• MALSORI
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• no.49
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• pp.31-50
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• 2004

This study investigates spectral characteristics of frication noise in Korean sibilants in terms of center of gravity and skewness. Specifically, the present study seeks to observe the two parameters with emphasis on place of articulation in different vowel environments. This study also examines whether these parameters can discriminate phonation types. The results showed that the fricatives are palatalized in front of the front vowel /i/ and the affricates are articulated at the same place of articulation regardless of the following vowels. This study also suggests that the place of articulation of the fricatives followed by /i/ is the same as those of the Korean affricates. With regard to the phonation type, there was a significant difference in the center of gravity between lax and tense series for both fricatives and affricates.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

This was a preliminary study for standardizing speech rate and fluency of normal adult Korean speakers and comparing speech rate and fluency of normal speakers with those of professional speakers. The purposes of this study were to investigate (a) the speech rates (the overall speech rate and the articulation rate) and the disfluency characteristics of normnal adult speakers and (b) the speech rates (the overall speech rate and the articulation rate) and the disfluency characteristics between normal adult speakers and professional speakers. The results were as follows: The most frequent disfluency type was 'interjection' in story-telling, 'revision' in text reading and announcing of professional speakers. The professional speakers had the fastest speech rates (overall speech rate and articulation rate) among the 3 groups.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2000

One of the widely accepted methods for evaluating the interior sound quality of automobiles is Articulation Index(AI). The AI actually measures the articulation level of the sound in the vehicle cabin as passengers talk to one another. In this study, the effect of two different absorption materials inside the cabin on AI has been investigated by ray-tracing method : one is firewall, the other is celling. It turns out that the back seat location is found to be strongly dependent on the type of absorption materials treated at the celling, since the sound absorbing area is different due to the location and the firewall is situated in the "Reverberation Radius". The proposed methdo could be used to improve the sound quality of automobiles at the design stge.sign stge.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2022

This study aims to clarify the prosodic differences in speech types by examining the Korean read speech and spontaneous speech in the Korean part of the L2 Korean Speech Corpus (speech corpus for Korean as a foreign language). To this end, the articulation length, articulation speed, pause length and frequency, and the average fundamental frequency values of sentences were set as variables and analyzed via statistical methodologies (t-test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis). The results found that read speech and spontaneous speech were structurally different in the form of prosodic phrases constituting each sentence and that the prosodic elements differentiating each speech type were articulation length, pause length, and pause frequency. The statistical results show that the correlation between articulation speed and articulation length was highest in read speech, explaining that the longer a given sentence is, the faster the speaker speaks. In spontaneous speech, however, the relationship between the articulation length and the pause frequency in a sentence was high. Overall, spontaneous speech produces more pauses because short intonation phrases are continuously built to make a sentence, and as a result, the sentence gets lengthened.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

Korean alveolar fricatives are late-developing speech sounds. Most previous research on phonemes used individual words or pseudo words to produce sounds, but word-level phonological analysis does not always reflect a child's practical articulation ability. Also, there has been limited research on articulation development looking at speech production by grammatical morphemes despite its importance in Korean language. Therefore, this research examines the articulation development and phonological patterns of the /s/ phoneme in terms of morphological types produced in children's spontaneous conversational speech. The subjects were twenty-two typically developing 3- and 4-year-old Koreans. All children showed normal levels in three screening tests: hearing, vocabulary, and articulation. Spontaneous conversational samples were recorded at the children's homes. The results are as follows. The error rates decreased with increasing age in all morphological contexts. Also, error percentages within an age group were significantly lower in lexical morphemes than in grammatical morphemes. The stopping of fricative sounds was the main error pattern in all morphological contexts and reduced as age increased. This research shows that articulation performance can differ significantly by morphological contexts. The present study provides data that can be used to identify the difficult context for articulatory evaluation and therapy of alveolar fricative sounds.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of the age of Korean speakers, place of articulation, and phonation types on voice onset time (VOT) of stops. Twenty-five preschoolers, 25 schoolers, and 25 adults who had no history of speech and language impairment produced plosives in /VCV/ words in isolation. A three-way ($3{\times}3{\times}3$) mixed design was used with the age of speakers (preschoolers, schoolers, adults) as a between-subject factor, the place of articulation (bilabials, alveolars, velars) and phonation types (plain, tense, aspirated consonants) as a within-subject factor. The dependent measure was the VOT values. Results revealed that three main effects were statistically significant. Preschoolers exhibited longer VOTs than adults (p<.05). There were significant differences in VOTs among the place of articulation, showing that speakers had the longest VOTs for velars (velars > alvelars > bilabials) (all p<.05). In addition, the VOTs for aspirated consonants were longer than those for plain and tense consonants, and the differences were significant among three phonation types (aspirated > tense > plain) (all p<.05). The current results suggested that VOTs would be linked to age and development, and schoolers over the age of 11 years had achieved adult-like VOTs. Moreover, the place of articulation and phonation types in Korean stops showed marked factors in normal speakers' VOT patterns.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.49-61
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• 2016

