• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2014

Vehicle toxicity is one of the main obstacles for intracellular delivery of bioactive compounds. Silk fibroin is a natural polymer proven to have high biocompatibility since being used as suture material. In this report, fibroin microspheres were prepared without any chemical modification or cross-linking not to affect its biocompatibility. The microspheres were taken up by more than 90% of 3T3 cells. Cellular uptake continued after medium replenishment with a different-colored fluorescent microsphere, suggesting that simultaneous ingestion and exocytosis occurred. Cellular uptake of fibroin microspheres did not affect cell viability. Intracellular trafficking of the microspheres using lysosome-specific fluorescent dye revealed that fibroin microspheres were localized both in the cytoplasm and in the lysosome. Accordingly, fibroin microspheres can be a potential vehicle for intracytoplasmic delivery of large cargos, such as mixtures of proteins, nutrients or artificial organelles.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

In this study, reuse of biologically treated wastewater of denim washing and dyeing industry has been evaluated by membrane technologies. After that experiments were carried out at laboratory scale in textile dyeing unit by using obtained permeate water samples on 100% cotton based raw fabric belonging to examined industry. During membrane experiments, two different UF (UC100 and UC030) and two different NF (NP010 and NP030) were evaluated under alternative membrane pressures. In permeate water obtained on selected samples, conductivity at the range of $1860-2205{\mu}S/cm$, hardness at the range of 60 to 80 mg/L, total color at the range of 2.4 to 7.6 m-1 and COD at the range of 25-32 mg/L was determined. The following analyzes were performed for the dyed fabrics: perspiration fastness, rub fastness, wash fastness, color fastness to water, color fastness to artificial light, color measurement through the fabric. According to analysis results, selected permeate water have no negative impact on dyeing quality. The study showed that membrane filtration gave good performance for biologically treated textile wastewater, and NF treatment with UF pre-treatment was suitable option for reuse of the effluents.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Hair coloring before the 1980s was mostly to hide white hair by dying in black. With the introduction of color TV, however, the size of the coloring market has been expanding. Nowadays, artificial synthetic dyes are widely used, which, though advantageous in many points, have problems such as harmful effects on the human body, carcinogenesis, environmental contamination and damage on hair. On the contrary, natural vegetables obtained from Curcuma Longa L., A. catechu, polygonum indigo, henna, etc. are little harmful to hair or the skin of the head and cause few environmental problems. In addition, as they are natural materials collected from nature, they are considered positively by consumers. Thus the present study started from the necessity of research on the convenient use of environment?friendly and side-effect-free natural dyes, coloring technology for reproducing original color, the improvement of adhesion rate, etc. From the present research were obtained yellow color from Curcuma Longa L., brown from A. catechu, blue from polygonum indigo and orange from henna. It is expected that, based on materials from previous researches, there may be more researches on the use of natural dyes as hair colors.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1982

Degree of separation and adhesion of dye and stain particles has been measured usually by the rate of reflection of light. However, it could be proved that the relation between the quantity of stain and the rate of reflection greatly varied with kinds of stain and states of adhesion. For this study, several pieces of cotton and polyester having different states of stain adhesion were prepared by staining them with two kinds of artificial stain different in color: Ferric Oxide and Ferric Oxynate. Every piece went through soilremoval test which employed two surfactants: Anionic LAS and Cationic M2-100. After the operation, relations between quantity of pre-soilremoval stain and rate of reflection were measured, as well as those between quantity of post-soilremoval stain and rate of reflection. Rate of reflection and quantity of stain were not proportional in measurement to the pieces stained with Ferric Oxide and Ferric Oxynate. The consequence was also the same with cotton and polyester. That held true of the fat-stained textile. With the same quantity of stain, rate of reflection varied according to the magnitude of stain particles, and the state of adhesion influenced the magnitude of stain particles a great deal.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2018

