• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제8호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2009

Space is a phenomenon which is formed in the connection between environment and human beings and public space is built by a complex phenomenon of space. Each and every individual is connected to an environment and these individuals are connected to one another. A public commemorative space means souvenir and memorial which is designed for special purpose of remembrance of a specific area. One of the purposes of public commemorative space is memorial and that is the reason of doing public relation and educating citizens over the transom. However, the meaning and value of commemorative subject cannot be delivered or stuffed one-sidely. The target who receives messages from public commemorative space has reinterpreted the messages of his own with his personal experience, knowledge and sensitivity. It results in an unexpected phenomenon of public commemorative space. Therefore, public commemorative space should be considered in a mutual communication structure rather than a purpose of memorial itself. Korean public commemorative space is focused on public relation and education for memorial. In other words, Korean public commemorative space is neglected its important possibility of the productive chapter of mutual communication. The mutual communication structure of public commemorative space which is based on variety and haecceity is ripped up by the message over the transom. It destroys the self-control and creativity of public commemorative space, and derives a negative result. By studying the function and meaning of public commemorative space, we should make the best use of it.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 단삼 뿌리 추출물의 세포 안정성, 수렴 활성, NO 소거능, iNOS 단백질 발현량, 염증성 cytokine 분비, elastase 효소 저해능, type I pro-collagen 합성능 등을 조사하여 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 단삼 80% 에탄올추출물(SE)과 열수추출물(SW)을 대상으로 NHDF 및 RAW264.7 세포에서 0.05~0.5 mg/mL 농도 처리에 따른 독성을 보이지 않아 수렴, 염증, 주름 개선 효능을 진행하였다. 그 결과 수렴활성 측정 결과 SE는 10 mg/mL에서 74.6%의 활성을 나타냈다. SE는 농도 의존적으로 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO, iNOS 단백질, TNF-α 및 IL-6 cytokine의 생성을 유의미하게 감소시켰다. 게다가 SE와 SW는 elastase 효소 활성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 TNF-α에 의해 감소된 pro-collagen의 생성을 증가시켰다. 따라서 단삼 에탄올추출물은 수렴제, 염증 관련 피부 질환, 주름 생성을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있는 천연 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.63-93
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• 1999

This treatise begins with finding a meaning of Paul Klee's . It is pretty simpleto choose the square of Klee. The most important formative language for twenty century is abstraction. The element of speaking for abstraction issquare. The artists are trying to contain the nature and universe in the square. The role of magic square consisting with small squares of Klee is crystallized. The other side, the test of this study is a method analysis. The method analysis is changing while concept and style have been changing according to a period. The existing method analysis is an iconology used many times in Art history. This treatise introduces France symbolists, Bernard Cocula and Claude Peyroutet's analysis of a meaning of image(Semantique do l'image) who were applied to Modern Art. based on Iconography. It also applies to analysis of artwork of Klee. Cocula's is developed from one phase to five phase step by step. The first phase deals with an appearance of artwork. Subsequently, the second phase is directly adjacent to personal feeling and impression. This is an adequate method for image study in the analysis of modern arts. This phase makes it a rule to enjoy talking with artworks above all. The third phase begins with this question 'What do you see? (que voyons-nous?).' The applies exhaustively and strictly to complicated image artworks which need an elaborate analysis. It is very hard but audiences must try to maintain neutrality in front of artwork because cord formation and interpretation should be formed objectively. The meaning analysis and interpretation of the forth phase begins with this question 'what is the image rouse'(qu'evoque cote image?).' This phase is the most important in a process of symbolic analysis. The audience investigates personal elements and common elements. The fifth is synthetic analysis and interpretation phase. The synthesis is last phase and it reaches a valuation and a conclusion. Namely, the synthesis phase makes up synthesis conclusion, summarizes image character, and completes value adjudication. Sometimes it completes no conclusions in a silence. This study found a new possible analysis example from Paul Klee's work. The study emphasizes square analysis and interpretation and uses . The analysis of artwork by Cocula's is an example of the most important work of Klee's three artworks. The first analysis of artwork is and the second one is . The third one is . In these analyses, Klee usedmagic square 'to make natural pictorial element and to explain organic living things.'