The present study investigates the perception of Korean phonation types by native speakers of Aymara. Perception tests were conducted on two sets of Korean speech materials to determine correspondence between Korean and Aymara 3-way contrasts and to find out which of the consonantal and vocalic part of the syllable is more influential in the perception of Korean phonation types. A set of manipulated stimuli, as well as a set of 12 spontaneous words, were prepared for the tests. The first syllable of the 12 Korean bisyllabic words of 3 series of phonation types(Lenis, Aspirated, and Fortis) in 4 places of articulation were split into consonantal and vocalic parts. And then the two parts were combined to form 9 tokens of CV sequences respectively for each place of articulation. Native speakers of Aymara were forced to match Korean stimuli with one of the 15 Aymara words which represent 3 series of consonant types(plain, aspirated, and ejective) in 5 places of articulation(bilabial, alveolar, palatal, velar, and uvular). Results showed that the consonantal part is more influential than the vocalic part to the Aymara subjects' perception of Korean phonation types when the consonantal part is Aspirated in its phonation type, but the vocalic part is more influential than the consonantal part when the consonantal part is Lenis or Fortis in its phonation type. Response analysis showed that Aymara subjects tend to match Korean stops to Aymara ones in such a way that Lenis corresponds to aspirated, Aspirated to aspirated, and Fortis to plain.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

This study investigates spectral characteristics of frication noise in Korean sibilants in terms of center of gravity and skewness. Specifically, the present study seeks to observe the two parameters with emphasis on place of articulation in different vowel environments. This study also examines whether these parameters can discriminate phonation types. The results showed that the fricatives are palatalized in front of the front vowel /i/ and the affricates are articulated at the same place of articulation regardless of the following vowels. This study also suggests that the place of articulation of the fricatives followed by /i/ is the same as those of the Korean affricates. With regard to the phonation type, there was a significant difference in the center of gravity between lax and tense series for both fricatives and affricates.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare disfluencies and speech rates (overall speech rate and articulation rate) of normal adult speakers who use the standard Korean according to dissimilar speech tasks (story-telling and text-reading). Participants were 100 Korean adult speakers. The results are summarized as follows: First, the most frequent type of disfluency in the story-telling task was 'interjection', whereas that in the text-reading task was 'revision'. Second, the overall speech rates (syllables per second and syllables per minute) showed significant differences depending on the speech tasks. Third, the articulation rates (syllables per second and syllables per minute) showed significant differences depending on the speech tasks.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

This study aimed to investigate the effect of design factors of woven textiles on the consumer's sensibility and emotion. 60 textile design pictures and 18 adjectives were prepared to get responses from 512 adult subjects. Textiles designs were analyzed into 9 design factors, such as, motif source, motif-background ratio, motif interpretation, motif arrangement, motif variation, motif articulation, hue contrast, value contrast, and chroma contrast. The results are followings: 1) The design factors of textiles were connected to other design factors, for example, the type of motif interpretation determined the type of chroma contrast, motif source, the ratio, and chroma contrast significantly. 2) The correlational coefficients of the ratio, motif variation, chroma contrast, hue contrast, articulation, and value contrast were positively signed significantly. 3) Consumer's sensibility was changed in urban, natural, graceful, mannish, young, dynamic, new, modem and etc, as the textile designs were changed in motif source, arrangement, hue contrast and etc.