• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.525-533
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• 2022

Baengnyeongdo, located within the Asian dust stream, is an ideal place to analyze Asian dust moving into the West Sea due to its low emission of artificial pollutants. Baengnyeongdo is being used to analyze the vertical distribution of dust from the lower atmosphere to the upper layer through remote observation. This study compared the ground concentration of dust between Baengnyeongdo and the metropolitan area, estimated the lag time of transport of Asian dust from Baengnyeongdo to the metropolitan area, and examined the homogeneity of upper winds using the rawinsonde method. The results showed that the cross correlation coefficient was higher and the lag time was shorter for each observation station when the distance from Baengnyeongdo was shorter. The upper wind at Baengnyeongdo is dominated by the west/northwest wind. It is the basis for the correlation of dust concentration between Baengnyeongdo and the metropolitan area located to the east. In the future, upper wind data and Asian dust concentration data over the West Sea and Baengnyeongdo are expected to contribute to research related to the movement and prediction of Asian dust and preparation for Asian dust in the metropolitan area.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.190-194
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• 2023

By looking the importance of communication, data delivery and access in various sectors including governmental, business and individual for any kind of data, it becomes mandatory to identify faults and flaws during cyber communication. To protect personal, governmental and business data from being misused from numerous advanced attacks, there is the need of cyber security. The information security provides massive protection to both the host machine as well as network. The learning methods are used for analyzing as well as preventing various attacks. Machine learning is one of the branch of Artificial Intelligence that plays a potential learning techniques to detect the cyber-attacks. In the proposed methodology, the Decision Tree (DT) which is also a kind of supervised learning model, is combined with the different cross-validation method to determine the accuracy and the execution time to identify the cyber-attacks from a very recent dataset of different network attack activities of network traffic in the UNSW-NB15 dataset. It is a hybrid method in which different types of attributes including Gini Index and Entropy of DT model has been implemented separately to identify the most accurate procedure to detect intrusion with respect to the execution time. The different DT methodologies including DT using Gini Index, DT using train-split method and DT using information entropy along with their respective subdivision such as using K-Fold validation, using Stratified K-Fold validation are implemented.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.860-880
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• 2024

Breast cancer is a major health concern affecting women and men globally. Early detection and accurate classification of breast cancer are vital for effective treatment and survival of patients. This study addresses the challenge of accurately classifying breast tumors using machine learning classifiers such as MLP, AdaBoostM1, logit Boost, Bayes Net, and the J48 decision tree. The research uses a dataset available publicly on GitHub to assess the classifiers' performance and differentiate between the occurrence and non-occurrence of breast cancer. The study compares the 10-fold and 5-fold cross-validation effectiveness, showing that 10-fold cross-validation provides superior results. Also, it examines the impact of varying split percentages, with a 66% split yielding the best performance. This shows the importance of selecting appropriate validation techniques for machine learning-based breast tumor classification. The results also indicate that the J48 decision tree method is the most accurate classifier, providing valuable insights for developing predictive models for cancer diagnosis and advancing computational medical research.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.533-543
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• 2011

The hERG (human ether-a-go-go related gene) ion channel is a main factor for cardiac repolarization, and the blockade of this channel could induce arrhythmia and sudden death. Therefore, potential hERG ion channel inhibitors are now a primary concern in the drug discovery process, and lots of efforts are focused on the minimizing the cardiotoxic side effect. In this study, $IC_{50}$ data of 202 organic compounds in HEK (human embryonic kidney) cell from literatures were used to develop predictive 2D-QSAR model. Multiple linear regression (MLR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to predict inhibition concentration of hERG ion channel as machine learning methods. Population based-forward selection method with cross-validation procedure was combined with each learning method and used to select best subset descriptors for each learning algorithm. The best model was ANN model based on 14 descriptors ($R^2_{CV}$=0.617, RMSECV=0.762, MAECV=0.583) and the MLR model could describe the structural characteristics of inhibitors and interaction with hERG receptors. The validation of QSAR models was evaluated through the 5-fold cross-validation and Y-scrambling test.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.354-357
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• 2009

"Wonkyo Na-heukseong 2" was selected from a cross between "Kiyomaro", late season European cultivar with highly resistance and "Mansoo", late season Asian cultivar with long storability, large size and low susceptibility to pear scab made in 1997 at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science of Rural Development Administration in Korea. "Kiyomaro", released cross between "Taiheiyo" and "Bartlett" with scab resistance caused by Venturia nashicola in Japan, with no visual symptoms on any leaves was used as scab resistant source after field investigation and artificial inoculation test during 1997~1999. "Wonkyo Na-heukseong 2" blooms 1 day earlier than "Mansoo" and 3 days later than "Kiyomaro" in 2008. It is strong in tree vigor and upright-spreading in tree habit. It is classified as highly resistant to pear scab as "Kiyomaro" and "Bartlett", and cross-compatible with parental variety and Korean major pear varieties such as "Niitaka" and "Wonwhang". The average optimum harvest time of "Wonkyo Na-heukseong 2" was approximately 180 days after full bloom and it matured about 20 days shorter than parental varieties. The fruit is spindle in shape and yellowish greenish brown in skin color. Average fruit weight was 484 g and soluble solids content was $13.2^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh had medium to high juice and negligible grit. Its fruit was crisp like Asian pear.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.304-311
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• 2019