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2021

본 연구는 트랜드에 민감하고 취업 등 외모에 관심이 어느 때보다 많은 여대생들을 대상으로 하여 여대생들의 뷰티 라이프스타일 행동이 미용가치추구와 화장품구매행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 미용산업 중 여대생들의 소비시장을 파악하고 미용산업 발전에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위한 자료수집은 모두 328명을 대상으로 실시하였으며 설문조사는 자기평가방식을 사용하였고, 5점 리커트척도와 선다형을 사용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 뷰티 라이프스타일 행동이 미용가치추구에 미치는 영향에 대한 회귀분석 결과, 네일행동, 메이크업행동, 다이어트행동, 성형행동, 쇼핑행동은 p<0.01에서 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 화장품구매행동에 따른 미용가치추구의 차이에 대한 결과, 화장품구매횟수가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 뷰티 라이프스타일 행동 관심도에 따른 화장품구매행동의 차이에 대한 결과, 화장품구매횟수, 화장품구입비는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

This study is focusing on Territoriality which is supposed to be one of the most important elements to activate open spaces in apartment communities. Case analysis with onsite visit is selected as the research method of this study targeting 6 apartment complexes in Bukgu and Gwangsangu, Gwangju city which accommodate over 500 households up to 800 households, which show high occupancy ratio and which were built after 2006 to minimize the physical environment variable. The result of this study is concluded as follows. First, we need the elements which can induce various action and the use of floor surface in color, pattern, and material should be considered in the stance of pedestrian for easy recognition of Territoriality change. Second, To secure the view, we should consider to plant shrubs or to plant trees wider apart. In most cases, enclosure is secured by using trees of Vertical Boundary for safety and comfort, but overuse in some cases make residents feel fear of enclosed spaces and insecurity. Third, Various and harmonious design elements can be recommended to increase aesthetic impression, to induce positive response for design, and to be used consistently. Finally, Unique space using notable landmark or design elements should be considered.

• 복식
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2009

Aiming at finding symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeup in Chinese Beijing Opera("BO"), this study formulated a theoretical framework mainly from literature in the Symbolism and symbolistically analyzed materials related to BO makeup from literature, internet web pages and illustrated news concerning performing arts. Main objects to analyze are the characteristics of four main roles in BO and the patterns, symbols, ornaments and traditions of Beijing Opera facial makeup("BOFM"). Four main roles are Sheng, Tan, Ching and Chou, categorized by gender, age, social position and personality. The result to analyze symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeups for the roles in BO are as follows: the patterns and colors of BOFM function as explanations to help audiences understand each role's personality and dramatic situations as well as provide hints about the development and ending of an opera: that is, BO makeup is a communicative intermediary between audiences and actors in BO. It tends to follow the stereotypes, which conventionally dress and exaggerate the characters of roles, and copy the traditional Chinese perception about colors. Thus, by the metaphysical and typical expression of BOFM, Chinese people have not been pursuing the realism in opera but applying BO makeup to a mutual communication method between audiences and performing artists as to share their collective cultural heritages and spirits. Threfore, BO makeup has been an interacting language between the two entities and grown within the history of BO as a beauty art to highlight a BO by its unique systems, ornaments and beauty.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.2752-2768
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• 2020

