by the statistic method of chi-square and percentage, and come to the following conclusion. 1. Knowledge of milk feeding Sterilization: 70 percentages of mothers know about the milk sterilization (including bottle, nipple and instrument), but 55 percentages of them do not know the nipple sterilization correctly. Formula: 69 percentages of mothers follow the indicator or in accordance with doctor's directions, but 31 percentages do at their option by reasons that the baby often coughs up the milk, the baby is too small, the baby often has digestive troubles, or the baby grow fleshy heavily etc, except family economic problems. Feeding: only half of mothers know the correct feeding method, especially they do not know how to determine the heat degree of milk and how to bubble up the baby correctly. They just do feeding according to the accepted usages. 2. Reasons of artificial feeding Of the reasons of artificial feeding, 18 percentages were caused by infants and 82 percentages by mothers. Most of the reasons are mainly due to the lack of breast milk and sufficient supply of nourishments rather than mother's deficiency or mother's abnormality. 3. Mother's concern for artificial feeding infants Mothers who are sharply concerned for their artificial feeding baby's growth and development: 63%, mothers who made the baby (artificial feeding infant) routine vaccinated: 81%, mothers who ear anxious about the baby's future personality forming : 68%, mothers who care about the baby's condition of nourishment; 60%, mothers who are anxious about tile selection of baby's food; 54%. 4. The growth and development of artificial feeding infants compared with Korean average infants. The artificial feeding infants are above the Korean average infants in stature by 1.21 centimeters and in weight by 0.3 kilograms. Conclusion: It has been said that there is no better food for infant than the breast milk. However, the artificial feeding has been used for the supplement of nourishments and as substitute food for the breast milk. And this artificial feeding could give the married women the chance to act in society and more opportunity to develop themselves and to work for others at home and other fields. Considering these advantages, artificial feeding should not be exclusive, but preferably should be more improved and inquired positively. And even in artificial feeding, what is most important is that mothers should recognize the requirement and need of artificial feeding clearly and correctly, and they should be accustomed to the correct knowledge and skills of artificial feeding in order to practice it appropriately. In some degree, they should be properly trained in school education process.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

광안리 해수욕장은 해운대 해수욕장과 더불어 부산을 대표하는 해수욕장 중 하나로 2003년 광안대로 완공 이후 관광객이 꾸준히 늘어 2006년에는 1,000만명 이상의 관광객이 찾는 관광명소이다. 관할구청에서는 광안리 해수욕장 관리를 위해 해마다 양빈사업과 자갈제거 작업을 수행하고 있지만 체계적인 모니터링과 침식에 관한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 지난 60년간 항공사진, 조석자료, GPS측량자료를 이용하여 광안리 해수욕장의 해안선의 변화를 분석하고, 광안리 해상에 건설된 광안대교가 해안선변화에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 지난 60년간 광안리 해변의 면적은 40% 증가하였으며, 광안대교가 해안선 변화에 미치는 영향은 미비한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2019

This study tries to reveal influence of artificial structure construction on shoreline change using DSAS 4.3. Before breakwater extension at the Gungchon Port, beaches at the study area were dominated by long-term erosion and especially, severe shoreline retreat was prevailed at the Wonpyeong Beach that is opened to offshore. During 2 years after the extension leading formation of shadow zone, the Gungchon Beach was rapidly developed due to sand supply to the shadow zone and then stabilized. The shadow zone only affected the northern part of the Wonpyeong Beach, while beaches from the southern part of the Wonpyeong Beach to the Munam Beach was little affected. Beach nourishment and groin construction led beach development at the northern part of the Wonpyeong Beach, while beach erosion from the southern part of the Wonypeong Beach to the Munam Beach was caused by the groin. This study suggests that sufficient consideration before coastal structure construction should be made regardless of purposes.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

The geomorphological changes of an unvegetated part of the Okjukdong coastal dune were analyzed between 2008 and 2018. Its natural landscape has been destroyed after artificial forestation, but there is no quantitative evidence on these changes. In this study, we measured the unvegetated area using a total station and a network RTK-GPS in 2008, 2014, and 2018. Using Krging method for the three point data sets, we constructed digital elevation models (DEMs) and analyzed topographic changes between the three years. The results showed that the sand of the study area decreased in volume from 2008 to 2014, because sand supply from the nearby beach was blocked by coastal forests. The sand volume temporarily increased from 2014 to 2018, because of the dune nourishment conducted in 2017. It seems that the upper part of the sand dune has shrunk, but the sand at the bottom has increased over the last decade.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2011

본 연구는 해안 곰솔림에 생육하고 있는 아까시나무의 분포특성을 결정하는 요인을 구명하기 위하여 아까시나무의 생장특성과 임내 환경을 조사 분석하였다. 해안 곰솔림 내에 분포하고 있는 아까시나무의 분포확대 억제요인을 분석한 결과, 염분농도가 높은 0m 지점에서 잎의 갈변, 위조, 조기낙엽 현상이 나타나 염분이 아까시나무의 생장억제에 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 추정되었다. 그러나 토양특성과 광환경은 식재지점간의 차이는 나타나지 않아 아까시나무의 생장에 있어 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 해안측에 생장하고 있는 아까시나무의 수평근 연륜분석 결과, 2년생 개체의 근주에서 0.1~0.2m 떨어진 수평근 연륜에서도 1년 밖에 형성되지 않아 아까시나무의 수평근으로 영양공급이 충분하게 이루어지지 않아 수평근의 신장을 억제하는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 새로운 수평근의 신장과 개체의 신생이 이루어지지 않아 해안측으로 아까시나무의 분포확대가 억제되는 것으로 사료되었다.