After the teeth were extracted, maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridges show the opposite resorption pattern and as a result, the mandibular arch is enlarged than maxillary arch relatively. In this situation, we should evaluate both alveolar ridge relationship and arrange the artificial teeth properly for stability of removable prosthesis. This case is a 77 years old male patient who wishes to make removable prosthesis and has atrophic alveolar ridge. By use of model scanner and CAD software, the angle between interalveolar crest line and occlusal plane was easily measured. Depending on the measurement, the artificial teeth are arranged in unilateral cross bite and after completion, patient was satisfied with the denture which showed proper stability, retention, support.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

If the properties of artificial lightweight aggregates produced by rotary kiln can be predicted by using a simulator equipped with a small electric furnace and a specially designed device for specimen movement, large amount of raw materials and plenty of test time can be saved to produce test products of lightweight aggregates. In this study a simulator for the accurate prediction of the artificial lightweight aggregates produced by rotary kiln was assembled by our own design and the properties of lightweight aggregates produced by both the simulator and rotary kiln were compared to speculate its usefulness. The average diameter of aggregates was 8 mm and atmosphere in the furnace was controlled by the amount of carbon powders. Specific gravity, absorption rate (%), black-core area in the cross-sectional view of both aggregates were measured and compared. Unlike oxydizing atmosphere, both specific gravity and absorption rate of the aggregates sintered at reducing atmosphere were increased with increasing carbon addition. It is concluded that the sintering atmosphere was the closest to that of the rotary kiln when the carbon addition was 0.7 g to make a reducing atmosphere in the furnace and the properties of both agreggates was also similar to each other.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.711-716
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• 2017

This paper presents a method using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the residual moment capacity of thermally insulated reinforced concrete (RC) beams exposed to fire. The use of heat resistant insulation material protects concrete beams against the harmful effects of fire. If it is desired to calculate the residual moment capacity of the beams in this state, the determination of the moment capacity of thermally insulated beams exposed to fire involves several consecutive calculations, which is significantly easier when ANNs are used. Beam width, beam effective depth, fire duration, concrete compressive and steel tensile strength, steel area, thermal conductivity of insulation material can influence behavior of RC beams exposed to high temperatures. In this study, a finite difference method was used to calculate the temperature distribution in a cross section of the beam, and temperature distribution, reduction mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcing steel and moment capacity were calculated using existing relations in literature. Data was generated for 336 beams with different beam width ($b_w$), beam account height (h), fire duration (t), mechanical properties of concrete ($f_{cd}$) and reinforcing steel ($f_{yd}$), steel area ($A_s$), insulation material thermal conductivity (kinsulation). Five input parameters ($b_w$, h, $f_{cd}$, $f_{yd}$, $A_s$ and $k_{insulation}$) were used in the ANN to estimate the moment capacity ($M_r$). The trained model allowed the investigation of the effects on the moment capacity of the insulation material and the results indicated that the use of insulation materials with the smallest value of the thermal conductivities used in calculations is effective in protecting the RC beam against fire.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.94-100
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this study was to ascertain optimal assisted hatching (AH) method in frozen embryo transfer. We compared the effect of depending on whether mechanical or laser-AH was performed before or after the vitrification of embryo development rate and blastocyst cell numbers. Methods: In order to induce superovulation, pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin were injected into 4- to 5-week-old female mice. 2-cell embryos were then collected by flushing out the oviducts. The Expanded blastocysts were recovered after the collected embryos were incubated for 48 hours, and were then subjected to artificial shrinkage (AS) and cross-mechanical AH (cMAH) or quarter-laser zona thinning-AH (qLZT-AH) were carried out using the expanded blastocysts before or after vitrification. After 48 hours of incubation, followed by vitrification and thawing (V-T), and blastocysts were fluorescence stained and observed. Results: The rate of formation of hatched blastocysts after 24 and 72 hours of incubation was significantly higher in the AS/qLZT-AH/V-T group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The cell number of the inner cell mass was higher in AS/V-T/non-AH and AS/V-T/cMAH groups than those of others (p<0.05). In the control group, the number of trophectoderm and the total cell number were higher than in the AS-AH group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The above results suggest that AS and AH in vitrification of expanded blastocysts lead to the more efficient formation of hatched blastocysts in mice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.199-206
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• 2001

Landslides generally occur due to influences of the internal and external factors. Internal factors include ground characteristics, terrain and so on. External factors can also be divided into natural factors such as rainfall, ground water, earthquake and so on, and artificial factors resulting from cutting and embankments. Among these factors, rainfall becomes the most important external factors by means of which landslides occur in Korea. To appropriately deal with tile effects of pore water pressures due to rainfall, the method using the pore water pressure ratio(r$\_$u/) is generally applied in slope stability analysis or the design of slope reinforcements. Since tire value of r,, is in general not constant over the whole cross section, in most slope stability analyses the average values are used with little loss in accuracy. However, determination of the average values of r$\_$u/ to applied in the design is difficult problem. Therefore, in this study, tile average values of r$\_$u/ according to the intensity of rainfall and slope inclination is suggested based on results of the small scaled model tests using the artificial rainfall apparatus. It is found from the model tests that the average values of r$\_$u/ is about 0.07∼0.18(in case of the intensity of rainfall is 50mm/hr.), about 0.10∼0.28(in case of the intensity of rainfall is 100mm/hr.), and about 0.10∼0.33(in case of the intensity of rainfall is 150mm/hr.).