Phishing websites can have devastating effects on governmental, financial, and social services, as well as on individual privacy. Currently, many phishing detection solutions are evaluated using small datasets and, thus, are prone to sampling issues, such as representing legitimate websites by only high-ranking websites, which could make their evaluation less relevant in practice. Phishing detection solutions which depend only on the URL are attractive, as they can be used in limited systems, such as with firewalls. In this paper, we present a URL-only phishing detection solution based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The proposed CNN takes the URL as the input, rather than using predetermined features such as URL length. For training and evaluation, we have collected over two million URLs in a massive URL phishing detection (MUPD) dataset. We split MUPD into training, validation and testing datasets. The proposed CNN achieves approximately 96% accuracy on the testing dataset; this accuracy is achieved with URL schemes (such as HTTP and HTTPS) removed from the URL. Our proposed solution achieved better accuracy compared to an existing state-of-the-art URL-only model on a published dataset. Finally, the results of our experiment suggest keeping the CNN up-to-date for better results in practice.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.3046-3060
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• 2012

Low power listening (LPL) MAC protocols based on duty-cycling mechanism have been studied extensively to achieve ultra low energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Especially, recent ACK-based LPL schemes such as X-MAC employ strobe preambles and an early ACK, and show fair performances in communications and energy efficiencies. However, the state-of-the-art ACK-based LPL scheme still suffers from collision problems due to the protocol incompleteness. These collision effects are not trivial and make WSNs unstable, aggravate energy consumptions. In this paper, we propose two novel schemes; (i) ${\tau}$-duration CCA to mitigate the collision problem in ACK-based LPL MAC protocols. (ii) Short Preamble Counter (SPC) to conserve more energy by reducing unnecessary overhearing. We demonstrate the performance improvement of our scheme via a mathematical analysis and real-time experiments. Both analysis and experimental results confirm that our proposed scheme saves energy by up to 36% compared to the naive ACK-based LPL MAC protocol thanks to ${\tau}$-duration CCA and SPC.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2008

Purpose: Currently, using perforator artery flaps especially anterolateral thigh flaps are widely used for reconstruction of extremities, head and neck. Obtaining a precise anatomical picture prior to operation will translate to a more accurate, efficient and safe procedure. Authors used 3D-image work up via 64-slice MDCT to make a more precise preoperative plan. Methods: A total of 10 patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap from December 2006 to December 2007. The 64-Channel MDCT (LightSpeed VCT, GE, USA) was used and 3D images were reconstructed. Findings from MDCT were applied to the preoperative planning and confirmed with intraoperative findings. Results: The average number of perforator arteries from lateral circumflex femoral artery was 2. The average lengths of vascular pedicle from the origin of lateral circumflex femoral artery to the first and second perforator artery were 11.0 cm and 20.0 cm, respectively. The average diameter of the pedicle artery was 2.2 mm. The locations of the perforator arteries were mapped and localized on the body surface based on the MDCT result. These were confirmed through direct visualization intraoperatively. Conclusion: MDCT has an advantage of obtaining accurate images of the general anatomy and even fine structures like perforator arteries. By using this state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging technique, it is now possible to make an operative plan safely and easily.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2017

사람들은 합리적 기준을 가지고 이성적 의사결정을 한다고 말한다. 그러나 행동경제학 분야의 연구들을 보면 사람들은 이성보다는 감성에 따라 의사결정을 하는 경우가 더 많다는 것을 알 수 있다. 감성적 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요소 중 하나가 바로 공정성이다. 사람들은 때때로 상대방의 제안이 불공정하다고 느끼면 자신의 경제적 이익을 포기하면서까지 상대방을 응징하려고 한다. 그래서 공정성에 대한 인식은 매우 중요한 요소 중 하나다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 투자비용, 메시지 제시방법이 사람들이 공정성을 평가할 때 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 먼저 실험 1에서는 과거에 투자한 비용의 존재유무가 공정성평가에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 과거에 투자한 비용이 존재하는 경우 사람들은 자신과 달라진 계약 조건에 대해 더 불공정하다고 느끼면서도 기존의 의사결정을 계속 유지하려고 하려는 성향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 경영자의 유형과 메시지 제시방법이 공정성 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본 결과 자신의 능력으로 최고경영자가 된 사람과 이익과 손실을 함께 제시한 메시지에 대해 더 공정하다고 평가하는 것으로 나타났다.