Scientific investigation of cultural heritage can provide important information to understand the context of the object. To know the characteristics of the material is also an essential part of objects management and conservation. However, the identification and characterization of organic dyes used in archaeological and historical textiles are often limited by the restrictions in sampling. To cope with the difficulties, applications of high-performance techniques of surface analysis, such as Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectra (TOF-SIMS) could be considered as a non or micro-destructive option. This study aims to examine the applicability of TOF-SIMS analysis to the detection of organic dyes from historical textiles. A group of silk fabrics dyed with vegetable dyes were artificially photo-aged to different degrees and analyzed with TOF-SIMS. Molecular and fragment ions from indigo were successfully detected from the aged samples; however, only some fragment ions were observed from gardenia and safflower dyed fabrics. Further studies with actual historical samples with extended examination scope would be necessary to assess the validity of this technique.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2000

During bonding procedure of composite resin, the prepared cavity can be contaminated by saliva. In this study, marginal microleakage and shear bond strength of a composite resin to primed enamel and dentin treated with artificial saliva(Taliva$^{(R)}$) were evaluated. For the marginal microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of fifty molars. The samples were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10 samples in each group. Control group was applied with a bonding system (Scotchbond$^{TM}$ Multi-Purpose plus) according to manufacture's directions without saliva contamination. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups and contaminated with artificial saliva for 30 seconds after priming: Experimental 1 group ; artificial saliva was dried with compressed air only, Experimental 2 group ; artificial saliva was rinsed and dried. Experimental 3 group ; cavities were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds after rinsing and drying artificial saliva. Experimental 4 group ; cavities were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and primer was reapplied after rinsing and drying artificial saliva. All the cavities were applied a bonding agent and filled with a composite resin (Z-100$^{TM}$). Specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuschin dye for 24 hours and embedded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned buccolingually with diamond wheel saw. Four sections were obtained from one specimen. Degree of marginal leakage was scored under stereomicroscope and their scores were averaged from four sections. The data were analyzed by Kruscal-Wallis test and Fisher's LSD. For the shear bond strength test, the buccal or occlusal surfaces of one hundred molar teeth were ground to expose enamel(n=50) or dentin(n=50) using diamond wheel saw and its surface was smoothed with Lapping and Polishing Machine(South Bay Technology Co., U.S.A.). Samples were divided into 5 groups. Treatment of saliva-contaminated enamel and dentin surfaces was same as the marginal microleakage test and composite resin was bonded via a gelatin capsule. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 48 hours. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine (AGS-1000 4D, Shimaduzu Co., Japan) with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute. Failure mode of fracture sites was examined under stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's studentized range test. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Enamel marginal microleakage showed no significant difference among groups. 2. Dentinal marginal microleakages of control, experimental 2 and 4 groups were lower than those of experimental 1 and 3 groups (p<0.05). 3. The shear bond strength to enamel was the highest value in control group (20.03${\pm}$4.47MPa) and the lowest value in experimental 1 group (13.28${\pm}$6.52MPa). There were significant differences between experimental 1 group and other groups (p<0.05). 4. The shear bond strength to dentin was higher in control group (17.87${\pm}$4.02MPa) and experimental 4 group (16.38${\pm}$3.23MPa) than in other groups, its value was low in experimental 1 group (3.95${\pm}$2.51 MPa) and experimental 2 group (6.72${\pm}$2.26MPa)(p<0.05). 5. Failure mode of fractured site on the enamel showed mostly adhesive failures in experimental 1 and 3 groups. 6. Failure mode of fractured site on the dentin did not show adhesive failures in control group, but showed mostly adhesive failure in experimental groups. As a summary of above results, if the primed tooth surface was contaminated with artificial saliva, primer should be reapplied after re-etching it.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.730-738
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• 2012

