• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.462-483
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• 2016

The research on optimization of cellular network's energy efficiency (EE) towards environmental and economic sustainability has attracted increasing attention recently. In this survey, we discuss the opportunities, trends and challenges of this challenging topic. Two major contributions are presented namely 1) survey of proposed energy efficiency metrics; 2) survey of proposed energy efficient solutions. We provide a broad overview of the state of-the-art energy efficient methods covering base station (BS) hardware design, network planning and deployment, and network management and operation stages. In order to further understand how EE is assessed and improved through the heterogeneous network (HetNet), BS's energy-awareness and several typical HetNet deployment scenarios such as macrocell-microcell and macrocell-picocell are presented. The analysis of different HetNet deployment scenarios gives insights towards a successful deployment of energy efficient cellular networks.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2002

This work summarizes the current state of the art in software radio for 4G systems. Specifically, this work demonstrates that classic radio structures, e.g., heterodyne reception, homodyne reception, and their improved implementations, are inadequate selections for multi-mode reception. This opens the door to software defined radio, a novel reception architecture which promises ease in multi-band, multi-protocol design. The work presents the many advantages of such an architecture, including flexibility, reduced cost via component reduction, and improved reliability via, e.g., the elimination of environmental instability. The work also explains the limitations that currently curtail the widespread use of SDR, including issues surrounding A/D converters, management of software and power, and clock generation. This provides direction for future research to enable the broad applicability of SDR in 4G cellular and beyond.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.387-390
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• 2007

Advanced-MVA(A-MVA) for LCD-TV application was proposed to yield high performance LCD-TV. By utilizing Additional Refresh Technology(ART), which has 2-TFTs but with single source and gate line only. The A-MVA can yield low color washout, fast response, and optimized brightness. AMVA has become the promising solution of advanced LCDTV panels for mass-production.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2017-2032
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• 2018

This study presents, for the first time, state-of-the art review of the various techniques for the modeling of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) generators for the ESD analysis and testing. After a brief overview of the ESD generator, the study provides an in-depth review of ESD generator modeling (analytical, circuit and numerical modeling) techniques for the contact discharge mode. The proposed techniques for each modeling approach are compared to illustrates their differences and limitations.

• Advances in robotics research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.219-236
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• 2018

This research focuses on controlling robots and their formations using rough mereology as a means for spatial reasoning. The authors present the state of the art theory behind path planning, robot cooperation domains and ways of creating robot formations. Furthermore, the theory behind Rough Mereology as a way of implementing mereological potential field based path creation and navigation for single and multiple robots is described. An implementation of the algorithm is shown in simulation using RoboSim simulator. Five formations are tested (Line, Rhomboid, Snake, Circle, Cross) along with three decision systems (First In, Leader First, Horde Mode) as compared to other methods.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

This paper aims to examine the performativity of street politics through Suffragette. The movie exposes the bloody violence of Britain government and shows the militant suffragettes and their resistance against it. It also deals with history and 'story'of labor class suffragettes for political rights. The paper shows how the movie is re-born as an indexical art and the street politics makes the plural performativity. Most of all, it reads the difference between the government's violence wielded as a power to suppress the suffragettes and bring them to their knees, and the suffragettes's violence having the resistant and emancipated revolution. We can realize that the suffragettes used the mode of visibility to expose its incompetence and make their emancipated violence into the indexical force. And we can see the variations of street politics from the acts of Davison, Maud, and Violet.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.54-71
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• 2020

In light of the environmental challenges, energy-saving strategies are currently under investigation in the construction industry. This paper focuses on the energy-saving method used in the hydraulic system based on independent metering (IM) technologies, which can overcome the lost energy at the main control valve of the conventional electrohydraulic servo system. By scientifically arranging the proportional valves, the IM system can individually control the flow rate of the inlet and the outlet ports of the actuators. In addition, the IMV system can be used to effectively regenerate energy under different operating modes, thereby saving more energy than conventional hydraulic systems. Therefore, the IMV system has a great potential to improve the energy efficiency of hydraulic machinery. The overall IMV system, including the configuration, proportional valve, operation mode, and the control strategy is introduced via state-of-the-art hydraulic technologies. Finally, the challenges of IM systems are discussed to provide researchers with directions for future development.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53-68
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• 2021

The continuous development of in-vehicle information systems in recent years has dramatically enriched drivers' driving experience while occupying their cognitive resources to varying degrees, causing driving distraction. Under this complex information system, managing the complexity and priority of information and further improvement in driving safety has become a key issue that needs to be urgently solved by the in-vehicle information system. The new interactive methods incorporating the augmented reality (AR) and head-up display (HUD) technologies into in-vehicle information systems are currently receiving widespread attention. This superimposes various onboard information into an actual driving scene, thereby meeting the needs of complex tasks and improving driving safety. Based on the qualitative research methods of surveys and telephone interviews, this study collects the information needs of the target user groups (i.e., beginners and skilled drivers) and constructs a three-mode information database to provide the basis for a customized AR-HUD interface design.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.289-321
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• 1996

After the two big wars (Imjin Woeran and Byungia Horan), the Lee Dynasty confronted rapid transitional periods in almost all aspects of the society. Corruption of the governmental system by the wars and disordered social structures also caused confusion in the social position system. In addition, development of the commercial economic system and monetary economy brought up a new rich middle-class, "Joong in Gyegeup". In ideological aspects, Confucianism indulged in and stick to isms and ics, and the Confucian morality slackened, thus a more pragmatic ideology, "Silhak Sasang", developed. And the emergence of the modern literature and art of the 'common people' was followed by the appearance of the common-people class including those having the common-people concept among the noble-class "Yangban Gyegeup". This evoked a new common costume culture and the fashion appeared. The public could no longer find the power and appeal from the preexisting ruling classes due to the changed role and sense of value. Thus, they sought a new symbolic leader group that would to be the new standard of the newly changed society. That was a group of people called as "Kisaeng" liberal and independent. They were performing social activities, enjoying poetry, music and dancing, and classy dressers, having physically attractive bodies. The erotic as well as luxurious mode proposed by them reflected the trend of that time. It concurred well with the concept and taste of the public, so it was accepted with a good response. That is, by following these leaders, the public achieved their identification and tried to share the prestige of the leaders. For this reason, the Kisaeng group attracted the public attention and led the taste of the public, thereby becoming the influential fashion leaders of that age.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2016

At the first time in South Korea, the state of the art acoustic systems were mounted on the R/V Tamgu 21. The acoustic systems are an EK80 broadband echosounder (18, 38, 70, 120, 200 and 333 kHz) which has two beam modes such as continuous wave (narrowband) and frequency modulation (broadband), an ME70 multibeam echosounder (70-120 kHz), and a SH90 sonar (111.5-115.5 kHz). Acoustic data from broadband mode have a very short range resolution, a large detection range, a high signal to noise ratio, and a wide and consecutive frequency response. In ME70, each individual beam consisted in a multibeam plays a role as a spilt beam. The first trial of the cutting edge acoustic system installed on the R/V Tamgu 21 was conducted from 15 Feb to 29 Feb 2016 in East Sea, South Sea and East China Sea. The properties of the acoustic systems were elucidated and exploratory results from three systems were exhibited. Lastly, issues which should be considered and future research plan are mentioned.