This study proposes a process to design and analyze stage costumes by design elements for the costumes of the Korean traditional music cantata 'I Will Rise'. This study states fundamental references to make costumes of similar performances in the future and develop costume designs based on the format of a play. The findings are as follows. First, the costume production process of 'I Will Rise' is conducted in the order of directing intentions and script analysis, costume design, miniature production, costume production, costume modification, run, and post-production. Second, an overall Korean silhouette is expressed through the creation of costumes based on the construction of Korean traditional clothing (hanbok); however, from a detail perspective, a modernistic sensitivity is expressed through the use of modern elements (wing shoulders attached to shoulders, narrow ribbons made in a string form, and wristlets and belts) not found in hanboks. Third, tie-dying is applied to the costume colors of each character to highlight the traditional and unique feeling of dye and symbolic colors that effectively represent each role used to communicate the storyline and character emotions to the audience. Fourth, materials for costumes are cotton and linen (frequently used to create the texture of a Hanbok) as the costume of each character is emphasized to the use of additional and detailed materials such as artificial leather, hemp, and silk.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2002

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) and c-type cytochromes from marine methanol-oxidizing bacterium, Methylophaga sp. MP, were purified and characterized. The native MDH had a molecular mass of 148 kDa and its isoelectric point was 5.5. Two c-type cytochromes, $c_L\;and\;c_H$, were found, and their isoelectric points were 3.4 and 8.0, respectively. The purified MDH had higher thermal stability than that of the other soil methylotrophic bacteria. The electron flow rate from MDH to cytochrome $c_L$was higher than that from MDH to cytochrome $c_H$, indicating that the physiological primary electron acceptor for MDH is cytochrome $c_L$. The electron transfer from MDH to phenazine ethosulfate (PES, artificial electron acceptor) in the two dye (PES/DCPIP)-linked assay system was not inhibited by NaCl, whereas the electron flow from MDH to cytochrome $c_L$ in the cytochrome/DCPIP-linked assay system was suppressed significantly by NaCl. Metal chelating agents such as EDTA showed the same effects on the MDH activity.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2008

Black garments can lose color, image, and be the main cause of color staining when washed with other laundry that can cause color contamination from interaction with other garments. To know the fiber-based dye fastness for colored garments, 4-5 pieces of various fibers of different fabrics were selected; cotton, linen, wool, silk, rayon, acetate, polyester, and nylon. To determine the colorfastness to washing and crocking, the black fabrics were washed with alkali and neutral detergents under the Laund-O-Meter method under the Crockmeter method. In an alkali detergent laundering conditions, most colored samples did not undergo color or light fastness. However, most of the stained fabrics slightly changed in K/S values while other samples underwent severe changes. With neutral detergent laundering, sample fabrics underwent less shrinking, and had less naps. The stained fabrics also underwent less change in K/S values. With time-repeatedly-washing the original sample went through colorfastness to lose color. In crocking fastness, most samples produced good to excellent results under dry conditions but produced relatively low crocking fastness under wet conditions. Natural fibers especially showed lower crocking fastness than artificial fibers. In conclusion, garments of the same color should be laundered together. The black garments that are washed using neutral detergents can decrease the amount of damage from color change. While it is the responsibility of garment producers to provide appropriate quality indications they should also provide adequate instructions for consumers to understand and appropriately cope with the quality indications in order to contribute to establishing a correct laundering method.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

귀중한 보존물, 예술품, 증거서류 등의 오염에 의한 훼손을 복원하는 기술의 일환으로 아르곤을 이용한 저온 플라즈마 표면처리법의 적용 가능성을 산소 플라즈마 표면처리법과 비교 조사하였다. 이러한 목적으로 인위적 오염물인 brilliant green으로 염색된 셀룰로오스 아세테이트와 카본으로 코팅된 백상지에 아르곤 플라즈마와 산소 플라즈마로 처리했을 때, 색도계를 이용하여 색도변화를 측정한 후 ${\Delta}E^*ab$ 값의 변화와 표면형태의 변화로써 brilliant green과 카본 제거효과를 조사하였다. 오염물 제거효과는 산화반응에 근거한 산소 플라즈마가 스퍼터링에 의한 아르곤 플라즈마에 비해서 효과적이었으나 모재의 심각한 손상을 유발하였고 플라즈마 후반응에 의한 추가적인 모재의 손상이 예상되었다. 반면에 아르곤 플라즈마는 산소 플라즈마에 비해서 열세하였으나 모재의 손상이나 후반응에 대하여 무시할 수 있었으며 섬세한 복원 작업에 오히려 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.